Endosulfan (CED0000038)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-06 18:57:59 UTC

Update Date

2026-08-25 17:30:50 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM000050

Identification

Common Name

Endosulfan

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Endosulfan belongs to the organic sulfites, a subclass of organic oxoanionic compounds within the organic compounds. This exogenous solid has the formula C9H6Cl6O3S and an average molecular weight of 406.93 g/mol. It is utilized as an industrial biocide (PMC12196845, PMC4145850, PMC8503819), a biological and industrial insecticide (PMC10048192, PMC4503305, PMC12196845, PMC6826260), a biological acaricide (PMC10048192), and a biological and industrial pesticide (PMC5393290, PMC3999359). It is further classified as an organochlorine pesticide (PMC3999359, PMC12196845), an organochlorine insecticide (PMC10048192, PMC4503305, PMC12196845, PMC6826260), a biological neurotoxin (PMC3999359), and an environmental persistent organic pollutant (PMC12196845). Endosulfan is recorded in 45 sources, including drinking water, household cleaning and consumer products, electrical and electronic equipment, building and construction, food processing, and household items. Exposure occurs through oral, touch, and inhalation routes, the latter of which is supported by literature (PMC12196845, PMC5464684). As an endocrine disruptor, it acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor and inhibits the estrogen receptor (ESR1, ESR2). It also antagonizes GABA-A receptors by blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, leading to intracellular free calcium accumulation, hyperexcitation, and generalized seizures. Other protein targets include NR1I2, RARA, ABCB1, and CYP2B6. Health effects associated with endosulfan include cancer (PMC12196845), breast cancer (PMC12196845, PMC3999359), Parkinson's disease (PMC3999359), and neurodegenerative diseases such as epilepsy and memory impairment (PMC6826260). It is linked to an increase in anencephaly (PMC12196845), low birth weight (PMC3447581), and renal failure (PMC12196845). Acute effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, agitation, dizziness, confusion, cognitive impairment, hypotension, thrombocytopenia, hyperthermia, metabolic acidosis, respiratory failure, and multiple organ failure (PMC12196845). Additionally, it is found in elevated blood levels in cases of breast cancer (PMC8460037).

Contaminant Type

Food Toxin
Herbicide
Human Neurotoxin
Organic Compound
Organochloride
Pesticide
Pollutant
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol cyclic sulfite	ChEBI
1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-8,9,10-trinorborn-5-en-2,3-ylenedimethyl sulphite	ChEBI
1,9,10,11,12,12-Hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5-thiatricyclo[7.2.1.0(2,8)]dodec-10-ene 5-oxide	ChEBI
alpha,beta-1,2,3,4,7,7-Hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite	ChEBI
Benzoepin	ChEBI
1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol cyclic sulphite	Generator
1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-8,9,10-trinorborn-5-en-2,3-ylenedimethyl sulfite	Generator
a,b-1,2,3,4,7,7-Hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite	Generator
a,b-1,2,3,4,7,7-Hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulphite	Generator
alpha,beta-1,2,3,4,7,7-Hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulphite	Generator
Α,β-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite	Generator
Α,β-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulphite	Generator
endoSulphan	Generator
Thiotox	MeSH, HMDB
Thiodan	MeSH, HMDB
beta-Endosulfan	MeSH, HMDB
Thiodon	MeSH, HMDB
alpha Endosulfan	MeSH, HMDB
alpha-Endosulfan	MeSH, HMDB
beta Endosulfan	MeSH, HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₉H₆Cl₆O₃S

Average Molecular Mass

406.925 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

403.817 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

115-29-7

IUPAC Name

1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5λ⁴-thiatricyclo[7.2.1.0²,⁸]dodec-10-en-5-one

Traditional Name

endosulfan

SMILES

ClC1=C(Cl)C2(Cl)C3COS(=O)OCC3C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H6Cl6O3S/c10-5-6(11)8(13)4-2-18-19(16)17-1-3(4)7(5,12)9(8,14)15/h3-4H,1-2H2

InChI Key

RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfite esters. These are organic compounds containing an organic group attached to the sulfite oxoanion, with the formula R[SO3]2-.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organic oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Organic sulfites

Direct Parent

Sulfite esters

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Sulfite ester
Oxacycle
Chloroalkene
Haloalkene
Organoheterocyclic compound
Vinyl halide
Vinyl chloride
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organochloride
Organohalogen compound
Alkyl halide
Alkyl chloride
Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

cyclic sulfite ester (CHEBI:4791 )
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide (CHEBI:4791 )
Organochlorine pesticides (C11090 )
Organochlorine insecticides (C11090 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Actin Cytoskeleton
Cell junction
Cytoskeleton
Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum
Extracellular
Lysosome
Membrane
Membrane Fraction
Microsome
Mitochondrial Matrix
Mitochondrion
Nucleolus
Peroxisome
Plasma Membrane
Ribosome
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Secretory vesicle

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

Cream- to brown-colored solid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	106°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	0.000325 mg/mL at 22 °C [TOMLIN,C (1994)]

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.28 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	4.32	ALOGPS
logP	2.6	ChemAxon
logS	-3.2	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-5.5	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	35.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	76.98 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	31.81 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-6839000000-c9547e9129c46466e951	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0001900000-14803a5488f7b5642868	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0009000000-c53d9213cf67e512f24a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0fy9-3019000000-b61f370914dcbdd006e0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0001900000-4a6457e8c8712884b840	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udr-1009700000-1f6854b3041bccaaf5b0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-2009000000-0d683166427dc5b15175	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0000900000-2eefcdeb338309d303ac	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0000900000-2eefcdeb338309d303ac	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0108900000-cbd073f44cae72c878ea	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0000900000-e2d19f5f0adc47d59a36	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0000900000-62f46a28d1c6ad7c7173	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0ue9-4000900000-3f8af71ab3b467356262	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-00kn-2691000000-d66e2736219436d73395	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. Endosulfan also inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. Endosulfan is also an endocrine disruptor and acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor and estrogen receptors. (8, 4, 5, 1, 3)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (6) Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (6)

Symptoms

Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning include hyperactivity, hyperreflexia, tremors, dizziness, headache, convulsions, lack of coordination, staggering, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, unconsciousness. (8, 4, 5)

Treatment

Treatment is symptomatic, aimed at controlling convulsions, coma, and respiratory depression. If ingested, gastric lavage may be performed, followed by administering activated charcoal powder. (7)

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Unit	Value Range	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Reference
18.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Rat	LD50	Oral	experimental	T14
34.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Rat	LD50	Dermal	experimental	T14
8.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Rat	LD50	Intraperitoneal	experimental	T14
360.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Rabbit	LD50	Subcutaneous	experimental	T14
80.0	mg/m3	Not Available	Rat	LC50	Inhalation (4 hours)	experimental	T14

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
cancer	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
dizziness	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845 , PMC12196845
breast cancer	elevated_in_blood_in	increase	PMC8460037
breast cancer	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845 , PMC3999359
low birth weight	associated_with	Not Available	PMC3447581
renal failure	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
thrombocytopenia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
headache	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
respiratory failure	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
nausea	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
vomiting	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
multiple organ failure	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
cognitive impairment	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
acute renal failure	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
memory impairment	associated_with	Not Available	PMC6826260
hypotension	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
epilepsy	associated_with	Not Available	PMC6826260
Parkinson's disease	associated_with	Not Available	PMC3999359
neurodegenerative disease	associated_with	Not Available	PMC6826260
anencephaly	associated_with	increase	PMC12196845
metabolic acidosis	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845 , PMC12196845
confusion	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
agitation	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
hyperthermia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
status epilepticus	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845 , PMC12196845 , PMC12196845
spina bifida	associated_with	increase	PMC12196845
disseminated intravascular coagulation	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845
malignant hyperthermia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12196845

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
7	Pesticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
10	Insecticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
115	Drinking water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
233	Brushes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
495	Ceilings	Building & Construction	Not Available
497	Floors	Building & Construction	Not Available
500	Stairs And Ramps	Building & Construction	Not Available
503	Tents Or Canopies	Building & Construction	Not Available
504	Adjustable Resistors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
505	Amplifiers	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
506	Antennas	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
507	Auxiliary Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
508	Coils	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
509	Colour Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
513	Cores Yokes Or Armatures	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
514	Discharge Lamps	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
515	Discharge Tubes With Liquid Pool Cathodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
516	Electric Hearing Aids	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
517	Electric Switches	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
519	Electrodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
520	Emergency Protective Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
524	Hybrid Capacitors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
525	Line Transmission Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
526	Loudspeakers	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
527	Magnets	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
528	Microphones	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
530	Radio Transmission Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
531	Relays	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
533	Sparking Plugs	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
536	Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission Lines	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
537	Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
539	Video Games	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
540	X Ray Tubes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
545	Food Preservation	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
546	Molasses And Treatment Of Molasses	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
547	Preparation Of Malt	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
553	Treatment Of Hops	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
556	Cigar Cigarettes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
563	Soap Detergents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
567	Tobacco Product Cases	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
569	Tobacco Smoke Filters	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
572	Credit Card Holders	Household items	Not Available
573	Key Rings	Household items	Not Available
578	Making Cigars	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
581	Paper Making Machines	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
583	Anchoring Equipment	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
592	Marine Propulsion Or Steering	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
596	Acaricides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
597	Chemosterilants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
598	Fertiliser Distributors	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
600	Herbicides And Algicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
602	Molluscicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
603	Nematocides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
604	Pest Attractants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
605	Pest Repellants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
606	Plant Growth Regulators	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
607	Rodenticides(1)	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
608	Rodenticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
609	Aftershave	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
610	Aftersun Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
613	Depilatories	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
615	Eye Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
617	Lip Care Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
618	Lip Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
619	Manicure Pedicure	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
621	Chutes And Slides	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
624	Merry Go Rounds	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
630	Toys	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
632	Apparel	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
638	Decorating Textiles	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
642	Footwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
652	Ropes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
653	Sewing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
658	Touch Fasteners	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available

Pathways

6 pathways

Apoptosis

Proteasome

Oxidative phosphorylation

Ovarian Steroidogenesis

Cell cycle

Antiviral Agents

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	GABA receptor subunit	Q75NA5	Musca domestica	Predicted (SEA)	0.0778492
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	P28472	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	0.0778492
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	P24046	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	0.311397
Click to view 3D structure	histidine kinase	O32393	Arthrospira platensis	Predicted (SEA)	0.389246
Click to view 3D structure	Presenilin-2	P49810	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	185.203
Click to view 3D structure	Type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase Ndh	P95160	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Predicted (SEA)	1096.12
Click to view 3D structure	Type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase NdhA	P95200	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Predicted (SEA)	1096.12
Click to view 3D structure	Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform	Q76MZ3	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	29.0378
Click to view 3D structure	WD repeat-containing protein 91	A4D1P6	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1589.68
Click to view 3D structure	Bile salt-activated lipase	P19835	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	595.78
Click to view 3D structure	Signal transduction protein TRAP	Q7A2Q4	Staphylococcus aureus (strain Mu50 / ATCC 700699)	Predicted (SEA)	2100.37
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Q99720	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7747.48
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A4	P08684	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7775.42
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial	G2YM83	Botryotinia fuckeliana (strain T4) (Noble rot fungus) (Botrytiscinerea)	Predicted (SEA)	3224.9
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P41595	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7762.03
Click to view 3D structure	Leukotriene B4 receptor 1	O88855	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	2153.93
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7745.69
Click to view 3D structure	CviR transcriptional regulator	D3W065	Chromobacterium violaceum	Predicted (SEA)	2730.48
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2C9	P11712	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7773.32
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2D6	P10635	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7773.71
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma intracellular receptor 2	Q5BJF2	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7742.73
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	P08908	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7760.4
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P41145	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7769.9
Click to view 3D structure	Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	P07306	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	447.399
Click to view 3D structure	D(4) dopamine receptor	P21917	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7747.09
Click to view 3D structure	Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	O75469	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor	P03372	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	P08183	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor beta	Q92731	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	P28472	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	P18505	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	P24046	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	P98194	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	P14061	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	P14867	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	P47869	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	P34903	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	P48169	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	P31644	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Q16445	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	P47870	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	O14764	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	P78334	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Q8N1C3	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	P18507	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Q99928	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	O00591	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2	P28476	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3	A8MPY1	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Q9UN88	Humans	Known	Endosulfan antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Progesterone receptor	P06401	Humans	Known	Endosulfan is an endocrine disruptor and acts as an agonist at the progesterone receptor. (A114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1	O14983	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2	P16615	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1	P05023	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2	P50993	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3	P13637	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4	Q13733	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1	P05026	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2	P14415	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3	P54709	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma	P54710	Humans	Known	Endosulfan inhibits Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the CNS. This results in hyperexcitation and generalized seizures. (L114)
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A5	P20815	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Retinoic acid receptor alpha	P10276	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Oxysterols receptor LXR-beta	P55055	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2C19	P33261	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2B6	P20813	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A4	P08684	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Sulfotransferase 2A1	Q06520	Humans	Known	Not Available