<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-05-19 04:36:01 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2026-04-02 22:37:33 UTC</update_date>
  <accession/>
  <common_name>9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,2-dihydroxy-</common_name>
  <class>SmallMolecule</class>
  <description>9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,2-dihydroxy- belongs to the anthraquinones, a subclass of anthracenes within the organic compounds. This benzenoid compound has the chemical formula C14H8O4 and an average molecular weight of 240.21 g/mol. Industrially, it is utilized as a dye and an indicator (PMC9266538).

The compound is identified in 44 recorded sources across multiple sectors. Within the electronics sector, it is found in electrical and electronic equipment, including cell phones, capacitors, batteries, printed circuit boards, and wires and cables. In household cleaning and consumer products, it is present in bleaching agents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, cigar cigarettes, non electric simulated smoking devices, and other smoking requisites. Within the food, food processing and cookware sector, it is associated with food packaging, food preservation, processing meats, and fermentation processes for beer, as well as the preparation of wine or sparkling wine. Additional sources include synthetic textiles, carpets and rugs in the textiles, leather and furnishings sector, and medical devices in the healthcare, pharmaceuticals and veterinary products sector. In building and construction, it is found in sunshades awnings or outside screens. Recorded exposure routes for this substance include oral, inhalation, and touch.</description>
  <categories/>
  <types>
    <type>PFAS</type>
    <type>Phytotoxin</type>
  </types>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Alizarin</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C14H8O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>240.214</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>240.042258738</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>alizarin</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>72-48-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C14H8O4/c15-10-6-5-9-11(14(10)18)13(17)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)12(9)16/h1-6,15,18H</inchi>
  <inchikey>RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Benzenoids</super_class>
    <class>Anthracenes</class>
    <sub_class>Anthraquinones</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Hydroxyanthraquinones</direct_parent>
    <alternate_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aryl ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Vinylogous acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternate_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxyanthraquinone</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Vinylogous acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <descriptors>
      <descriptor>Anthraquinone type</descriptor>
      <descriptor>a small molecule</descriptor>
      <descriptor>dihydroxyanthraquinone</descriptor>
    </descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <status>Detected and Not Quantified</status>
  <origin/>
  <cellular_locations/>
  <biofluid_locations/>
  <tissue_locations/>
  <pathways/>
  <state/>
  <appearance/>
  <experimental_properties/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.03</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.95</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>2.72e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>2.96</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>7.5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>240.214</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>240.042258738</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C14H8O4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C14H8O4/c15-10-6-5-9-11(14(10)18)13(17)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)12(9)16/h1-6,15,18H</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>74.6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>65.11</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>23.33</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <route_of_exposure/>
  <mechanism_of_toxicity/>
  <metabolism/>
  <toxicity/>
  <lethaldose/>
  <carcinogenicity/>
  <use_source/>
  <min_risk_level/>
  <health_effects>#&lt;HealthEffect::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007f3bf320a1f8&gt;</health_effects>
  <symptoms/>
  <treatment/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>6293</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chembl_id/>
  <chemspider_id>6056</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id/>
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  <biocyc_id/>
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  <wikipidia/>
  <general_references/>
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</compound>
