<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2009-07-21 20:27:52 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2026-05-14 16:51:23 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>T3D2920</accession>
  <common_name>Flupenthixol</common_name>
  <class>SmallMolecule</class>
  <description>Flupenthixol is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C23H27F3N2OS and an average molecular weight of 436.54 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Flupenthixol belongs to the 1-benzothiopyrans, a subclass of benzothiopyrans within the organic compounds.

This compound is utilized as a first generation antipsychotic, an antidepressant, and an anxiolytic drug. Biologically, it functions as a dopaminergic antagonist and an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, and it acts as a chemical inhibitor of EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase). Its antipsychotic activity is thought to be related to the blocking of postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. Flupenthixol is a powerful antagonist of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors, as well as an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, although its full mechanism of action is not completely understood. Recorded protein targets include the D(1A) dopamine receptor (DRD1), D(2) dopamine receptor (DRD2), D(3) dopamine receptor (DRD3), Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A), Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1), Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1), and ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1, among others.

Flupenthixol is found in indoor air (air, dust &amp; atmospheric transport) and in antipsychotics (healthcare, pharmaceuticals &amp; veterinary products). Exposure routes for the compound include oral, intramuscular, and inhalation.</description>
  <categories>
    <category>Drug</category>
    <category>Synthetic Toxin</category>
  </categories>
  <types>
    <type>Organic Compound</type>
    <type>Amine</type>
    <type>Organofluoride</type>
    <type>Ether</type>
    <type>Drug</type>
    <type>Antipsychotic Agent</type>
    <type>Dopamine Antagonist</type>
    <type>Metabolite</type>
    <type>Thioxanthene</type>
    <type>Synthetic Compound</type>
    <type>Human Neurotoxin</type>
  </types>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Depixol</synonym>
    <synonym>Fluanxol</synonym>
    <synonym>Flupenthixole</synonym>
    <synonym>Flupentixol</synonym>
    <synonym>Flupentixolo</synonym>
    <synonym>Flupentixolum</synonym>
    <synonym>Jexit</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C23H27F3N2OS</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>436.54</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>436.17961916</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-(4-{3-[(9E)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-9,9a-dihydro-4aH-thioxanthen-9-ylidene]propyl}piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>2-(4-{3-[(9E)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4a,9a-dihydrothioxanthen-9-ylidene]propyl}piperazin-1-yl)ethanol</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>2709-56-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H]\C(CCN1CCN(CCO)CC1)=C1\C2C=C(C=CC2SC2=CC=CC=C12)C(F)(F)F</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C23H27F3N2OS/c24-23(25,26)17-7-8-22-20(16-17)18(19-4-1-2-6-21(19)30-22)5-3-9-27-10-12-28(13-11-27)14-15-29/h1-2,4-8,16,20,22,29H,3,9-15H2/b18-5-</inchi>
  <inchikey>DTTVNHWDONBIKE-DVZOWYKESA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organoheterocyclic compounds</super_class>
    <class>Benzothiopyrans</class>
    <sub_class>1-benzothiopyrans</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Thioxanthenes</direct_parent>
    <alternate_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1,2-aminoalcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl fluorides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkylarylthioethers</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-alkylpiperazines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organofluorides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Thiochromanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Thiopyrans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Trialkylamines</alternative_parent>
    </alternate_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1,2-aminoalcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>1,4-diazinane</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkanolamine</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl fluoride</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl halide</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkylarylthioether</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl thioether</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>N-alkylpiperazine</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organofluoride</substituent>
      <substituent>Organohalogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Piperazine</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Tertiary aliphatic amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Tertiary amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Thiochromane</substituent>
      <substituent>Thioether</substituent>
      <substituent>Thiopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Thioxanthene</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <descriptors/>
  </taxonomy>
  <status>Detected and Not Quantified</status>
  <origin>Exogenous</origin>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Membrane</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <biofluid_locations/>
  <tissue_locations/>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Flupentixol Dopamine Antagonist Action Pathway</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0126515</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Flupentixol Serotonin Antagonist Action Pathway</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0126516</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Flupentixol Drug Metabolism Action Pathway</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0143310</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <appearance>White powder.</appearance>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>0.000346 mg/ml</value>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.51</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.12</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-5.16</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>3.00e-03 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.54</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>15.59</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>8.51</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>2-(4-{3-[(9E)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-9,9a-dihydro-4aH-thioxanthen-9-ylidene]propyl}piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>436.54</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>436.17961916</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H]\C(CCN1CCN(CCO)CC1)=C1\C2C=C(C=CC2SC2=CC=CC=C12)C(F)(F)F</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C23H27F3N2OS</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C23H27F3N2OS/c24-23(25,26)17-7-8-22-20(16-17)18(19-4-1-2-6-21(19)30-22)5-3-9-27-10-12-28(13-11-27)14-15-29/h1-2,4-8,16,20,22,29H,3,9-15H2/b18-5-</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>DTTVNHWDONBIKE-DVZOWYKESA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>26.71</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>120.93</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>45.23</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <route_of_exposure>Fairly slow and incomplete after oral administration</route_of_exposure>
  <mechanism_of_toxicity>Flupenthixol is a thioxanthene antipsychotic. The mechanism of action of Flupenthixol is not completely understood. Flupenthixol is a powerful antagonist of both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors, and an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It's antipsychotic activity is thought to be related to blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the CNS.</mechanism_of_toxicity>
  <metabolism>Mainly hepatic&#13;Half Life: 19 to 39 hours</metabolism>
  <toxicity>LD50: 300 mk/kg (Oral,Mouse) (A308)&#13;LD50: 791 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (A308) &#13;LD50: 87 mk/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (A308)&#13;LD50: 37 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (A308)</toxicity>
  <lethaldose/>
  <carcinogenicity>No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).</carcinogenicity>
  <use_source>For use in the treatment of schizophrenia and depression</use_source>
  <min_risk_level/>
  <health_effects>#&lt;HealthEffect::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007f72261c60e8&gt;</health_effects>
  <symptoms/>
  <treatment/>
  <drugbank_id>DB00875</drugbank_id>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB15013</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>25137855</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chembl_id>CHEMBL54661</chembl_id>
  <chemspider_id>16115</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id>C11191</kegg_id>
  <uniprot_id/>
  <omim_id/>
  <chebi_id>5121</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <ctd_id/>
  <stitch_id>Flupenthixol</stitch_id>
  <actor_id/>
  <pdb_id/>
  <wikipidia>Flupenthixol</wikipidia>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <pubmed_id>18048412</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Drugs.com: http://www.drugs.com/cons/Flupenthixol.html</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <targets>
    <target>
      <target_id/>
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      <constants/>
      <references/>
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      <target_id>BE0000756</target_id>
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      <references/>
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      <references/>
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        <constant>
          <constant_type>IC50</constant_type>
          <value>0.0022</value>
          <units>uM</units>
          <assay_type/>
          <assay_source>BindingDB 85327</assay_source>
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  </targets>
</compound>
