<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-05-25 18:10:07 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2026-04-02 23:26:37 UTC</update_date>
  <accession/>
  <common_name>Trigonelline</common_name>
  <class>SmallMolecule</class>
  <description>Trigonelline belongs to the alkaloids and derivatives, a superclass within the organic compounds. It has a chemical formula of C7H7NO2 and an average molecular weight of 137.14 g/mol. Biologically, the compound acts as an antioxidant (PMC12595288, PMC9826852) and has a therapeutic effect on cancer (PMC10300961).

The compound is found in or released from 28 recorded sources across multiple sectors. These include electrical and electronic equipment, such as batteries, capacitors, cell phones, printed circuit boards, and wires and cables. Within household cleaning and consumer products, it is associated with soap detergents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, cigar cigarettes, pipe accessories, and other smoking requisites. In the food, food processing and cookware sector, it is linked to food preservation, food packaging, the preparation of vinegar, and fermentation processes for beer. Other sources include synthetic textiles, carpets and rugs, medical devices, and indoor air. Recorded exposure routes for trigonelline include oral, inhalation, and touch.</description>
  <categories/>
  <types>
    <type>PFAS</type>
    <type>Phytotoxin</type>
  </types>
  <synonyms/>
  <chemical_formula>C7H7NO2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>137.136</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>137.047678473</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>trigonelline</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>535-83-1</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C[N+]1=CC(=CC=C1)C([O-])=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C7H7NO2/c1-8-4-2-3-6(5-8)7(9)10/h2-5H,1H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>WWNNZCOKKKDOPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Alkaloids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class/>
    <sub_class/>
    <direct_parent>Alkaloids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternate_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-methylpyridinium compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organooxygen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyridinecarboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyridinium derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Vinylogous amides</alternative_parent>
    </alternate_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alkaloid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>N-methylpyridinium</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyridine</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyridine carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyridine carboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyridinium</substituent>
      <substituent>Vinylogous amide</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <descriptors>
      <descriptor>Pyridine alkaloids</descriptor>
      <descriptor>a small molecule</descriptor>
      <descriptor>alkaloid</descriptor>
      <descriptor>iminium betaine</descriptor>
    </descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <status>Detected and Not Quantified</status>
  <origin/>
  <cellular_locations/>
  <biofluid_locations/>
  <tissue_locations/>
  <pathways/>
  <state/>
  <appearance/>
  <experimental_properties/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-3.30</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.77</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>3.23e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-3.5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>2.78</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>137.136</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>137.047678473</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>C[N+]1=CC(=CC=C1)C([O-])=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C7H7NO2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C7H7NO2/c1-8-4-2-3-6(5-8)7(9)10/h2-5H,1H3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>WWNNZCOKKKDOPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>44.01</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>48.15</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>13.4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <route_of_exposure/>
  <mechanism_of_toxicity/>
  <metabolism/>
  <toxicity/>
  <lethaldose/>
  <carcinogenicity/>
  <use_source/>
  <min_risk_level/>
  <health_effects>#&lt;HealthEffect::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007f3bb3f05140&gt;</health_effects>
  <symptoms/>
  <treatment/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5570</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chembl_id/>
  <chemspider_id>5369</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id/>
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  <omim_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <ctd_id/>
  <stitch_id/>
  <actor_id/>
  <pdb_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <general_references/>
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</compound>
