1.0 2009-07-30 17:58:43 UTC 2026-05-14 16:40:08 UTC T3D3487 Brimonidine SmallMolecule Brimonidine is an exogenous compound with the formula C11H10BrN5 and an average molecular weight of 292.13 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Brimonidine belongs to the benzodiazines, a subclass of diazanaphthalenes within the organic compounds. Functioning as an alpha-adrenergic agonist, this compound targets the Alpha-2A (ADRA2A), Alpha-2B (ADRA2B), and Alpha-2C (ADRA2C) adrenergic receptors. It is utilized as an antihypertensive agent and an adrenergic agonist. In clinical applications, it is used to treat glaucoma by decreasing aqueous humor synthesis. Fluorophotometric studies in humans and animals suggest a dual mechanism of action characterized by the reduction of aqueous humor production and the increase of uveoscleral outflow, with a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring two hours after dosing. Additionally, a topical gel formulation marketed as Mirvaso received FDA approval in August 2013 for the treatment of rosacea. Brimonidine is found in various recorded sources, including healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products such as miotics, antiglaucoma preparations, antiallergics, and decongestants, as well as dermatological preparations. It is also identified in food preservation, electrical and electronic equipment like electrically stimulated smoking devices, and household consumer products including tobacco smoke filters, cigar cigarettes, non-electric simulated smoking devices, and other smoking requisites. Exposure to the compound occurs via topical and ophthalmic routes. Drug Synthetic Toxin Organic Compound Amine Organobromide Amide Bromide Compound Drug Adrenergic alpha-Agonist Antihypertensive Agent Metabolite EENT Preparation Synthetic Compound Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonist 5-Bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline Alphagan Brimonidina Brimonidine tartrate Brimonidinum Bromoxidine Mirvaso C11H10BrN5 292.135 291.011957992 5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine brimonidine 59803-98-4 BrC1=C(NC2=NCCN2)C=CC2=NC=CN=C12 InChI=1S/C11H10BrN5/c12-9-7(17-11-15-5-6-16-11)1-2-8-10(9)14-4-3-13-8/h1-4H,5-6H2,(H2,15,16,17) XYLJNLCSTIOKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Organic compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Diazanaphthalenes Benzodiazines Quinoxalines Aryl bromides Azacyclic compounds Benzenoids Carboximidamides Guanidines Heteroaromatic compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives Imidazolines Organobromides Organopnictogen compounds Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds Pyrazines 2-imidazoline Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound Aryl bromide Aryl halide Azacycle Benzenoid Carboximidamide Guanidine Heteroaromatic compound Hydrocarbon derivative Organic 1,3-dipolar compound Organic nitrogen compound Organobromide Organohalogen compound Organonitrogen compound Organopnictogen compound Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound Pyrazine Quinoxaline Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds imidazoles quinoxaline derivative secondary amine Detected and Not Quantified Exogenous Cytoplasm Extracellular Membrane Brimonidine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway SMP0142938 Solid White powder. melting_point 207.5°C solubility Soluble (1.5 mg/mL) logp 1.7 logp 1.27 ALOGPS logs -3.28 ALOGPS solubility 1.54e-01 g/l ALOGPS logp 1.37 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 8.32 ChemAxon iupac 5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine ChemAxon average_mass 292.135 ChemAxon mono_mass 291.011957992 ChemAxon smiles BrC1=C(NC2=NCCN2)C=CC2=NC=CN=C12 ChemAxon formula C11H10BrN5 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C11H10BrN5/c12-9-7(17-11-15-5-6-16-11)1-2-8-10(9)14-4-3-13-8/h1-4H,5-6H2,(H2,15,16,17) ChemAxon inchikey XYLJNLCSTIOKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 62.2 ChemAxon refractivity 68.49 ChemAxon polarizability 25.74 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 1 ChemAxon acceptor_count 5 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge 1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Minimal systemic absorption occurs after ocular insertion. When the topical gel was applied to adult patients with facial erythema associated with rosacea, the plasma maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were 46 &#177; 62 pg/mL and 417 &#177; 264 pg.hr/mL, respectively. These values were reached on Day 15 of treatment. Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist (primarily alpha-2). It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. The topical gel reduces erythema through direct vasocontriction. Metabolized primarily by the liver. Route of Elimination: Urinary excretion is the major route of elimination of the drug and its metabolites. Half Life: 2 hours [ophthalmic solution] LD50: 50 mg/kg (oral, mice) LD50: 100 mg/kg (oral, rat) No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). The ophthalmic solution is indicated for patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension to lower intraocular pressure. The topical gel is indicated for the treatment of persistent (nontransient) facial erythema of rosacea in adults 18 years or older. #<HealthEffect::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007f722548e4c0> Oral LD<sub>50</sub> is 50 mg/kg in mice and 100 mg/kg in rats. DB00484 HMDB14627 2435 CHEMBL844 2341 C07886 3175 Brimonidine Brimonidine FDA label Drugs.com: http://www.drugs.com/cons/Brimonidine.html BE0000289 Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist. It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Inhibitory 0.0027 uM BindingDB 34572 BE0000342 Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist. It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Inhibitory 0.044 uM BindingDB 34572 BE0000572 Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist. It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow.