Disulfoton (CED0000026)

Disulfoton is an exogenous liquid compound with the formula C8H19O2PS3 and an average molecular weight of 274.40 g/mol. Disulfoton belongs to the dithiophosphate o-esters, a subclass of organic dithiophosphoric acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. It is used as an agrochemical, biocide, and acaricide. Biologically and chemically, disulfoton acts as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor. Its protein targets include acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A), transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1), and one other protein. The toxic metabolites of disulfoton—primarily disulfoton sulfone, disulfoton sulfoxide, demeton S-sulfone, and demeton S-sulfoxide—inhibit acetylcholinesterase in nervous tissue. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine at the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors of nerve synapses, resulting in the overstimulation of effector organs and cholinergic nerves. Disulfoton is found in or released from seven recorded sources. These include food preservation and the preparation of malt within the food, food processing and cookware category. In the electrical and electronic equipment category, it is associated with hybrid capacitors and electrically stimulated smoking devices. Additionally, it is found in household cleaning and consumer products, specifically within perfumes, soaps, detergents, and cigar cigarettes.