Ammonia (CED0000670)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-03-06 18:58:11 UTC
Update Date2026-04-14 18:08:26 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM000144
Identification
Common NameAmmonia
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Ammonia (H3N) is an endogenous compound with an average molecular weight of 17.03 g/mol that exists as a liquid at room temperature. Ammonia belongs to the homogeneous other non-metal compounds, a class of homogeneous non-metal compounds within the inorganic compounds. It is detected in all tissues and acts as a metabolite, biomarker (PMC8469947), and neurotoxin. Biologically, it serves as a base (PMC12595474), Lewis base (PMC12985915), inhibitor (PMC8157138), and electron donor (PMC10961847). It also functions as a nucleophilic reagent, an EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor, and an explosive (PMC11546596). Its protein targets include the Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) and Complement C3, with which it can chemically interact to activate the alternative complement pathway. Industrial and environmental applications of ammonia include its use as a refrigerant, deodorizer, pH regulating agent, preservative, fuel (PMC9170864), fertilizer (PMC11745158), and as a flavouring and nutrient (PMC13076995, PMC4592732). It is used in the production of Polyamide and serves as an environmental nutrient (PMC13076995, PMC4592732) and buffer (PMC2693372). It is released from various sources, including electrical equipment, food processing, household cleaning products, building materials, and household items. Inhalation is a supported exposure route (PMC3683184). Ammonia is associated with health effects such as bronchitis (PMC3683184), edema (PMC8977348), asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PMC12656412), pneumonia and vomiting (PMC11480432), seizure (PMC1492602), fatigue (PMC5345970), cancer and infertility (PMC10203682), and general disease (PMC7097880). Blood levels are elevated in cases of hepatitis (PMC9886801), liver cirrhosis (PMC10048484), colorectal cancer (PMC13244269), and during episodes of coma, headache, irritability, and vomiting (PMC7973716). Additionally, it is a biomarker for hepatic dysfunction, renal insufficiency (PMC8469947), and renal failure (PMC9170864).
Contaminant Type
  • Fertilizer
  • Food Toxin
  • Household Toxin
  • Human Neurotoxin
  • Industrial Precursor/Intermediate
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Inorganic Compound
  • Lachrymator
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Non-Metal
  • Organic Compound
Chemical Structure
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
[NH3]ChEBI
AmmoniacChEBI
AmmoniakChEBI
AmoniacoChEBI
NH3ChEBI
R-717ChEBI
Spirit OF hartshornChEBI
Ammonia anhydrousHMDB
Ammonia inhalantHMDB
Ammonia solution strongHMDB
Ammonia waterHMDB
Liquid ammoniaHMDB
Am-folHMDB
Ammonia (CONC 20% or greater)HMDB
Ammonia gasHMDB
Ammonia solutionHMDB
Ammonia solution strong (NF)HMDB
Ammonia water (JP15)HMDB
Ammoniacum gummiHMDB
Ammoniak kconzentrierterHMDB
AmmoniakgasHMDB
Ammonium ionHMDB
Anhydrous ammoniaHMDB
Aromatic ammonia vaporoleHMDB
AzaneHMDB
NH(3)HMDB
Nitro-silHMDB
Primaeres aminHMDB
Sekundaeres aminHMDB
Tertiaeres aminHMDB
Chemical FormulaH3N
Average Molecular Mass17.031 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass17.027 g/mol
CAS Registry Number7664-41-7
IUPAC Nameammonia
Traditional Nameammonia
SMILESN
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/H3N/h1H3
InChI KeyQGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassHomogeneous non-metal compounds
ClassHomogeneous other non-metal compounds
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentHomogeneous other non-metal compounds
Alternative ParentsNot Available
Substituents
  • Homogeneous other non metal
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • All Tissues
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical Roles
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceColorless gas.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point-77.7°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility482 mg/mL at 24°C [DEAN,JA (1985)]
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.98ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.86ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area13.59 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity15.51 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability1.99 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-92ab2d6b6fd9cfb23ac7Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-88ae09421d46f7dea1c5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-88ae09421d46f7dea1c5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-88ae09421d46f7dea1c5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-5e750288766bc8c562ffNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-5e750288766bc8c562ffNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-5e750288766bc8c562ffNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-4d3180e05bafd704562fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-4d3180e05bafd704562fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-4d3180e05bafd704562fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-e1d016c3d6effe2294d2Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-e1d016c3d6effe2294d2Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-e1d016c3d6effe2294d2Not AvailableView Spectrum
MSMS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-e0a6e51ead158714099bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Mechanism of ToxicityThe topical damage caused by ammonia is probably due mainly to its alkaline properties. Its high water solubility allows it to dissolve in moisture on the mucous membranes, skin, and eyes, forming ammonium hydroxide. Ammonium hydroxide causes saponification of cell membrane lipids, resulting in cell disruption and death. Additionally, it extracts water from the cells and initiates an inflammatory response, which further damages the surrounding tissues. Excess circulating levels of ammonia (hyperammonemia) can cause serious neurological effects. This is thought to involve the alteration of glutamate metabolism in the brain and resultant increased activation of NMDA receptors, which causes decreased protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of Na+/K+ ATPase, increased activity of Na+/K+ ATPase, and depletion of ATP. Ammonia can chemically interact with an internal thiolester bond of complement 3 (C3). This causes a conformation change in C3, which activates the alternative complement pathway, causing the release of chemoattractants and the assembly of the membrane attack complex of complement. The altered C3 can also bind directly to phagocyte complement receptors, which causes the release of toxic oxygen species. (29) Severe hyperammonemia is characterized by serum ammonia levels greater than 1000 μmol/L
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk LevelAcute Inhalation: 1.7 ppm (28) Chronic Inhalation: 0.1 ppm (28)
SymptomsAcute exposure leads to irritation and burning at the site of exposure. (29) Symptoms include cough, chest pain (severe), chest tightness, difficulty breathing and wheezing, tearing and burning of eyes, temporary blindness, throat pain (severe), mouth pain, lip swelling, heart and blood, rapid, weak pulse, collapse and shock. Chronic exposure: Symptoms of hyperammonia include: lethargy, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting and seizures. Signs and symptoms of late-onset hyperammonemia (later in life) may include intermittent ataxia, intellectual impairment, failure to thrive, gait abnormality, behavior disturbances, epilepsy, recurrent Reye syndrome and protein avoidance.
TreatmentAcute Exposure: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. Chronic Exposure: Intravenous arginine (argininosuccinase deficiency), sodium phenylbutyrate and sodium benzoate (ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency) are pharmacologic agents commonly used as adjunctive therapy to treat hyperammonemia in patients.
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueUnitValue RangeOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalReference
350.0mg/kgNot AvailableRatLD50OralexperimentalA591
3360.0mg/m3Not AvailableMouseLC50Inhalation (1 hour)experimentalA591
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionReference
cancerassociated_withNot AvailablePMC10203682
renal failureis_biomarker_ofNot AvailablePMC9170864
bronchitisassociated_withNot AvailablePMC3683184
colorectal cancerelevated_in_blood_inincreasePMC13244269
infertilityassociated_withNot AvailablePMC10203682
fatigueassociated_withNot AvailablePMC5345970
asthmaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC12656412
headacheelevated_in_blood_inincreasePMC7973716
liver cirrhosiselevated_in_blood_inincreasePMC10048484
hepatitiselevated_in_blood_inNot AvailablePMC9886801
vomitingelevated_in_blood_inincreasePMC7973716
vomitingassociated_withNot AvailablePMC11480432
edemaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC8977348
seizureassociated_withNot AvailablePMC1492602
pneumoniaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC11480432
renal insufficiencyis_biomarker_ofNot AvailablePMC8469947
diseaseassociated_withNot AvailablePMC7097880
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisassociated_withNot AvailablePMC12656412
hepatic dysfunctionis_biomarker_ofNot AvailablePMC8469947
irritabilityelevated_in_blood_inincreasePMC7973716
comaelevated_in_blood_inincreasePMC7973716
pulmonary eosinophiliaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC3683184
urea cycle disorderelevated_in_blood_inincreasePMC1492602
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
10InsecticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
233BrushesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
490Personal care & cosmeticsNot Available
495CeilingsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
496FencingBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
497FloorsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
498LaddersBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
499RoofsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
500Stairs And RampsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
501Sunshades Awnings Or Outside ScreensBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
502Sunshades Awnings Or Outside ScreensBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
503Tents Or CanopiesBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
504Adjustable ResistorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
505AmplifiersElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
506AntennasElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
507Auxiliary DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
508CoilsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
509Colour Television SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
510Communication Cables Or ConductorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive MaterialsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
512ContactsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
513Cores Yokes Or ArmaturesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
514Discharge LampsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
515Discharge Tubes With Liquid Pool CathodesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
516Electric Hearing AidsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
517Electric SwitchesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
518Electrically Stimulated Smoking DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
519ElectrodesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
520Emergency Protective DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
521Fixed Capacitors And Their ManufactureElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
523Gas Filled Discharge Tubes With Solid CathodeElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
524Hybrid CapacitorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
525Line Transmission SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
526LoudspeakersElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
527MagnetsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
528MicrophonesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
529Power CablesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
530Radio Transmission SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
531RelaysElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
532SelectorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
533Sparking PlugsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
534Still Video CamerasElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
535Superconducting Magnets And Superconducting CoilsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
536Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission LinesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
537Television SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
538Thin Magnetic FilmsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
539Video GamesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
540X Ray TubesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
541Agglomerated Sugar ProductsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
542Brew KettlesFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
543Cellar ToolsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
544Fermentation Processes For BeerFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
545Food PreservationFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
546Molasses And Treatment Of MolassesFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
547Preparation Of MaltFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
548Preparation Of VinegarFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling WineFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
550Preparation Of WortFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
551Processing FishFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
552Processing MeatsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
553Treatment Of HopsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
554Ash TraysHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
555Bleaching AgentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
556Cigar CigarettesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
559Non Electric Simulated Smoking DevicesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
560Other Smoking RequisitesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
561Perfumes Within Detergents And SoapsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
562Pipe AccessoriesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
563Soap DetergentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
564Soap DispensersHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
566Tobacco PipesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
567Tobacco Product CasesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
568Tobacco Product Moisture ControlHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
569Tobacco Smoke FiltersHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
570BadgesHousehold itemsNot Available
571CoinsHousehold itemsNot Available
572Credit Card HoldersHousehold itemsNot Available
573Key RingsHousehold itemsNot Available
576Watch CasesHousehold itemsNot Available
577Watch ChainsHousehold itemsNot Available
578Making CigarsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
579Manufacture Of Iron Or SteelIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco ProductsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
581Paper Making MachinesIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
582Aircraft CarriersMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
583Anchoring EquipmentMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
584BuoysMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
585Canoes And KayaksMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
588Inflatable Life Saving EquipmentMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
589Life BuoysMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
590Lifeboat EquipmentMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
591LifeboatsMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
592Marine Propulsion Or SteeringMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
593Nautical InstrumentsMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
594Ship HullsMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
596AcaricidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
597ChemosterilantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
598Fertiliser DistributorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
599Harvesters For PeanutsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
600Herbicides And AlgicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
601Lawn MowersAgriculture & land managementNot Available
602MolluscicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
603NematocidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
604Pest AttractantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
605Pest RepellantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
606Plant Growth RegulatorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
607Rodenticides(1)Agriculture & land managementNot Available
608RodenticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
609AftershavePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
610Aftersun ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
611Anti Perspirants Or Body DeoderantsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
612Body Washing Or Cleaning ImplementsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
613DepilatoriesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
614Essential Oils Or PerfumesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
615Eye Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
616Face Mask CosmeticsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
617Lip Care ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
618Lip Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
619Manicure PedicurePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
620Card GamesRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
621Chutes And SlidesRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
622Game AccessoriesRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
624Merry Go RoundsRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
625Racing SportsRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
627Roulette GamesRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
630ToysRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
631Anthraquinone DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
632ApparelTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
633Azo DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
634BucklesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
635ButtonsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
636CeramicsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
637Collar StudsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
638Decorating TextilesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
639Degreasing LeatherTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
640Embroidering And TuftingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
641Foam DyeingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
642FootwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
643HeadwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
644Hook Or Eye FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
645Inorganic FibresTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
647Multicolour DyeingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
648Nitro DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
650Purses Luggage Hand BagsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
651Purses Money Bags WalletsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
652RopesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
653SewingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
655Slide FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
656Snap FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
657Surface Finishing Of LeatherTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
658Touch FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
659Transfer PrintingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
661UmbrellasTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
662Yarns Or ThreadsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
663Sanitary EquipmentWastewater, sanitation & biosolidsNot Available
Pathways
277 pathways
Amino Sugar Metabolism
Amino Sugar Metabolism
Ammonia Recycling
Ammonia Recycling
Arginine and Proline Metabolism
Arginine and Proline Metabolism
D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism
D-Arginine and D-Ornithine Metabolism
Folate Metabolism
Folate Metabolism
Glucose-Alanine Cycle
Glucose-Alanine Cycle
Glutamate Metabolism
Glutamate Metabolism
Glycine and Serine Metabolism
Glycine and Serine Metabolism
Homocysteine Degradation
Homocysteine Degradation
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism
Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation
Threonine and 2-Oxobutanoate Degradation
Urea Cycle
Urea Cycle
View all 277 pathways
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Complement C3 structureClick to view 3D structureComplement C3P01024HumansKnownAmmonia can chemically interact with an internal thiolester bond of complement 3 (C3). This causes a conformation change in C3, which activates the alternative complement pathway, causing the release of chemoattractants and the assembly of the membrane attack complex of complement. The altered C3 can also bind directly to phagocyte complement receptors, which causes the release of toxic oxygen species. (L958)
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 structureClick to view 3D structureTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1O75762HumansKnownNot Available
Concentrations
StatusValueUnitSample LocationReference
External Links
DrugBank IDDBMET01482
HMDB IDHMDB0000051
FooDB IDFDB003908
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00007267
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDAMMONIA
METLIN ID3189
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAmmonia
Chemspider ID217
ChEBI ID16134
PubChem Compound ID222
Kegg Compound IDC00014
YMDB IDYMDB00091
ECMDB IDECMDB00051
References
Synthesis ReferenceMohr, Rudolf. Ammonia separation from offgas obtained from melamine synthesis. U.S. (1971), 5 pp. CODEN: USXXAM US 3555784 19710119 CAN 77:50902 AN 1972:450902
MSDSLink
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=110589
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11139349
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11540049
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11746427
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11783653
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=13753780
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=14663195
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15092448
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15094021
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15554424
11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15969015
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16008360
13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16050680
14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16348008
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16349403
16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16614889
17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16664306
18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16842901
19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17025297
20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17439666
21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17569513
22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17737668
23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18670398
24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22002069
25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22081570
26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22088435
27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22100291
28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22130175
29. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22150211
30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22240068
31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22290316
32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22342082
33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22385337
34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22443779
35. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22560242
36. Mohr, Rudolf. Ammonia separation from offgas obtained from melamine synthesis. U.S. (1971), 5 pp. CODEN: USXXAM US 3555784 19710119 CAN 77:50902 AN 1972:450902
37. Mohr, Rudolf. Ammonia separation from offgas obtained from melamine synthesis. U.S. (1971), 5 pp. CODEN: USXXAM US 3555784 19710119 CAN 77:50902 AN 1972:450902
38. Yoshida Y, Higashi T, Nouso K, Nakatsukasa H, Nakamura SI, Watanabe A, Tsuji T: Effects of zinc deficiency/zinc supplementation on ammonia metabolism in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Acta Med Okayama. 2001 Dec;55(6):349-55.
39. Huizenga JR, Teelken AW, Tangerman A, de Jager AE, Gips CH, Jansen PL: Determination of ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid using the indophenol direct method. Mol Chem Neuropathol. 1998 Jun-Aug;34(2-3):169-77.
40. Cohen BI: The significance of ammonia/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ratio for normality and liver disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2002 Dec;59(6):757-8.
41. Kochar DK, Agarwal P, Kochar SK, Jain R, Rawat N, Pokharna RK, Kachhawa S, Srivastava T: Hepatocyte dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. QJM. 2003 Jul;96(7):505-12.
42. Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36.
43. Cooper AJ: Role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism and ammonia neurotoxicity. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2001;7(4):280-6.
44. Remer T: Influence of nutrition on acid-base balance--metabolic aspects. Eur J Nutr. 2001 Oct;40(5):214-20.
45. Kaiho T, Tanaka T, Tsuchiya S, Yanagisawa S, Takeuchi O, Miura M, Saigusa N, Miyazaki M: Effect of the herbal medicine Dai-kenchu-to for serum ammonia in hepatectomized patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Jan-Feb;52(61):161-5.
46. Nybo L, Dalsgaard MK, Steensberg A, Moller K, Secher NH: Cerebral ammonia uptake and accumulation during prolonged exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2005 Feb 15;563(Pt 1):285-90. Epub 2004 Dec 20.
47. Huizenga JR, Vissink A, Kuipers EJ, Gips CH: Helicobacter pylori and ammonia concentrations of whole, parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva. Clin Oral Investig. 1999 Jun;3(2):84-7.
48. Satoh M, Yokoya S, Hachiya Y, Hachiya M, Fujisawa T, Hoshino K, Saji T: Two hyperandrogenic adolescent girls with congenital portosystemic shunt. Eur J Pediatr. 2001 May;160(5):307-11.
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