<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2014-09-11 05:14:08 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2026-08-21 22:40:05 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>T3D4738</accession>
  <common_name>Encainide</common_name>
  <class>SmallMolecule</class>
  <description>Encainide is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C22H28N2O2 and an average molecular weight of 352.47 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Encainide belongs to the anilides, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. The compound targets the sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A).

Recorded sources for encainide include antennas in electrical and electronic equipment, as well as pharmaceuticals and veterinary products specifically within the class i and iii antiarrhythmics. The recorded route of exposure is oral. Encainide hydrochloride was formerly marketed as Enkaid capsules, which were voluntarily withdrawn from the US market on December 16, 1991, by the manufacturer. This withdrawal followed associations with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack.</description>
  <categories>
    <category>Drug</category>
    <category>Synthetic Toxin</category>
  </categories>
  <types>
    <type>Organic Compound</type>
    <type>Amine</type>
    <type>Ether</type>
    <type>Amide</type>
    <type>Ester</type>
    <type>Drug</type>
    <type>Anti-Arrhythmia Agent</type>
    <type>Synthetic Compound</type>
    <type>Sodium Channel Blocker</type>
    <type>Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blocker</type>
  </types>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+-)-2'-[2-(1-Methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl]-P-anisanilide</synonym>
    <synonym>(+-)-4-Methoxy-N-(2-(2-(1-methyl-2-piperidinyl)ethyl)phenyl)benzamide</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Methoxy-2'-[2-(1-methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl]benzanilide</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Methoxy-N-{2-[2-(1-methyl-piperidin-2-yl)-ethyl]-phenyl}-benzamide</synonym>
    <synonym>Encainida</synonym>
    <synonym>Encainidum</synonym>
    <synonym>Enkaid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C22H28N2O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>352.4699</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>352.21507815</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>4-methoxy-N-{2-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]phenyl}benzamide</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>encainide</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>66778-36-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1CCC1CCCCN1C</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C22H28N2O2/c1-24-16-6-5-8-19(24)13-10-17-7-3-4-9-21(17)23-22(25)18-11-14-20(26-2)15-12-18/h3-4,7,9,11-12,14-15,19H,5-6,8,10,13,16H2,1-2H3,(H,23,25)</inchi>
  <inchikey>PJWPNDMDCLXCOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Benzenoids</super_class>
    <class>Benzene and substituted derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Anilides</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Benzanilides</direct_parent>
    <alternate_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Alkaloids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl aryl ethers</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amino acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Anisoles</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aralkylamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzamides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzoyl derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Methoxybenzenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenoxy compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Piperidines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Trialkylamines</alternative_parent>
    </alternate_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alkaloid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl aryl ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Anisole</substituent>
      <substituent>Aralkylamine</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzamide</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzanilide</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzoic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzoyl</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxamide group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Methoxybenzene</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenoxy compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Piperidine</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Tertiary aliphatic amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Tertiary amine</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <descriptors>
      <descriptor>benzamides</descriptor>
      <descriptor>piperidines</descriptor>
    </descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <status>Detected and Not Quantified</status>
  <origin>Exogenous</origin>
  <cellular_locations>
    <cellular_location>Membrane</cellular_location>
  </cellular_locations>
  <biofluid_locations/>
  <tissue_locations/>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Encainide Drug Metabolism Action Pathway</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0143646</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <appearance>White powder.</appearance>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.29</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.94</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>4.01e-03 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.49</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>12.37</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>9.48</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>4-methoxy-N-{2-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]phenyl}benzamide</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>352.4699</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>352.21507815</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1CCC1CCCCN1C</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C22H28N2O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C22H28N2O2/c1-24-16-6-5-8-19(24)13-10-17-7-3-4-9-21(17)23-22(25)18-11-14-20(26-2)15-12-18/h3-4,7,9,11-12,14-15,19H,5-6,8,10,13,16H2,1-2H3,(H,23,25)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>PJWPNDMDCLXCOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>41.57</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>107.77</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>41.04</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <route_of_exposure/>
  <mechanism_of_toxicity>Encainide is a sodium channel blocker, binding to voltage gated sodium channels. It stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. Ventricular excitability is depressed and the stimulation threshold of the ventricle is increased during diastole.</mechanism_of_toxicity>
  <metabolism>Route of Elimination: A radiolabeled dose of encainide is excreted in approximately equal amounts in the urine and feces.&#13;Half Life: 1-2 hours</metabolism>
  <toxicity/>
  <lethaldose/>
  <carcinogenicity>No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).</carcinogenicity>
  <use_source>Encainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent which was used for management of irregular heartbeats, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. </use_source>
  <min_risk_level/>
  <health_effects>#&lt;HealthEffect::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007f3bf8bdcf00&gt;</health_effects>
  <symptoms/>
  <treatment/>
  <drugbank_id>DB01228</drugbank_id>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>48041</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chembl_id>CHEMBL570071</chembl_id>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id>C06978</kegg_id>
  <uniprot_id/>
  <omim_id/>
  <chebi_id>4788</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <ctd_id/>
  <stitch_id/>
  <actor_id/>
  <pdb_id/>
  <wikipidia>Encainide</wikipidia>
  <general_references/>
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      <target_id>BE0000197</target_id>
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  </targets>
</compound>
