1,2-Dichloroethane (CED0003600)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 17:51:33 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM000079

Identification

Common Name

1,2-Dichloroethane

Class

Small Molecule

Description

1,2-Dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2) is an exogenous organic compound with an average molecular weight of 98.96 g/mol. It exists as a liquid at room temperature. 1,2-Dichloroethane belongs to the organochlorides, a class of organohalogen compounds within the organic compounds. This compound serves as an industrial solvent (PMC6644369), a non-polar chemical solvent, and a biocide. Biologically, it functions as a mutagen and an electron acceptor (PMC91463). It is used in the production of Polyvinyl Chloride. Recorded sources of the compound include aquatic systems and sediments, drinking water and water supply, building and construction materials, household cleaning and consumer products, electrical and electronic equipment, and food, food processing and cookware. Exposure routes include oral, touch, and inhalation (PMC13303702). 1,2-Dichloroethane interacts with 34 recorded protein targets. It irreversibly inhibits protein disulfide-isomerase (P4HB) via alkylation by its glutathione conjugate, S-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione. It antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at GABA-A receptors, including GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRA3, and GABRA4, causing central nervous system hyperexcitability. Additionally, it inhibits Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, including ATP2C1, ATP2A1, ATP2A2, and FXYD2, which leads to the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. The compound also binds to and inhibits the estrogen receptor (ESR1 and ESR2), causing endocrine disruption in humans. Finally, it targets haloalkane dehalogenase (linB).

Contaminant Type

Food Toxin
Human Neurotoxin
Industrial Precursor/Intermediate
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Organochloride
PMT
Pollutant
Solvent
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,2-DCE	ChEBI
1,2-Dichloraethan	ChEBI
alpha,beta-Dichloroethane	ChEBI
Aethylenchlorid	ChEBI
Aethylendichlorid	ChEBI
DCE	ChEBI
EDC	ChEBI
Ethane dichloride	ChEBI
Ethylene chloride	ChEBI
Ethylene dichloride	ChEBI
Glycol dichloride	ChEBI
a,b-Dichloroethane	Generator
Α,β-dichloroethane	Generator
-Dichloroethane	HMDB
alpha,Bet	HMDB
EDC, jmaf	HMDB
Ethylene dichloride, bsi, iso	HMDB
R 150	HMDB
S-Dichloroethane	HMDB
Ethylene dichloride, 14C-labeled	HMDB
Ethylene dichloride, 14c2-labeled	HMDB
Ethylene dichloride, 38CL-labeled	HMDB
Ethylene dichloride, ion (1+)	HMDB
Ethylene dichloride, 36CL-labeled	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₂H₄Cl₂

Average Molecular Mass

98.959 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

97.969 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

107-06-2

IUPAC Name

1,2-dichloroethane

Traditional Name

ethylene dichloride

SMILES

ClCCCl

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C2H4Cl2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2

InChI Key

WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organochlorides. Organochlorides are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a chlorine atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organohalogen compounds

Class

Organochlorides

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Organochlorides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hydrocarbon derivative
Organochloride
Alkyl halide
Alkyl chloride
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

chloroethanes (CHEBI:27789 )
a small molecule (12-DICHLOROETHANE )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

non-polar solvent

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

non-polar solvent

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Colorless liquid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	-35.3°C
Boiling Point	83.5°C (182.3°F)
Solubility	8.6 mg/mL at 25°C

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	5.94 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.48	ALOGPS
logP	1.5	ChemAxon
logS	-1.2	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	20.66 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	8.5 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-9bbb890df5219b043356	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03fr-9000000000-19f59c151d600b711587	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03dj-9000000000-cbc052552f77ec2f97a6	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-9bbb890df5219b043356	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03fr-9000000000-19f59c151d600b711587	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03dj-9000000000-cbc052552f77ec2f97a6	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-03dj-9000000000-88cef94bf1846b5d34d9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-9000000000-b5b7e1770ab8a271c6d6	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-9000000000-fd57772305c022d82985	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-ddbe80583756fee90161	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-9000000000-cb22ed7a81fc38732cd6	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03dj-9000000000-f0ecd965b1dda1f68452	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03dj-9000000000-1fe65ee899de77eb1cba	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-49da63999fce36878c51	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-49da63999fce36878c51	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-49da63999fce36878c51	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-9000000000-ca3fe037ee604d0d2b72	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-9000000000-c2fa753da65a4bac80a1	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-9000000000-104d63097edfa448f7a8	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-d96c34ebc6d42291a785	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

1,2-Dichloroethane is metabolized to 2-chloroacetaldehyde, S-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione by conjugation with glutathione, and to other putative reactive intermediates capable of binding covalently to cellular macromolecules in the liver, kidney, and other tissues. The conjugation of 1,2-dichloroethane with glutathione is catalyzed primarily by glutathione S-transferases. 1,2-Dichloroethane appears to be activated to mutagenic species to a lesser extent by the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. Reactive metabolites of 1,2-dichloroethane produced by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 can bind to cellular proteins and DNA. It has been suggested that 1,2-dichloroethane-induced toxicity occurs when the biotransformation processes are saturated, thereby allowing higher levels of 1,2-dichloroethane to circulate throughout the body and conjugate with glutathione instead of being detoxified and eliminated. (5, 1)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (4)

Minimum Risk Level

Chronic Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (3) Intermediate Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (3)

Symptoms

1,2-Dichloroethane exposure causes abdominal pain, coughing, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, sore throat, diarrhea, unconsciousness, and vomiting, depending on the contact surface and the intensity. Redness of the eyes or skin occurs upon contact. (6)

Treatment

Blood gases should be monitored, a good ventilation maintained, and cardiac arrhythmias observed for a minimum of 24 hours. In the event of a ventricular arrhythmia, lidocaine or beta-blockers could be administered. Serum creatinine, hepatic aminotransferase, electrolytes, and fluid balance for signs of hepatic or renal failure should be monitored. Dialysis may be helpful in the event of renal failure. Hepatic failure may be treated with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, low protein diet, neomycin, and lactulose. (5)

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Unit	Value Range	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Reference
680.0	mg/kg	Not Available	Rat	LD50	Oral	experimental	L156
489.0	mg/kg	[489:413]	Mouse	LD50	Oral	experimental	L156

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
sick building syndrome	associated_with	increase	PMC3709330

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
3	Irrigation water	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
10	Insecticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
27	Water Coolers	Appliances, HVAC & refrigerants	Not Available
43	Water heaters	Appliances, HVAC & refrigerants	Not Available
50	Groundwater	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
51	Surface water	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
52	Seawater	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
53	Freshwater	Aquatic systems & sediments	Not Available
70	Stormwater runoff	Automotive & urban infrastructure	Not Available
88	Waterproofing sprays	Building & Construction	Not Available
115	Drinking water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
116	Tap water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
117	Bottled water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
118	Desalinated water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
181	Ballast water	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
182	Bilge water	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
233	Brushes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
468	Industrial wastewater	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
470	Wastewater treatment effluent	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
475	Mine wastewater	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
477	Wastewater, unspecified	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
495	Ceilings	Building & Construction	Not Available
496	Fencing	Building & Construction	Not Available
497	Floors	Building & Construction	Not Available
499	Roofs	Building & Construction	Not Available
505	Amplifiers	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
506	Antennas	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
507	Auxiliary Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
510	Communication Cables Or Conductors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
514	Discharge Lamps	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
516	Electric Hearing Aids	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
517	Electric Switches	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
519	Electrodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
520	Emergency Protective Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
524	Hybrid Capacitors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
525	Line Transmission Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
527	Magnets	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
529	Power Cables	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
530	Radio Transmission Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
537	Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
539	Video Games	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
544	Fermentation Processes For Beer	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
545	Food Preservation	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
548	Preparation Of Vinegar	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
550	Preparation Of Wort	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
552	Processing Meats	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
553	Treatment Of Hops	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
555	Bleaching Agents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
556	Cigar Cigarettes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
560	Other Smoking Requisites	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
563	Soap Detergents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
569	Tobacco Smoke Filters	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
581	Paper Making Machines	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
583	Anchoring Equipment	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
592	Marine Propulsion Or Steering	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
596	Acaricides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
600	Herbicides And Algicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
602	Molluscicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
603	Nematocides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
604	Pest Attractants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
605	Pest Repellants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
606	Plant Growth Regulators	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
610	Aftersun Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
613	Depilatories	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
615	Eye Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
618	Lip Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
632	Apparel	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
633	Azo Dyes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
638	Decorating Textiles	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
640	Embroidering And Tufting	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
642	Footwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
643	Headwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
647	Multicolour Dyeing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
648	Nitro Dyes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
652	Ropes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
653	Sewing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
657	Surface Finishing Of Leather	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
659	Transfer Printing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
662	Yarns Or Threads	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available

Pathways

0 pathways

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20	Q9FG87	Arabidopsis thaliana	Predicted (SEA)	14.2464
Click to view 3D structure	Putative agmatine deiminase	Q8DW17	Streptococcus mutans serotype c (strain ATCC 700610 / UA159)	Predicted (SEA)	79.1727
Click to view 3D structure	Protein RecA	P9WHJ3	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Predicted (SEA)	7776.67
Click to view 3D structure	Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	Q63016	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	5124.11
Click to view 3D structure	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	P0DTD1	SARS-CoV-2	Predicted (SEA)	7784.22
Click to view 3D structure	Adenosine receptor A2b	P29275	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7783.52
Click to view 3D structure	Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2	O60674	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.46
Click to view 3D structure	Heat shock factor protein 1	P38532	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	7783.6
Click to view 3D structure	3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 18	Q38860	Arabidopsis thaliana	Predicted (SEA)	4550.13
Click to view 3D structure	Adenosine receptor A2b	P29276	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	7778.46
Click to view 3D structure	DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein	P35639	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	7784.07
Click to view 3D structure	X-box-binding protein 1	P17861	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.07
Click to view 3D structure	ATP-dependent molecular chaperone HSP82	C4YTQ8	Candida albicans (strain WO-1) (Yeast)	Predicted (SEA)	7784.22
Click to view 3D structure	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF4	P78317	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	6816.79
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Q60492	Cavia porcellus	Predicted (SEA)	7784.38
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	O75762	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7783.91
Click to view 3D structure	Histamine H3 receptor	Q9Y5N1	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Adenosine receptor A1	P25099	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	7784.22
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Q01959	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Folliculin-interacting protein 1	Q8TF40	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	6691.06
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate (NMDA) receptor subunit zeta 1	O19067	Sus scrofa	Predicted (SEA)	6697.21
Click to view 3D structure	Complement component 3a receptor 1, isoform CRA_a	A8K2H7	Homo sapiens	Predicted (SEA)	7491.51
Click to view 3D structure	Streptokinase A	P10520	Streptococcus pyogenes serotype M1	Predicted (SEA)	7784.46
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor	P03372	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	Estrogen receptor beta	Q92731	Humans	Known	Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor. (A590)
Click to view 3D structure	Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	P98194	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	P14867	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	P47869	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	P34903	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	P48169	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	P31644	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Q16445	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	P18505	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	P47870	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	P28472	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	O14764	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	P78334	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Q8N1C3	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	P18507	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Q99928	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	O00591	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	P24046	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2	P28476	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3	A8MPY1	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Q9UN88	Humans	Known	This organochloride antagonizes the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at the GABA-A receptors, effectively blocking the GABA-induced uptake of chloride ions and causing hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein disulfide-isomerase	P07237	Humans	Known	S-(2-chloroethyl)glutathione, one of the glutathione conjugates of 1,2-dichloroethane, is known to irreversibly inhibit protein disulfide-isomerase via alkylation. (A132)
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1	O14983	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2	P16615	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1	P05023	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2	P50993	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3	P13637	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4	Q13733	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1	P05026	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2	P14415	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3	P54709	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma	P54710	Humans	Known	This organochloride inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ and Mg2+ ATPase, which are essential for the transport of calcium across membranes. This results in the accumulation of intracellular free calcium ions, which promotes release of neurotransmitters from storage vesicles, the subsequent depolarization of adjacent neurons, and the propagation of stimuli throughout the central nervous system. (T10)