1.0 2009-07-15 20:45:04 UTC 2026-05-14 16:37:20 UTC T3D2670 Digoxin SmallMolecule Digoxin belongs to the steroid lactones, a subclass of steroids and steroid derivatives within the organic compounds. With an average molecular weight of 780.94 g/mol, Digoxin is a heavy molecule. This exogenous compound has the chemical formula C41H64O14 and exists as a solid at room temperature. It is detected in several tissues, including the liver, kidney, platelet, small intestine, and hypothalamus. Recorded exposure routes include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, parenteral, inhalation, and touch. Digoxin is a drug (PMC10747198, PMC6559788) that functions as a cardiotonic drug, an anti-arrhythmia drug, and a biological epitope. It acts as an inhibitor (PMC10893382) and an inhibitor of EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) (PMC10747198, PMC6559788). Its protein targets include the sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (ATP1A1) and the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1). By inhibiting the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, Digoxin increases intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations, which may promote the activation of contractile proteins such as myosin and actin. Additionally, it modifies the electrical activity of the heart by decreasing the maximal diastolic potential, shortening the action potential duration, and increasing the slope of phase 4 depolarization. It also serves as an inhibitor/modulator of the Vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), Nuclear receptor ROR-beta (RORB), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Clinically, Digoxin is used as a treatment for congestive heart failure (PMC8332605), heart failure (PMC7833388), atrial fibrillation (PMC3526672, PMC7833388), cough (PMC1492602), and dyspnea (PMC1492602). It is associated with bradycardia (PMC9283731). Drug Plant Toxin Food Toxin Natural Toxin Organic Compound Ester Drug Food Toxin Plant Toxin Enzyme Inhibitor Anti-Arrhythmia Agent Cardiotonic Agent Metabolite Natural Compound Human Neurotoxin PFAS Phytotoxin 12beta-Hydroxydigitoxin 12β-hydroxydigitoxin 4-[(1S,2S,5S,7R,10R,11S,14R,15S,16R)-5-{[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-11,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]hep Agoxin Cardiacin Cardiogoxin Cardioxin Cardoxin Celoxin Centoxin Cogoxin Davoxin Digacin Digazolan Digitalis glycoside Digitek Digocard-G Digossina DIGOX Digoxin n Digoxin Pediatric Digoxina Digoxine Digoxinum Dilanacin Dynamos Eudigox Homolle'S digitalin Lanacordin Lanacrist Lanadicor Lanicor Lanoxicaps Lanoxin Lenoxin Neo-Lanicor Rougoxin SK-Digoxin Vanoxin C41H64O14 780.9385 780.429606756 4-[(1S,2S,5S,7R,10R,11S,14R,15S,16R)-5-{[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-11,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one digoxin 20830-75-5 [H][C@]12CC[C@]3([H])[C@]([H])(C[C@@H](O)[C@]4(C)[C@H](CC[C@]34O)C3=CC(=O)OC3)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C2)O[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@@H](C)O1 InChI=1S/C41H64O14/c1-19-36(47)28(42)15-34(50-19)54-38-21(3)52-35(17-30(38)44)55-37-20(2)51-33(16-29(37)43)53-24-8-10-39(4)23(13-24)6-7-26-27(39)14-31(45)40(5)25(9-11-41(26,40)48)22-12-32(46)49-18-22/h12,19-21,23-31,33-38,42-45,47-48H,6-11,13-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20-,21-,23-,24+,25-,26-,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,33+,34+,35+,36-,37-,38-,39+,40+,41+/m1/s1 LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Steroids and steroid derivatives Steroid lactones Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives 12-hydroxysteroids 14-hydroxysteroids Acetals Butenolides Carbonyl compounds Cyclic alcohols and derivatives Enoate esters Hydrocarbon derivatives Lactones Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives O-glycosyl compounds Oligosaccharides Organic oxides Oxacyclic compounds Oxanes Secondary alcohols Steroidal glycosides Tertiary alcohols 12-hydroxysteroid 14-hydroxysteroid 2-furanone Acetal Alcohol Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid derivative Carboxylic acid ester Cardanolide-glycoside Cyclic alcohol Dihydrofuran Enoate ester Glycosyl compound Hydrocarbon derivative Hydroxysteroid Lactone Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives O-glycosyl compound Oligosaccharide Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organoheterocyclic compound Organooxygen compound Oxacycle Oxane Secondary alcohol Steroidal glycoside Tertiary alcohol Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds Cardanolide and derivatives Cardanolides and derivatives Cardiac glycosides Terpenoids cardanolide cardenolide glycoside steroid saponin Detected and Not Quantified Exogenous Extracellular Membrane Hypothalamus Kidney Liver Platelet Small Intestine Digoxin Cardiac Action Pathway SMP0125107 Digoxin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway SMP0142847 Solid Colorless to white crystals; or white crystalline powder (A308). melting_point 217-221°C solubility 64.8 mg/L (at 25°C) logp 1.26 logp 1.04 ALOGPS logs -3.79 ALOGPS solubility 1.27e-01 g/l ALOGPS logp 2.37 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 7.15 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3 ChemAxon iupac 4-[(1S,2S,5S,7R,10R,11S,14R,15S,16R)-5-{[(2R,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-11,16-dihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadecan-14-yl]-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one ChemAxon average_mass 780.9385 ChemAxon mono_mass 780.429606756 ChemAxon smiles [H][C@]12CC[C@]3([H])[C@]([H])(C[C@@H](O)[C@]4(C)[C@H](CC[C@]34O)C3=CC(=O)OC3)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C2)O[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]3C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O3)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@@H](C)O1 ChemAxon formula C41H64O14 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C41H64O14/c1-19-36(47)28(42)15-34(50-19)54-38-21(3)52-35(17-30(38)44)55-37-20(2)51-33(16-29(37)43)53-24-8-10-39(4)23(13-24)6-7-26-27(39)14-31(45)40(5)25(9-11-41(26,40)48)22-12-32(46)49-18-22/h12,19-21,23-31,33-38,42-45,47-48H,6-11,13-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20-,21-,23-,24+,25-,26-,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,33+,34+,35+,36-,37-,38-,39+,40+,41+/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 203.06 ChemAxon refractivity 193.23 ChemAxon polarizability 84.8 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 7 ChemAxon acceptor_count 13 ChemAxon donor_count 6 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Injestion or dermal contact. (L1817) Absorption of digoxin from the elixir pediatric formulation has been demonstrated to be 70% to 85% complete (90% to 100% from the capsules, and 60% to 80% for tablets). Digoxin binds to a site on the extracellular aspect of the alpha-subunit of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in the membranes of heart cells (myocytes) and decreases its function. This causes an increase in the level of sodium ions in the myocytes. This effect causes an increase in the length the cardiac action potential, which when combined with the effects of digoxin on the parasympathetic nervous system, lead to a decrease in heart rate. Increased amounts of calcium are then stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and released by each action potential, which is unchanged by digoxin. This leads to increased contractility of the heart. Digoxin also increases vagal activity via its action on the central nervous system, thus decreasing the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node. (L1247) LD₅₀ = 7.8 mg/kg (orally in mice). Hepatic (but not dependent upon the cytochrome P-450 system). The end metabolites, which include 3 b-digoxigenin, 3-keto-digoxigenin, and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, are polar in nature and are postulated to be formed via hydrolysis, oxidation, and conjugation. Route of Elimination: Following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers, 50% to 70% of a digoxin dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Half Life: 3.5 to 5 days LD₅₀ = 7.8 mg/kg (orally in mice). 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135) For the treatment and management of congestive cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmias and heart failure. Digoxin is a plant toxin found in the foxglove plant (Digitalis lanata). It is used as a drug to treat various heart conditions, namely atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and sometimes heart failure. (L1247) #<HealthEffect::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007f723c49a1f0> Adverse affects of digoxin include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, visual disturbances (yellow-green halos), confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, nightmares, agitation, and/or depression, as well as a higher acute sense of sensual activities. (L1247) Treatment of dioxin overdose includes supportive measure and administration of the antidote, antidigoxin (DIGIBIND). Toxicity can also be treated with higher than normal doses of potassium. (L1247) DB00390 HMDB01917 2724385 CHEMBL1751 2006532 C06956 108950 177720 309801 4551 Digoxin DGX Digoxin 18048412 8094898 857452 6665298 15554746 12856482 10509851 10583701 10052027 15900513 12888425 15840479 14993604 10078117 11428474 12703181 10100017 10211539 10385921 10510740 12224140 12959741 Wikipedia. Digoxin. Last Updated 8 July 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digoxin Drugs.com: http://www.drugs.com/cons/Digoxin.html Wikipedia. Phytotoxin. Last Updated 7 August 2009.: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytotoxin International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. : http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php BE0000732 Digoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations. Increased intracellular concentrations of calcium may promote activation of contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin). Digoxin also acts on the electrical activity of the heart, increasing the slope of phase 4 depolarization, shortening the action potential duration, and decreasing the maximal diastolic potential. Wikipedia. Digoxin. Last Updated 8 July 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digoxin BE0001004 Digoxin inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations. Increased intracellular concentrations of calcium may promote activation of contractile proteins (e.g., actin, myosin). Digoxin also acts on the electrical activity of the heart, increasing the slope of phase 4 depolarization, shortening the action potential duration, and decreasing the maximal diastolic potential. IC50 3.236 uM BindingDB 46355 BE0002638 IC50 >50 uM BindingDB 46355 BE0001032 IC50 >50 uM BindingDB 46355 BE0005532 IC50 2 uM BindingDB 46355 BE0000868 IC50 >55.70 uM BindingDB 46355 BE0003659 IC50 13.183 uM BindingDB 46355 BE0000132 AC50 0.03 uM Tox21_AR_LUC_MDAKB2_Agonist Tox21/NCGC BE0000215 AC50 0.06 uM ATG_PPARg_TRANS Attagene AC50 0.04 uM Tox21_PPARg_BLA_Agonist_ratio Tox21/NCGC BE0000123 AC50 0.07 uM Tox21_ERa_LUC_BG1_Agonist Tox21/NCGC BE0003554 AC50 0.07 uM ATG_RORb_TRANS Attagene BE0000071 AC50 0.07 uM ATG_PPARa_TRANS Attagene BE0005468 AC50 0.29 uM ATG_EGR_CIS Attagene BE0002090 AC50 0.32 uM Tox21_Aromatase_Inhibition Tox21/NCGC BE0005528 AC50 0.39 uM ATG_Oct_MLP_CIS Attagene BE0005557 AC50 0.41 uM ATG_Xbp1_CIS Attagene BE0000779 AC50 0.52 uM ATG_VDRE_CIS Attagene BE0005034 BE0005047 BE0004994 BE0005018 BE0005026 BE0003653