P,P'-DDE (CED0000014)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-06 18:57:56 UTC

Update Date

2026-08-19 08:19:50 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM000019

Identification

Common Name

P,P'-DDE

Class

Small Molecule

Description

P,P'-DDE belongs to the diphenylmethanes, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. This exogenous solid has the formula C14H8Cl4 and an average molecular weight of 318.02 g/mol. It is an organochlorine pesticide (PMC6902641), insecticide (PMC9520228), and pesticide (PMC5983739, PMC6483212, PMC9563050, PMC7908579) that acts as a persistent organic pollutant, human xenobiotic metabolite, and industrial degradant or impurity, as well as a biological metabolite (PMC1308838). It is an endocrine disruptor (PMC3551655) found in indoor air, electrical and electronic equipment, and food contact materials, including those used in food preservation and the preparation of wine, sparkling wine, and beer. Exposure routes include oral, touch, and inhalation. P,P'-DDE targets several proteins, including the androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PGR), and estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2, where it causes endocrine disruption by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. It antagonizes GABA-A receptors (GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRA3, GABRA4), inhibits the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels (SCN1A, SCN10A, SCN11A, HCN2), and inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase (ATP1A1, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, ATP1A4) and calmodulin. These actions result in central nervous system hyperexcitability and disrupted calcium transport. Health effects include associations with cancer (PMC3551655, PMC5409556), breast cancer (PMC11873108, PMC2737010, PMC3084477, PMC4232648, PMC4933552, PMC5442124, PMC5581466, PMC6046123), endometrial cancer (PMC4933552), liver cancer (PMC3496877), thyroid cancer (PMC7063446), and chronic myeloid leukemia (PMC7063446). It is linked to obesity (PMC11277516, PMC11873108, PMC11916920, PMC3548286, PMC4473834, PMC4858400, PMC6312913, PMC7326440, PMC7529953), overweight (PMC3295349, PMC4113857, PMC6312913, PMC8477732, PMC8632231), diabetes mellitus ( (PMC11916920) one392), hyperglycemia (PMC4098932), weight gain (PMC4113857, PMC7983487), and infertility (PMC6046123). Other effects include asthma (PMC2737010, PMC7567889, PMC9067049, PMC9487696), cognitive impairment (PMC6826260), neurodevelopmental delay (PMC4827016), and cryptorchidism (PMC7377911).

Contaminant Type

Human Neurotoxin
Organic Compound
Organochloride
Pesticide
Pollutant
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene	ChEBI
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene	ChEBI
4,4'-DDE	ChEBI
p,P'-(dichlorodiphenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene	ChEBI
p,P'-dde	ChEBI
DDE	Kegg
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene	MeSH
DDMU	MeSH
DDX	MeSH
Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene	MeSH
Dichloroethylene, dichlorodiphenyl	MeSH
p,p-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene	MeSH

Chemical Formula

C₁₄H₈Cl₄

Average Molecular Mass

318.025 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

315.938 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

72-55-9

IUPAC Name

1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene

Traditional Name

p,p'-DDE

SMILES

ClC(Cl)=C(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C14H8Cl4/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13(14(17)18)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8H

InChI Key

UCNVFOCBFJOQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylmethanes. Diphenylmethanes are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Diphenylmethanes

Direct Parent

Diphenylmethanes

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Diphenylmethane
Halobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Aryl halide
Aryl chloride
Ketene acetal or derivatives
Chloroalkene
Haloalkene
Vinyl halide
Vinyl chloride
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organochloride
Organohalogen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

monochlorobenzenes (CHEBI:16598 )
chlorophenylethylene (CHEBI:16598 )
Organochlorine pesticides (C04596 )
a small molecule (DICHLOROBIS-CPD )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

persistent organic pollutant

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	89°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	4e-05 mg/mL at 25 °C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	7.2e-05 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	6.22	ALOGPS
logP	6.11	ChemAxon
logS	-6.6	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	99.31 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	30.79 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-0009000000-96632808adf4e0147839	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-0009000000-96632808adf4e0147839	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-0039000000-1b043fe64dd9229a4ef9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0009000000-6e21e2199c351677e850	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0009000000-6e21e2199c351677e850	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0029000000-41f08522a50d8c198d53	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-0009000000-e79107c176e5cc237cb9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0159-0059000000-46952aba66e3d00946f0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0090000000-28b5d0e3a7569c799971	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0009000000-71fa56931a72ac866267	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0009000000-71fa56931a72ac866267	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03fr-2097000000-246be02d84aeebd5a0e8	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-00kb-4896000000-e447ccc2473725f3964c	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

DDE toxicity occurs via at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. DDE reduces potassium transport across the membrane. DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. DDE inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. DDE also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. DDE is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (6, 2)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

Not directly listed by IARC, but carcinogenicity studies of this DDT metabolite are discussed in connection with DDT (5).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Acute signs of DDT poisoning include paresthesia after oral ingestion. Studies have shown that a mammal poisoned with DDT-type agents displays periodic persistent tremoring and/or convulsive seizures that are suggestive of repetitive discharges in neurons. These repetitive tremors and seizures can be initiated by tactile and auditory stimuli. (6)

Treatment

Treatment of DDT exposure should be primarily directed towards decontamination and supportive care, as there is no specific antidote. The use of gastric lavage and activated charcoal for large ingestions may be effective. (4)

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
hypertension	associated_with	positive	PMC11912326
blood pressure	associated_with	decrease	PMC8713646
cancer	associated_with	Not Available	PMC3551655 , PMC5409556
breast cancer	associated_with	Not Available	PMC11873108 , PMC11873108 , PMC2737010 , PMC3084477 , PMC4232648 , PMC4933552 , PMC5442124 , PMC5581466 , PMC6046123
breast cancer	elevated_in_blood_in	increase	PMC2737010
overweight	associated_with	increase	PMC3295349 , PMC3295349 , PMC4113857 , PMC6312913 , PMC8477732 , PMC8632231 , PMC9512275 , PMC9512275
infertility	associated_with	Not Available	PMC6046123
gestational diabetes	associated_with	Not Available	PMC10525014
asthma	associated_with	Not Available	PMC2737010 , PMC7567889 , PMC9067049 , PMC9487696 , PMC9487696 , PMC9487696 , PMC9487696 , PMC9487696 , PMC9487696
diabetes mellitus	associated_with	increase	PMC11916920 , PMC4098932
endometrial cancer	associated_with	Not Available	PMC4933552
weight gain	associated_with	increase	PMC4113857 , PMC7983487
liver cancer	associated_with	Not Available	PMC3496877
obesity	associated_with	increase	PMC11277516 , PMC11873108 , PMC11873108 , PMC11916920 , PMC3548286 , PMC4473834 , PMC4858400 , PMC6312913 , PMC7326440 , PMC7529953
obesity	associated_with	Not Available	PMC11873108 , PMC7326440 , PMC8632231
hyperuricemia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC13307085
thyroid cancer	associated_with	Not Available	PMC7063446
cognitive impairment	associated_with	increase	PMC6826260
chronic myeloid leukemia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC7063446
hyperglycemia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC4098932 , PMC4098932 , PMC4098932
Endometriosis	associated_with	Not Available	PMC9908711
non-Hodgkin lymphoma	associated_with	increase	PMC2737010 , PMC7063446
spontaneous abortion	associated_with	decrease	PMC2737010 , PMC4827016
otitis media	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12216734 , PMC2737010
cryptorchidism	associated_with	Not Available	PMC7377911
neurodevelopmental delay	associated_with	Not Available	PMC4827016
hypospadias	associated_with	increase	PMC8502235 , PMC8502235
intellectual disability	associated_with	increase	PMC6377859

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
10	Insecticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
19	Indoor air	Air, dust & atmospheric transport	Not Available
494	Food contact materials	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
544	Fermentation Processes For Beer	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
545	Food Preservation	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
596	Acaricides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
600	Herbicides And Algicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
603	Nematocides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
607	Rodenticides(1)	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
608	Rodenticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available

Pathways

0 pathways

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme	P05186	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	35.7328
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Q01959	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1092.69
Click to view 3D structure	Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3	O14638	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	59.0876
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A	Q13627	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	3173.76
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity protein kinase CLK2	P49760	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2886.18
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity protein kinase CLK4	Q9HAZ1	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2887.97
Click to view 3D structure	Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase	P38169	Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast)	Predicted (SEA)	16.8154
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Q99720	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2046.97
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31652	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	983.391
Click to view 3D structure	Streptokinase A	P10520	Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1	Predicted (SEA)	1396.23
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1949.58
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	P28335	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2667.35
Click to view 3D structure	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta	P49841	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	3802.55
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3	O43781	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2112.13
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 4	Q9NR20	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2058.8
Click to view 3D structure	Aromatase	P11511	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	319.415
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	P23977	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	680.636
Click to view 3D structure	Epidermal growth factor receptor	P00533	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	3934.27
Click to view 3D structure	Methionine--tRNA ligase	A0A3N3ZFK4	Enterococcus faecalis	Predicted (SEA)	15.8034
Click to view 3D structure	Methionine--tRNA ligase	P67578	Staphylococcus aureus (strain Mu50 / ATCC 700699)	Predicted (SEA)	15.8034
Click to view 3D structure	Perilipin-1	O60240	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	93.5748
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	P08908	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2825.69
Click to view 3D structure	Transporter	Q63380	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	197.348
Click to view 3D structure	D(3) dopamine receptor	P35462	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2747.92
Click to view 3D structure	D(2) dopamine receptor	P14416	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	3189.25
Click to view 3D structure	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	O75469	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor	P03372	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor beta	Q92731	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	Androgen receptor	P10275	Humans	Known	DDE is also believed to adversely affect the reproductive system by mimicking endogenous hormones and binding to the estrogen and adrogen receptors. (L85)
Click to view 3D structure	Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	P98194	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	P14867	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	P47869	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	P34903	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	P48169	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	P31644	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Q16445	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	P18505	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	P47870	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	P28472	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	O14764	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	P78334	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Q8N1C3	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	P18507	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Q99928	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	O00591	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	P24046	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2	P28476	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3	A8MPY1	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Q9UN88	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2	Q9UL51	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Progesterone receptor	P06401	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1	O14983	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2	P16615	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	P35498	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha	Q9Y5Y9	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha	Q9UI33	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	Q99250	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	Q9NY46	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	P35499	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	Q14524	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha	Q9UQD0	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	Q15858	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel regulatory subunit beta-1	Q07699	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel regulatory subunit beta-2	O60939	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel regulatory subunit beta-3	Q9NY72	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium channel regulatory subunit beta-4	Q8IWT1	Humans	Known	DDE inhibits the inactivation of voltaged-gated sodium channels. The channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization and resulting in a state of hyperexcitability. (A99)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1	P05023	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2	P50993	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3	P13637	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4	Q13733	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1	P05026	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2	P14415	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3	P54709	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma	P54710	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)