<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-05-19 02:22:41 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2026-05-14 16:43:18 UTC</update_date>
  <accession/>
  <common_name>PIPERAZINE</common_name>
  <class>SmallMolecule</class>
  <description>PIPERAZINE (C4H4N2) is an organic compound with an average molecular weight of 80.09 g/mol. PIPERAZINE belongs to the pyrazines, a subclass of diazines within the organic compounds. This organoheterocyclic compound acts as an agonist of the Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 (GABRB3). In industrial applications, it is used as a flavouring and nutrient, and it is utilized in the production of polyamide plastics.

The compound is found in or released from 37 recorded sources. These include electrical and electronic equipment, such as antennas, auxiliary devices, adjustable resistors, cores yokes or armatures, and conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials. Within the building and construction sector, it is associated with floors, ceilings, ladders, stairs and ramps, and tents or canopies. In household cleaning and consumer products, it is found in soap detergents, bleaching agents, tobacco smoke filters, cigar cigarettes, and perfumes within detergents and soaps. In the realm of healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, it is used in anthelmintics.

Additionally, piperazine is linked to drinking water and water supply. In food, food processing, and cookware, it is found in food contact materials, food preservation, the preparation of malt, the preparation of wine or sparkling wine, and fermentation processes for beer. Recorded exposure routes for the compound include touch, oral, and inhalation.</description>
  <categories/>
  <types/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Pyrazine</synonym>
    <synonym>PYRAZINE</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C4H4N2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>80.088</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>80.037448138</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>pyrazine</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>pyrazine</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>110-85-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C1=CN=CC=N1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h1-4H</inchi>
  <inchikey>KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organoheterocyclic compounds</super_class>
    <class>Diazines</class>
    <sub_class>Pyrazines</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Pyrazines</direct_parent>
    <alternate_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
    </alternate_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrazine</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <descriptors>
      <descriptor>diazine</descriptor>
      <descriptor>pyrazines</descriptor>
    </descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <status>Detected and Not Quantified</status>
  <origin/>
  <cellular_locations/>
  <biofluid_locations/>
  <tissue_locations/>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Piperazine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0143040</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <state/>
  <appearance/>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.73</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.29</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>0.82</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>5.34e+02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.46</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>0.88</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>pyrazine</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>80.088</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>80.037448138</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>C1=CN=CC=N1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C4H4N2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h1-4H</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>25.78</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>21.74</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>7.62</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <route_of_exposure/>
  <mechanism_of_toxicity/>
  <metabolism/>
  <toxicity/>
  <lethaldose/>
  <carcinogenicity/>
  <use_source/>
  <min_risk_level/>
  <health_effects>#&lt;HealthEffect::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007f721faaa648&gt;</health_effects>
  <symptoms/>
  <treatment/>
  <drugbank_id>DB00592</drugbank_id>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>4837</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chembl_id/>
  <chemspider_id>13835459</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id/>
  <uniprot_id/>
  <omim_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <ctd_id/>
  <stitch_id/>
  <actor_id/>
  <pdb_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <general_references/>
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</compound>
