Beryllium hydroxide (CED0025250)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-03-21 01:08:19 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-05 20:06:29 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0025250

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM000575
T3D0646

Identification

Common Name

Beryllium hydroxide

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Beryllium hydroxide is an exogenous inorganic compound with the formula BeH2O2 and an average molecular weight of 43.03 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Beryllium hydroxide belongs to the alkaline earth metal hydroxides, a subclass of alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds within the inorganic compounds. This substance is found in or released from eight recorded sources. These include electrical and electronic equipment, specifically relays, gas filled discharge tubes with solid cathode, fixed capacitors and their manufacture, electric switches, and cores yokes or armatures. Additional sources include ceilings in building and construction, bleaching agents in household cleaning and consumer products, and the processing of meats in food, food processing and cookware. Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmona.

Contaminant Type

Beryllium Compound
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Pollutant
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Be(OH)2	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

BeH₂O₂

Average Molecular Mass

43.027 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

43.018 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

13327-32-7

IUPAC Name

beryllium(2+) ion dihydroxide

Traditional Name

beryllium(2+) ion dihydroxide

SMILES

[Be++].[OH-].[OH-]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Be.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2

InChI Key

WPJWIROQQFWMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkaline earth metal hydroxides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is hydroxide, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkaline earth metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Alkaline earth metal hydroxides

Direct Parent

Alkaline earth metal hydroxides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alkaline earth metal hydroxide
Inorganic beryllium salt
Inorganic hydride
Inorganic oxide
Inorganic salt

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

beryllium hydroxide (CHEBI:35102 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Decomposes at 1000°C.
Boiling Point	300°C
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.65	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	15.7	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-1.8	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	13.91 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	1.19 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Once in the body, beryllium acts as a hapten and interacts with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DP presenting cells in the lungs, becoming physically associated with a major histocompatability (MHC) class II molecule. This MHC class II-beryllium-peptide complex is recognized by the T lymphocyte receptor, triggering CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The resulting inflammatory response is a cell-mediated process orchestrated by cytokines and results in the formation of (usually pulmonary) granulomas. Beryllium's toxicity may be controlled by the iron-storage protein ferritin, which sequesters beryllium by binding it and preventing it from interacting with other enzymes. (4, 1, 2)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

1, carcinogenic to humans. (6)

Minimum Risk Level

Chronic Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (5)

Symptoms

Chronic beryllium disease causes fatigue, weakness, difficulty breathing, and a persistent dry cough. (3, 4)

Treatment

Chronic beryllium disease is treated with immunosuppressive medicines, usually of the glucocorticoid class. (3)

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000495	Ceilings?Ceilings in built environments can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and finishes.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000513	Cores Yokes Or Armatures?Cores, yokes, or armatures are components commonly found in electrical devices, used to facilitate the magnetic and electrical functions within motors, transformers, and generators.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000517	Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000523	Gas Filled Discharge Tubes With Solid Cathode?Gas Filled Discharge Tubes with Solid Cathodes are electrical components that facilitate the flow of current by ionizing gas within a sealed tube.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000531	Relays?Relays are electromechanical switches used to control circuits and manage electrical loads.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000552	Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000563	Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000595	Ships?Ships, as vehicles for international trade and transportation, can be significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination in marine environments.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000597	Chemosterilants?Chemosterilants are synthetic chemicals designed to induce sterility in target pest populations, thereby controlling their reproduction and mitigating damage to crops.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000602	Molluscicides?Molluscicides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control and eliminate mollusks, such as snails and slugs, which can be detrimental to crops and agricultural productivity.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000604	Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000607	Rodenticides(1)?Rodenticides are synthetic chemicals specifically formulated to control rodent populations, serving as a crucial tool in managing pests that can damage crops and spread diseases.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000608	Rodenticides?Rodenticides are chemical substances specifically designed to control rodent populations by causing death through various mechanisms, including anticoagulation or neurotoxicity.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000620	Card Games?Card games often utilize synthetic materials for playing cards and associated gaming equipment, which may contain various chemicals such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plastics, and dyes.	Recreation & sports surfaces	PubChem
CEDs000631	Anthraquinone Dyes?Anthraquinone dyes are a class of synthetic organic compounds characterized by their vibrant colors and stability, making them widely used in various applications, particularly in coloring textiles and leather.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000633	Azo Dyes?Azo dyes are synthetic organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups (-N=N-), which are widely used for coloring textiles, leather, and furnishings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000638	Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000659	Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000670	Solid Fire Fighting Substances?Solid fire fighting substances, such as certain types of dry chemical powders, are used in fire suppression applications to extinguish flames and prevent fire spread.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000684	Cements?Cements are a composite material primarily used as a binding agent in construction applications, formed by the calcination of limestone and clay minerals at high temperatures.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000686	Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000692	Silica Free Oxide Glass?Silica Free Oxide Glass is a type of glass that is produced using alternative materials to traditional silica-based formulations.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem

Pathways

0 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Type IV secretion-like conjugative transfer relaxase protein TraI	B1LRJ1	Escherichia coli (strain SMS-3-5 / SECEC)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.077 Applicability Domain 0.077 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0195 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 151.495
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.062 Applicability Domain 0.1 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 406 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Liver carboxylesterase 1	P23141	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.06 Applicability Domain 0.1 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 55 E-value 7783.91
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P06276	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.059 Applicability Domain 0.1 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 234 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein	Q8TB45	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.057 Applicability Domain 0.071 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4058 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 3159.35
Click to view 3D structure	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	P0DTD1	SARS-CoV-2	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.053 Applicability Domain 0.1 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 215 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Q16790	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.052 Applicability Domain 0.08 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 372 E-value 7784.92
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.052 Applicability Domain 0.08 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 472 E-value 7784.77
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 12	O43570	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.052 Applicability Domain 0.08 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 332 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 1	P00915	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.052 Applicability Domain 0.08 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 407 E-value 7784.92
Click to view 3D structure	3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20	Q9FG87	Arabidopsis thaliana	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.048 Applicability Domain 0.048 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.5618 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 4373.73
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P41595	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.046 Applicability Domain 0.059 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 686 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Putative agmatine deiminase	Q8DW17	Streptococcus mutans serotype c (strain ATCC 700610 / UA159)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.045 Applicability Domain 0.045 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4005 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 3117.86
Click to view 3D structure	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	P35869	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.045 Applicability Domain 0.071 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 42 E-value 7783.91
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3	P51452	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.044 Applicability Domain 0.071 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 147 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2C19	P33261	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.044 Applicability Domain 0.054 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 825 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 4	P22748	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.044 Applicability Domain 0.053 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 193 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	P35218	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.044 Applicability Domain 0.053 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 165 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	P19793	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.044 Applicability Domain 0.045 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 82 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 7	P43166	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.053 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 242 E-value 7784.77
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 6	P23280	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.053 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 151 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 14	Q9ULX7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.053 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 172 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Q9Y2D0	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.053 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 157 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 1A2	P05177	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.054 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 793 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A4	P08684	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.043 Applicability Domain 0.057 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 1538 E-value 7784.84

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Beryllium hydroxide

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

35102

PubChem Compound ID

25879

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Amicosante M, Berretta F, Dweik R, Saltini C: Role of high-affinity HLA-DP specific CLIP-derived peptides in beryllium binding to the HLA-DPGlu69 berylliosis-associated molecules and presentation to beryllium-sensitized T cells. Immunology. 2009 Sep;128(1 Suppl):e462-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03000.x. Epub 2008 Dec 23. [PubMed: 19191908]
Lindenschmidt RC, Sendelbach LE, Witschi HP, Price DJ, Fleming J, Joshi JG: Ferritin and in vivo beryllium toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Feb;82(2):344-50. [PubMed: 3945960]
Wikipedia. Beryllium. Last Updated 17 March 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2002). Toxicological profile for beryllium. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). - http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp4.html
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). - http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. - http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php
Freebase (2009). Beryllium Hydroxide. - http://www.freebase.com/view/guid/9202a8c04000641f8000000009168b97

Beryllium hydroxide (CED0025250)

Structure for CHEM000575: Beryllium hydroxide

No pathways found

Structure