Carbon tetrachloride (CED0000032)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC

Update Date

2026-08-26 00:10:07 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM000043

Identification

Common Name

Carbon tetrachloride

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an exogenous organohalogen compound with an average molecular weight of 153.82 g/mol. Carbon tetrachloride belongs to the halomethanes, a subclass of alkyl halides within the organic compounds. At room temperature, this compound exists as a solid. It is used as a refrigerant, an industrial solvent (PMC13367830), an industrial tracer (PMC1247611), and an industrial reagent (PMC8719404). Biologically, it functions as a toxin (PMC10065070) and a hepatotoxic agent. The compound is released from 56 recorded sources, including household cleaning and consumer products, food processing and cookware, electrical and electronic equipment, aquatic systems and sediments, drinking water and water supply, and wastewater, sanitation and biosolids. Recorded exposure routes include touch, oral, and inhalation (PMC12124805). Health effects associated with the compound include inflammation (PMC12618795), liver inflammation (PMC5412192, PMC6746334), hypoglycemia (PMC6961881), low birth weight (PMC7103533), and necrosis (PMC12124805, PMC5241977, PMC6961881), though it has a therapeutic effect on cancer (PMC5956911). Carbon tetrachloride interacts with 33 recorded protein targets. It inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, including ATP2C1, ATP2A1, ATP2A2, and FXYD2, leading to intracellular free calcium ion accumulation and central nervous system stimuli propagation. It antagonizes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at GABA-A receptors, including GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRA3, and GABRA4, causing central nervous system hyperexcitability. Binding to ESR1 and ESR2 causes endocrine disruption in humans. Additionally, metabolism by CYP2E1 may destroy the enzyme, and reactive metabolites may bind to DNA, lipids, and nuclear proteins.

Contaminant Type

Food Toxin
Household Toxin
Human Neurotoxin
Indicator and Reagent
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Organochloride
PMT
Pesticide
Pollutant
Solvent
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
CCL4	ChEBI
Kohlenstofftetrachlorid	ChEBI
Tetra	ChEBI
Tetrachloridocarbon	ChEBI
Tetrachlorkohlenstoff	ChEBI
Tetrachlormethan	ChEBI
Tetrachloromethane	Kegg
Carbon chloride?	HMDB
Carbon tet	HMDB
Carbontetrachloride	HMDB
F10	HMDB
Freon 10	HMDB
Halon 104	HMDB
Halon 1040	HMDB
HSDB 53	HMDB
Methane tetrachloride	HMDB
Necatorine	HMDB
Perchloromethane	HMDB
R10	HMDB
Refrigerant R10	HMDB
Tetrachloro-methane	HMDB
Tetrachloromethane, 9ci	HMDB
Tetrasol	HMDB
Thawpit	HMDB
Univerm	HMDB
Vermoestricid	HMDB
Tetrachloride, carbon	HMDB
Carbon tetrachloride	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

CCl₄

Average Molecular Mass

153.823 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

151.875 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

56-23-5

IUPAC Name

tetrachloromethane

Traditional Name

carbon tetrachloride

SMILES

ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5

InChI Key

VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as halomethanes. These are organic compounds in which at least one of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organohalogen compounds

Class

Alkyl halides

Sub Class

Halomethanes

Direct Parent

Halomethanes

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Halomethane
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organochloride
Alkyl chloride
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

one-carbon compound (CHEBI:27385 )
chloromethanes (CHEBI:27385 )
chlorocarbon (CHEBI:27385 )
a small molecule (CPD-842 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

refrigerant

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

Clear liquid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	28.6°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	0.793 mg/mL at 25°C

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1.81 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.64	ALOGPS
logP	3	ChemAxon
logS	-1.9	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	2.3 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	10.5 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-15e3b1fb84a75b2a20ee	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-3ee1252607af104d66c6	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-388a28717a2eebbdd5b4	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-15e3b1fb84a75b2a20ee	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-3ee1252607af104d66c6	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-388a28717a2eebbdd5b4	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0uxr-0900000000-4fe2cc05b6db2924cea0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-dda6606e2abfbfbd506a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-dda6606e2abfbfbd506a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-dda6606e2abfbfbd506a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-3b7b036324f257103400	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-3b7b036324f257103400	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-3b7b036324f257103400	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-48063fb64f35754c9585	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0900000000-48063fb64f35754c9585	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0gb9-0900000000-735e839c7ffd63d881c7	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-59149e5f4d351d3be4f4	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

Unmetabolized carbon tetrachloride, depresses the central nervous system. All other toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride are related to its biotransformation via cytochrome P-450 enzymes, specifically CYP2E1. Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride by CYP2E1 may result in the destruction of the enzyme during the metabolic process, either by direct attack of radicals on the cytochrome(s) or highly localized lipid peroxidation resulting in detachment of P-450 proteins from the microsomal membranes. Reactive metabolites of carbon tetrachloride causes hepatic damage via haloalkylation of cellular macromolecules and lipid peroxidation. Carbon tetrachloride also perturbs the intracellular calcium homeostasis. Increased cytosolic levels of calcium may result from an influx of extracellular calcium caused by plasma membrane damage and decreased intracellular calcium sequestering. Higher levels of calcium activate enzymes such as proteases, which hydrolyze proteins in neighboring cells, leading to a progression of the lesion. Carbon tetrachloride's carcinogenicity is likely the result of certain reactive metabolites that bind to nuclear proteins, lipids, and DNA. (8, 5)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (7)

Minimum Risk Level

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.03 ppm (6) Chronic Inhalation: 0.03 ppm (6) Acute Oral: 0.02 mg/kg/day (6) Intermediate Oral: 0.007 mg/kg/day (6)

Symptoms

Carbon tetrachloride exposure causes headaches, dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, and vomiting. (5)

Treatment

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Unit	Value Range	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Reference
2800.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Rat	LD50	Oral	experimental	T21

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
inflammation	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12618795
cancer	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC5956911
low birth weight	associated_with	Not Available	PMC7103533
necrosis	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12124805 , PMC5241977 , PMC6961881
liver inflammation	associated_with	Not Available	PMC5412192 , PMC6746334
hypoglycemia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC6961881
hepatic fibrosis	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12947462

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
3	Irrigation water	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
10	Insecticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
27	Water Coolers	Appliances, HVAC & refrigerants	Not Available
43	Water heaters	Appliances, HVAC & refrigerants	Not Available
50	Groundwater	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
51	Surface water	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
52	Seawater	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
53	Freshwater	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
70	Stormwater runoff	Automotive & urban infrastructure	Not Available
88	Waterproofing sprays	Building & Construction	Not Available
115	Drinking water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
116	Tap water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
117	Bottled water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
118	Desalinated water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
181	Ballast water	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
182	Bilge water	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
233	Brushes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
468	Industrial wastewater	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
470	Wastewater treatment effluent	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
475	Mine wastewater	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
477	Wastewater, unspecified	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
497	Floors	Building & Construction	Not Available
498	Ladders	Building & Construction	Not Available
504	Adjustable Resistors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
506	Antennas	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
507	Auxiliary Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
510	Communication Cables Or Conductors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
513	Cores Yokes Or Armatures	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
514	Discharge Lamps	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
515	Discharge Tubes With Liquid Pool Cathodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
517	Electric Switches	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
519	Electrodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
523	Gas Filled Discharge Tubes With Solid Cathode	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
524	Hybrid Capacitors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
529	Power Cables	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
531	Relays	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
533	Sparking Plugs	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
534	Still Video Cameras	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
535	Superconducting Magnets And Superconducting Coils	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
537	Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
538	Thin Magnetic Films	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
544	Fermentation Processes For Beer	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
545	Food Preservation	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
548	Preparation Of Vinegar	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
550	Preparation Of Wort	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
551	Processing Fish	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
553	Treatment Of Hops	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
555	Bleaching Agents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
556	Cigar Cigarettes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
560	Other Smoking Requisites	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
562	Pipe Accessories	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
563	Soap Detergents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
569	Tobacco Smoke Filters	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
581	Paper Making Machines	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
584	Buoys	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
592	Marine Propulsion Or Steering	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
596	Acaricides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
597	Chemosterilants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
600	Herbicides And Algicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
602	Molluscicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
603	Nematocides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
604	Pest Attractants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
605	Pest Repellants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
606	Plant Growth Regulators	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
609	Aftershave	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
610	Aftersun Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
612	Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
615	Eye Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
617	Lip Care Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
618	Lip Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
631	Anthraquinone Dyes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
632	Apparel	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
638	Decorating Textiles	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
639	Degreasing Leather	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
640	Embroidering And Tufting	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
641	Foam Dyeing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
642	Footwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
643	Headwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
647	Multicolour Dyeing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
649	Pins Clothes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
652	Ropes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
653	Sewing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
655	Slide Fasteners	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
657	Surface Finishing Of Leather	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
659	Transfer Printing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
662	Yarns Or Threads	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available

Pathways

0 pathways

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Type IV secretion-like conjugative transfer relaxase protein TraI	B1LRJ1	Escherichia coli (strain SMS-3-5 / SECEC)	Predicted (SEA)	0.389246
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor beta	Q92731	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor	P03372	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Androgen receptor	P15207	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	7783.52
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Bile salt-activated lipase	P19835	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7139.47
Click to view 3D structure	Cocaine esterase	O00748	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.22
Click to view 3D structure	Liver carboxylesterase 1	P23141	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7783.91
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2C19	P33261	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase	Q4QKG6	Haemophilus influenzae (strain 86-028NP)	Predicted (SEA)	7547.25
Click to view 3D structure	Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3	P52333	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Rho-associated protein kinase 1	Q13464	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.77
Click to view 3D structure	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3	P51812	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Streptokinase A	P10520	Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	G-protein coupled receptor 55	Q9Y2T6	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 1A2	P05177	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P06276	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Q01959	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1	P11309	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha	P49840	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1	O14757	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	LIM domain kinase 1	P53667	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta	P49841	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity protein kinase CLK2	P49760	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor	P03372	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor beta	Q92731	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	P98194	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2E1	P05181	Humans	Known	Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride by CYP2E1 may result in the destruction of the enzyme during the metabolic process, either by direct attack of radicals on the cytochrome(s) or highly localized lipid peroxidation resulting in detachment of P-450 proteins from the microsomal membranes. (L129)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	P14867	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	P47869	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	P34903	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	P48169	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	P31644	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Q16445	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	P18505	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	P47870	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	P28472	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	O14764	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	P78334	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Q8N1C3	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	P18507	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Q99928	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	O00591	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	P24046	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2	P28476	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3	A8MPY1	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Q9UN88	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1	O14983	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2	P16615	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1	P05023	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2	P50993	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3	P13637	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4	Q13733	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1	P05026	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2	P14415	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3	P54709	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma	P54710	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)