Nickel sulfate (CHEM000624)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-03-23 02:05:31 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 19:41:46 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM000624
Identification
Common NameNickel sulfate
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Nickel sulfate is a sulfate of nickel. It is commonly used for electroplating. Nickel is a chemical compound with the atomic number 28. It is found abundantly in nature in laterite ore minerals, such as limonite, garnierite, and pentlandite. Nickel has a biological role and is found in certain enzymes, including urease, hydrogenase, methylcoenzyme M reductase, and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. (2, 3, 5)
Contaminant Sources
  • Clean Air Act Chemicals
  • HPV EPA Chemicals
  • IARC Carcinogens Group 1
  • OECD HPV Chemicals
  • T3DB toxins
Contaminant Type
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Inorganic Compound
  • Nickel Compound
  • Pollutant
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
Nickel sulfate(1:1)ChEBI
Nickel sulphateChEBI
Nickel(II) sulfateChEBI
Nickel(II) sulfate (1:1)ChEBI
NiSO4ChEBI
Nickel sulfuric acid(1:1)Generator
Nickel sulphate(1:1)Generator
Nickel sulphuric acid(1:1)Generator
Nickel sulfuric acidGenerator
Nickel sulphuric acidGenerator
Nickel(II) sulfuric acidGenerator
Nickel(II) sulphateGenerator
Nickel(II) sulphuric acidGenerator
Nickel(II) sulfuric acid (1:1)Generator
Nickel(II) sulphate (1:1)Generator
Nickel(II) sulphuric acid (1:1)Generator
Nickel sulfate monohydrateMeSH
Nickel sulfate heptahydrateMeSH
Nickel sulfate hexahydrateMeSH
Nickel sulfate hexahydrate-(2)H-labeled CPDMeSH
Nickel sulfate hydrateMeSH
Chemical FormulaNiO4S
Average Molecular Mass154.756 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass153.887 g/mol
CAS Registry Number7786-81-4
IUPAC Namenickel(2+) ion sulfate
Traditional Namenickel(2+) ion sulfate
SMILES[Ni++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/Ni.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
InChI KeyLGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a transition metal.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassMixed metal/non-metal compounds
ClassTransition metal oxoanionic compounds
Sub ClassTransition metal sulfates
Direct ParentTransition metal sulfates
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Transition metal sulfate
  • Inorganic oxide
  • Inorganic salt
  • Inorganic nickel compound
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceYellow-green solid.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point> 100°C (anhydrous) 53°C (hexahydrate)
Boiling Point840°C (decomposes)
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.84ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area80.26 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity11.53 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability5.81 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureInhalation (3) ; oral (3) ; dermal (3)
Mechanism of ToxicityNickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (3, 1)
MetabolismNickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and _2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, wherease unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. (3)
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 264 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (8)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)1, carcinogenic to humans. (7)
Uses/SourcesNickel sulfate is commonly used for electroplating. (5)
Minimum Risk LevelIntermediate Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (6) Chronic Inhalation: 0.00009 mg/m3 (6)
Health EffectsThe most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an allergic reaction. This usually manifests as a skin rash, although some people experience asthma attacks. Long term inhahation of nickel causes chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function, as well as damage to the naval cavity. Ingestion of excess nickel results in damage to the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as having adverse effects on reproduction and development. (3)
SymptomsSymptoms of nickel poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping, followed by chest pains, sweating, rapid heart beat, and a dry cough. (4)
TreatmentExcess exposure to nickel is usually handled by preventing further exposure and symptomatic treatment. Nickel poisoning may also be treated using chelation therapy with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. (4)
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNickel(II)_sulfate
Chemspider IDNot Available
ChEBI ID53001
PubChem Compound ID24586
Kegg Compound IDNot Available
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10444249
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10444250
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10469300
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10975816
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11207315
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11851891
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=14634084
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1694310
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18837732
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2026136
11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21616561
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2415590
13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2477914
14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25042713
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25097477
16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=7615984
17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=7687268
18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=8566016
19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=8891004
20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=8991630