Nickel iodide (CHEM000621)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-03-23 01:56:18 UTC
Update Date2026-08-17 20:38:31 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM000621
Identification
Common NameNickel iodide
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Nickel iodide is an iodide of nickel. It is used as a catalyst and reagent in organic synthesis. Nickel is a chemical compound with the atomic number 28. It is found abundantly in nature in laterite ore minerals, such as limonite, garnierite, and pentlandite. Nickel has a biological role and is found in certain enzymes, including urease, hydrogenase, methylcoenzyme M reductase, and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. (2, 3, 5)
Contaminant Sources
  • IARC Carcinogens Group 1
  • T3DB toxins
Contaminant Type
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Inorganic Compound
  • Nickel Compound
  • Pollutant
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaI2Ni
Average Molecular Mass312.502 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass311.744 g/mol
CAS Registry Number13462-90-3
IUPAC Namediiodonickel
Traditional Namediiodonickel
SMILESI[Ni]I
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/2HI.Ni/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
InChI KeyBFSQJYRFLQUZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal iodides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Iodine, and the heaviest metal atom is a transition metal.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassMixed metal/non-metal compounds
ClassTransition metal salts
Sub ClassTransition metal iodides
Direct ParentTransition metal iodides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Transition metal iodide
  • Inorganic salt
  • Inorganic nickel compound
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceBlack solid.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point780°C, 1053°K, 1436°F
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP1.12ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity26.68 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.13 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureInhalation (3) ; oral (3) ; dermal (3)
Mechanism of ToxicityNickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (3, 1)
MetabolismNickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and _2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, wherease unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. (3)
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)1, carcinogenic to humans. (7)
Uses/SourcesNickel iodide is used as a catalyst and reagent in organic synthesis. (5)
Minimum Risk LevelIntermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (6) Chronic Inhalation: 0.00009 mg/m3 (6)
Health EffectsThe most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an allergic reaction. This usually manifests as a skin rash, although some people experience asthma attacks. Long term inhahation of nickel causes chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function, as well as damage to the naval cavity. Ingestion of excess nickel results in damage to the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as having adverse effects on reproduction and development. (3)
SymptomsSymptoms of nickel poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping, followed by chest pains, sweating, rapid heart beat, and a dry cough. (4)
TreatmentExcess exposure to nickel is usually handled by preventing further exposure and symptomatic treatment. Nickel poisoning may also be treated using chelation therapy with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. (4)
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNickel(II) iodide
Chemspider IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
PubChem Compound IDNot Available
Kegg Compound IDNot Available
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References