Tin (CED0000932)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-06-01 14:54:49 UTC
Update Date2026-04-17 18:58:39 UTC
SynCED IDCED0000932
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • CHEM000709
  • T3D0796
Identification
Common NameTin
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Tin belongs to the homogeneous post-transition metal compounds, a class of homogeneous metal compounds within the inorganic compounds. This exogenous solid has the chemical formula Sn and an average molecular weight of 118.71 g/mol. It is found in 56 recorded sources, including electrical and electronic equipment such as amplifiers and antennas, household cleaning and consumer products like ash trays, building and construction materials including roofs and ceilings, food contact materials, and household items such as coins and medals. Recorded exposure routes include oral, inhalation, and touch. Biologically, tin serves as a micronutrient. In industrial applications, it is used as a surfactant, stabilizing agent, degradant/impurity, surface modifier, antioxidant, plating agent, filler (PMC11207989 ), and Lewis acid (PMC9082580 ). Additionally, it functions as a corrosion inhibitor (PMC10653099 ), a catalyst (PMC10224076 ), and a reducing agent (PMC9372017 ). Tin interacts with 14 recorded protein targets. Organotins bind to the beta-5 subunit of proteasome subunit beta type-5 (PSMB5), inhibiting chymotrypsin-like activity of cellular and 20S proteasomes, which results in apoptosis. Organotins also act as endocrine disruptors by inappropriately activating retinoic acid receptors alpha, beta, and gamma (RARA, RARB, RARG) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), which is believed to contribute to obesity via adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase 1A, 1C, 4, and all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B. Furthermore, tributyltin inhibits mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase 2 (TXNRD2) and cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide.
Contaminant Type
  • Food Toxin
  • Household Toxin
  • Human Neurotoxin
  • Inorganic Compound
  • Metabolite
  • Metal
  • Natural Compound
  • Pesticide
  • Tin Compound
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
sn(4+)ChEBI
Tin, ion (sn4+)ChEBI
InnohepMeSH
2 Propenoic acid, 3 phenylMeSH
TinzaparinMeSH
3-Phenyl- 2-propenoic acidMeSH
Tinzaparin sodiumMeSH
Chemical FormulaSn
Average Molecular Mass118.710 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass119.900 g/mol
CAS Registry Number7440-31-5
IUPAC Nametin(4+) ion
Traditional Nametin(4+) ion
SMILES[Sn+4]
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/Sn/q+4
InChI KeySYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous post-transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a post-transition metal atom.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassHomogeneous metal compounds
ClassHomogeneous post-transition metal compounds
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentHomogeneous post-transition metal compounds
Alternative ParentsNot Available
Substituents
  • Homogeneous post-transition metal
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
  • micronutrient ?A chemical consumed at low amounts via food and is essential for many physiological and biochemical processes.
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceSilvery white metallic solid.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point231.93°C
Boiling Point2507°C (4544.6°F)
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.5ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.09ChemAxon
Physiological Charge4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity0 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability1.78 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-78063ee371f483449e69Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-78063ee371f483449e69Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-78063ee371f483449e69Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-8860d52d1d228364d3c8Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-8860d52d1d228364d3c8Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-8860d52d1d228364d3c8Not AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Toxicity / Toxin ClassNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityOrganotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (6, 1, 2)
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsInorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (6)
TreatmentNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionDescriptionReference
muscular dystrophyAssociated With?Not AvailableMuscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle. There are many kinds of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms of the most common variety begin in childhood, mostly in boys. Other types don't surface until adulthood. There's no cure for muscular dystrophy. But medications and therapy can help manage symptoms and slow the course of the disease. Symptoms of muscular dystrophy is muscle weakness, but specific signs depends not only on age group, muscle groups but also the type of muscular dystrophy. The types of muscular dystrophy includes: Duchenne type muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic type muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral type muscular dystrophy, congenital type muscular dystrophy, and limb-girdle type muscular dystrophy.PMC10259682
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
CEDs000010Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000070Stormwater runoff?Stormwater runoff refers to the flow of rainwater or melted snow that does not soak into the ground and instead collects pollutants as it travels over impervious surfaces such as roads and parking lots.Automotive & urban infrastructurePubChem
CEDs000181Ballast water?Ballast water, taken on by ships to maintain stability and balance, often contains a diverse array of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and plankton.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000182Bilge water?Bilge water is a byproduct generated from the accumulation of water in the lowest part of a ship's hull, which may include a mixture of seawater, oil, fuel residues, and various contaminants.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000233Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000494Food contact materials?Food contact materials refer to substances and products that are intended to come into contact with food during processing, packaging, or preparation.Food, food processing & cookwareNot Available
CEDs000495Ceilings?Ceilings in built environments can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and finishes.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000496Fencing?Fencing materials, particularly those used in construction and landscaping, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the treatments and coatings applied for durability and weather resistance.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000497Floors?Floors in built environments can be a significant source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and finishes used in their construction.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000498Ladders?Ladders, commonly used in various construction and maintenance activities, can become a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings applied during their manufacture and use.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000499Roofs?Roofs can be a significant source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and maintenance.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000500Stairs And Ramps?Stairs and ramps in construction are often treated with various synthetic chemicals to enhance durability, slip resistance, and weather resistance.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000502Sunshades Awnings Or Outside Screens?Sunshades, awnings, and outside screens are commonly used in construction to enhance energy efficiency and provide shade.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000503Tents Or Canopies?Tents and canopies used in various applications can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily due to the materials from which they are made.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000504Adjustable Resistors?Adjustable resistors, commonly used in various electronic devices, can contribute to synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and substances used in their manufacturing and disposal.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000505Amplifiers?Amplifiers, commonly used in various electronic devices to enhance signal strength, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and processes involved in their production and disposal.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000506Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000507Auxiliary Devices?Auxiliary devices, such as capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, are integral components in various electronic systems.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000508Coils?Coils are components used in various electrical and electronic applications, such as transformers, inductors, and motors.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000509Colour Television Systems?Colour television systems contain various synthetic chemicals that can lead to environmental contamination.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000510Communication Cables Or Conductors?Communication cables or conductors are essential components in the transmission of data and signals in various applications, including telecommunications and networking.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000512Contacts?Contacts in electrical and electronic equipment are components that facilitate the flow of electricity between circuits.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000513Cores Yokes Or Armatures?Cores, yokes, or armatures are components commonly found in electrical devices, used to facilitate the magnetic and electrical functions within motors, transformers, and generators.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000514Discharge Lamps?Discharge lamps, including fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, are commonly used for lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and brightness.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000515Discharge Tubes With Liquid Pool Cathodes?Discharge tubes with liquid pool cathodes are devices that utilize a liquid metal as the cathode in gas discharge applications.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000516Electric Hearing Aids?Electric hearing aids are small electronic devices designed to amplify sound for individuals with hearing loss.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000517Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000518Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000519Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000520Emergency Protective Devices?Emergency protective devices, such as circuit breakers and surge protectors, are essential components in electrical systems designed to prevent damage from overcurrent and surges.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000521Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000523Gas Filled Discharge Tubes With Solid Cathode?Gas Filled Discharge Tubes with Solid Cathodes are electrical components that facilitate the flow of current by ionizing gas within a sealed tube.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000524Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000525Line Transmission Systems?Line Transmission Systems, commonly used for the distribution of electrical energy, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the insulation materials and coatings utilized in their construction.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000526Loudspeakers?Loudspeakers, as components in audio systems, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily due to the materials used in their construction.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000527Magnets?Magnets, commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000528Microphones?Microphones, as components in various electronic devices, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000529Power Cables?Power cables are used to transmit electrical energy and are typically composed of conductive materials, insulation, and protective coatings.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000530Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000531Relays?Relays are electromechanical switches used to control circuits and manage electrical loads.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000533Sparking Plugs?Spark plugs are critical components in internal combustion engines, facilitating the ignition of fuel-air mixtures by generating a spark.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000534Still Video Cameras?Still video cameras, which capture images in digital format, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and components used in their production and operation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000535Superconducting Magnets And Superconducting Coils?Superconducting magnets and coils are utilized in various applications that require strong magnetic fields, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and particle accelerators.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000536Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission Lines?Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, including cables and transmission lines, are materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance under specific conditions, typically at low temperatures.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000537Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000538Thin Magnetic Films?Thin magnetic films are layers of magnetic material ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in thickness, commonly used in applications such as magnetic sensors, data storage devices, and electronic components.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000539Video Games?Video games, through their production and disposal processes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000540X Ray Tubes?X-ray tubes are devices used to produce X-rays for various applications, including medical imaging and industrial inspections.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000544Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000545Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000547Preparation Of Malt?Malt preparation involves the germination and drying of cereal grains, primarily barley, to produce malt for brewing and food products.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000548Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine?The preparation of wine or sparkling wine involves various stages, including fermentation, aging, and bottling, which can introduce potential sources of synthetic chemical contamination.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000550Preparation Of Wort?The preparation of wort involves the extraction of sugars from malted grains, a crucial step in the brewing process.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000551Processing Fish?Processing fish can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through various stages of production and preservation.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000552Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000553Treatment Of Hops?Hops, a key ingredient in brewing and food flavoring, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to various agricultural practices.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000554Ash Trays?Ash trays, commonly used for the disposal of cigarette butts and ash, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the presence of various toxic compounds in tobacco smoke.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000555Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000556Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000558Match Receptables Or Boxes?Match receptacles or boxes, commonly used for storing matches, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and the chemicals involved in match production.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000559Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000560Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000561Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000562Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000563Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000564Soap Dispensers?Soap dispensers, commonly used for dispensing liquid soaps and sanitizers, can become a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and the products they dispense.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000566Tobacco Pipes?Tobacco pipes, often made from materials such as plastic, wood, or metal, can serve as sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the residues left by tobacco products.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000567Tobacco Product Cases?Tobacco product cases can serve as a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and chemicals used in tobacco processing and product manufacturing.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000568Tobacco Product Moisture Control?Tobacco product moisture control involves the use of synthetic chemicals to manage the humidity levels in tobacco products, aiming to preserve flavor and extend shelf life.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000569Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000570Badges?Badges, often used for identification or decorative purposes, can be made from various synthetic materials including plastics, metals, and coatings.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000571Coins?Coins can serve as a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to their production processes and the materials used in their composition.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000572Credit Card Holders?Credit card holders are often manufactured using synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyurethane, which may contain additives like plasticizers, stabilizers, and flame retardants.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000573Key Rings?Key rings are commonly made from various synthetic materials, including plastics and metals, which can be sources of chemical contamination.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000574Medals?Medals, often made from various metals and alloys, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the coatings and finishes applied to enhance their appearance and durability.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000575Rosaries?Rosaries, often made from various synthetic materials such as plastics, resins, or coatings, can pose a source of chemical contamination due to the release of additives or degradation products over time.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000577Watch Chains?Watch chains, often made from various metals and synthetic materials, can be a source of chemical contamination due to the presence of coatings, adhesives, and plasticizers used in their manufacturing.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000578Making Cigars?The process of making cigars involves several steps, including the cultivation of tobacco, fermentation, and the application of various additives to enhance flavor and preservation.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000579Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel?The manufacture of iron or steel involves various processes, including smelting, refining, and alloying, which can result in the release of synthetic chemicals and contaminants.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000581Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000583Anchoring Equipment?Anchoring equipment, commonly used in marine applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings utilized in their manufacturing.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000584Buoys?Buoys, often used for navigation and marine monitoring, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings employed in their construction.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000586Fishing Boats?Fishing boats can be significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination in marine environments.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000589Life Buoys?Life buoys, commonly used in marine environments for safety and rescue operations, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000590Lifeboat Equipment?Lifeboat equipment typically includes various synthetic materials used in the construction of life rafts, flotation devices, and safety gear.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000591Lifeboats?Lifeboats, used for emergency evacuation at sea, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and substances used in their construction and maintenance.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000592Marine Propulsion Or Steering?Marine propulsion and steering systems often rely on various synthetic chemicals, including lubricants, fuels, and hydraulic fluids.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000593Nautical Instruments?Nautical instruments, often utilized for navigation and monitoring in marine environments, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and processes involved in their manufacture and operation.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000594Ship Hulls?Ship hulls are often treated with various synthetic chemicals to enhance durability, prevent corrosion, and inhibit the growth of marine organisms.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000595Ships?Ships, as vehicles for international trade and transportation, can be significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination in marine environments.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000596Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000598Fertiliser Distributors?Fertiliser distributors play a critical role in the supply of synthetic fertilizers, which are widely used to enhance soil fertility and crop yield.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000599Harvesters For Peanuts?Harvesters for peanuts are mechanized equipment used to efficiently gather and process peanut crops.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000600Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000601Lawn Mowers?Lawn mowers, particularly those powered by gasoline, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of fossil fuels and the use of engine oils.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000603Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000604Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000606Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000610Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000611Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000612Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements?Body washing or cleaning implements, such as synthetic sponges, loofahs, and washcloths, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000613Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000614Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000615Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000617Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000618Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000619Manicure Pedicure?Manicure and pedicure procedures often involve the use of various synthetic chemicals, including solvents, nail polishes, and nail adhesives.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000620Card Games?Card games often utilize synthetic materials for playing cards and associated gaming equipment, which may contain various chemicals such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plastics, and dyes.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000621Chutes And Slides?Chutes and slides, commonly found in playgrounds and recreational areas, are often constructed from synthetic materials such as plastics and rubber.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000622Game Accessories?Game accessories, such as synthetic turf, athletic shoes, and other sports-related equipment, often incorporate various synthetic chemicals in their production.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000625Racing Sports?Racing sports often utilize synthetic surfaces, such as polyurethane or rubberized tracks, to enhance performance and safety.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000629Swings?Swings, commonly found in playgrounds and recreational areas, are often constructed using synthetic materials such as plastics and rubber composites.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000630Toys?Toys, particularly those made from synthetic materials such as plastics, can be a source of chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and compounds used in their production.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000631Anthraquinone Dyes?Anthraquinone dyes are a class of synthetic organic compounds characterized by their vibrant colors and stability, making them widely used in various applications, particularly in coloring textiles and leather.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000632Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000634Buckles?Buckles, commonly used as fasteners in clothing, accessories, and furniture, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings employed in their production.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000635Buttons?Buttons, often made from synthetic materials such as polyester, nylon, or polycarbonate, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination during their production, use, and disposal.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000636Ceramics?Ceramics, often used for their durability and aesthetic qualities, can become a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the use of various additives and glazes that contain heavy metals and other harmful compounds.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000638Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000640Embroidering And Tufting?Embroidering and tufting processes often involve the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, adhesives, and finishing agents.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000642Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000643Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000645Inorganic Fibres?Inorganic fibres, such as asbestos, glass wool, and ceramic fibres, are used in various applications due to their thermal resistance, strength, and durability.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000647Multicolour Dyeing?Multicolour dyeing involves the application of multiple synthetic dyes to textiles and other materials to achieve vibrant, diverse color patterns.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000650Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000651Purses Money Bags Wallets?Purses, money bags, and wallets are often manufactured using synthetic materials, including plastics, polyurethanes, and various treated fabrics.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000652Ropes?Ropes manufactured from synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene, nylon, and polyester, are widely used in various applications, including marine, construction, and outdoor activities.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000653Sewing?Sewing processes often involve the use of various synthetic chemicals, which can become sources of contamination in the environment.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000655Slide Fasteners?Slide fasteners, commonly known as zippers, are mechanical devices used to join two edges of fabric or other materials.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000656Snap Fasteners?Snap fasteners, commonly used in clothing and upholstery, can be made from various synthetic materials, including plastics and metal alloys.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000657Surface Finishing Of Leather?Surface finishing of leather often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, resins, and finishing agents.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000658Touch Fasteners?Touch fasteners, commonly known as hook-and-loop fasteners, are composed of synthetic materials such as nylon or polyester.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000659Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000661Umbrellas?Umbrellas are commonly manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyester, nylon, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which can contribute to synthetic chemical contamination.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000662Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000663Sanitary Equipment?Sanitary equipment, including toilets, sinks, and drainage systems, can serve as conduits for synthetic chemical contamination.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
CEDs000664Fire Fighting Gels?Fire fighting gels are synthetic chemical formulations designed to enhance fire suppression effectiveness by creating a protective barrier against heat and flames.Fire suppression systems & agentsPubChem
CEDs000665Fire Extinguishers?Fire extinguishers contain various synthetic chemicals designed to suppress flames and prevent the spread of fire.Fire suppression systems & agentsPubChem
CEDs000666Flame Traps?Flame traps are devices designed to prevent the propagation of flames and explosions by allowing gases to escape while blocking flames.Fire suppression systems & agentsPubChem
CEDs000667Gaseous Fire Fighting?Gaseous fire fighting systems utilize synthetic chemicals, such as halocarbons and inert gases, to suppress fires through chemical and physical processes.Fire suppression systems & agentsPubChem
CEDs000668Non-PFAS Fire Fighting Foam?Non-PFAS fire fighting foam refers to fire suppression agents that do not contain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are synthetic chemicals known for their water- and grease-resistant properties.Fire suppression systems & agentsPubChem
CEDs000670Solid Fire Fighting Substances?Solid fire fighting substances, such as certain types of dry chemical powders, are used in fire suppression applications to extinguish flames and prevent fire spread.Fire suppression systems & agentsPubChem
CEDs000671Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.Aviation & AerospacePubChem
CEDs000672Light Than Air Aircraft?Light than air aircraft, such as dirigibles and airships, utilize lifting gases like helium or hydrogen for buoyancy.Aviation & AerospacePubChem
CEDs000673Unmanned Aerial Vehicles?Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, utilize various synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing, operation, and maintenance processes.Aviation & AerospacePubChem
CEDs000674Bridle Bits?Bridle bits, commonly used in equestrian activities, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the materials used in their manufacturing.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000677Horse Reins?Horse reins, often made from synthetic materials such as nylon or polyester, can be a source of chemical contamination due to their production and degradation processes.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000678Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000679Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000684Cements?Cements are a composite material primarily used as a binding agent in construction applications, formed by the calcination of limestone and clay minerals at high temperatures.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000685Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000686Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000687Crystal Glass?Crystal glass, known for its clarity and brilliance, is often produced using lead oxide, which enhances its refractive quality.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000688Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000689Glass Fibres?Glass fibres are composed of fine strands of glass, commonly utilized for their tensile strength and lightweight properties.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000690Lime?Lime, primarily comprised of calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), is widely used in various applications, including as a key ingredient in mortars, plasters, and cement.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000691Non Oxide Glass?Non-oxide glass refers to a category of glasses primarily composed of materials other than silicon dioxide, such as boron oxide or phosphorous oxide.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000692Silica Free Oxide Glass?Silica Free Oxide Glass is a type of glass that is produced using alternative materials to traditional silica-based formulations.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000693Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000694Cheese Making?Cheese making involves the fermentation of milk, utilizing bacteria and enzymes to coagulate proteins and develop flavor.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000695Treatment Of Milk Or Cream?The treatment of milk or cream involves various processes such as pasteurization, homogenization, and the addition of preservatives to enhance shelf life and safety.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000696Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000697Submarines?Submarines, while essential for military and research purposes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to their use of various industrial chemicals.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000698Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.Mining & metal processingPubChem
CEDs000699Mining Or Quarrying?Mining and quarrying operations can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through the release of various pollutants associated with the extraction and processing of minerals.Mining & metal processingPubChem
CEDs000701Ventilation Of Mines Or Tunnels?Ventilation in mines or tunnels is essential for maintaining air quality and ensuring the safety of workers.Mining & metal processingPubChem
CEDs000702Blackboard Eraser?Blackboard erasers are commonly used tools for removing chalk from blackboards, and they often contain synthetic materials such as rubber, plastics, and adhesives.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000703Blackboards?Blackboards, traditionally made from slate or coated wood, can also be produced using synthetic materials that may contain various chemicals.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000705Bookbinding?Bookbinding involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including adhesives, inks, and coatings, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000707Books?Books can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the use of various chemicals in their production and preservation processes.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000708Carving Engraving Or Guilloching Tools?Carving, engraving, or guilloching tools are often used in the production of intricate designs on surfaces, particularly in the processing of materials such as paper and fiber products.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000709Carving Tools?Carving tools used in the processing of materials can become a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the residues and lubricants applied during manufacturing.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000711Coloured Pencils?Coloured pencils are commonly used tools for artistic expression and education, composed primarily of a wood casing and a core made from a mixture of pigments, binders, and waxes.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000712Combination Pens?Combination pens, which typically contain both ink and additional functionalities such as highlighters or stylus tips, may contribute to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through their ink formulations and plastic components.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000713Drawing Boards?Drawing boards are often used in design and drafting applications, where they may be coated or treated with various synthetic chemicals to enhance durability, smoothness, or water resistance.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000714Embossing Machines?Embossing machines are industrial devices used to create raised patterns or designs on materials, including paper and fiber products.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000715Embossing Tools?Embossing tools are used in the manufacturing process to create raised designs on paper and other similar substrates.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000716Erasers?Erasers, commonly used in writing and drawing applications, are often made from synthetic rubber or thermoplastic materials, which can contain various additives such as plasticizers, fillers, and colorants.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000717Fountain Pens?Fountain pens utilize a liquid ink that often contains synthetic chemicals, including dyes, pigments, and solvents, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000718Ink Receptacles?Ink receptacles, commonly utilized in printing processes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the solvents, pigments, and additives contained within the inks.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000719Ink Reservoir Pens?Ink reservoir pens are writing instruments that contain a reservoir filled with ink, often made from synthetic dyes and solvents.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000720Ink Reservoir Pens2?Ink reservoir pens are writing instruments that utilize a reservoir to store ink, which is often composed of synthetic dyes, solvents, and additives.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000722Leaf Turners?Leaf turners are mechanical devices used in the processing of plant materials to create pulp for paper and fiber products.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000724Pencil Sharpener?A pencil sharpener, commonly used in various settings for maintaining the sharpness of pencils, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the materials from which it is constructed.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000725Pencils?Pencils, primarily composed of graphite encased in wood or synthetic materials, can contribute to synthetic chemical contamination through their manufacturing and disposal processes.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000726Pens?Pens, commonly utilized for writing and marking, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily due to the materials used in their manufacturing.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000727Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000729Stamps?Stamps, particularly those produced using synthetic inks and adhesives, can contribute to chemical contamination when disposed of improperly.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000730Contact Lens Cases?Contact lens cases are small containers designed to store contact lenses in a sterile environment, typically made from various synthetic materials including plastics such as polypropylene or polycarbonate.Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsPubChem
CEDs000732Spectacle Cases?Spectacle cases can serve as a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production, such as polycarbonate, PVC, and various plastics, which may leach harmful substances over time.Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsPubChem
CEDs000733Walking Sticks?Walking sticks, while primarily designed for mobility assistance, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination if not properly manufactured or maintained.Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsPubChem
CEDs000734Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000735Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.Defense & military infrastructurePubChem
CEDs000736Fuses?Fuses are safety devices designed to protect electrical circuits by breaking the circuit when excessive current flows through.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000737Chemical Igniters?Chemical igniters are substances or devices designed to initiate combustion in various applications, often found in products like lighters, candles, and certain household cleaning agents.Household itemsPubChem
CEDs000738Cooling Circuit Water?Cooling circuit water is utilized in various industrial processes to absorb and dissipate heat generated during operations.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000739Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000740Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000741Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000742Leather Tanning?Leather tanning is a process that transforms raw animal hides into durable leather through the application of various chemicals, including chromium salts, aldehydes, and vegetable tannins.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000743Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
CEDs000744Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
Pathways
0 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A structureClick to view 3D structureAlcohol dehydrogenase 1AP07327HumansKnownInorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. (A183)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B structureClick to view 3D structureAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1BP00325HumansKnownInorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. (A183)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C structureClick to view 3D structureAlcohol dehydrogenase 1CP00326HumansKnownInorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. (A183)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4 structureClick to view 3D structureAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4P08319HumansKnownInorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. (A183)
Click to view 3D structureAlcohol dehydrogenase 6P28332HumansKnownInorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. (A183)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7 structureClick to view 3D structureAll-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7P40394HumansKnownInorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. (A183)
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 structureClick to view 3D structureAlcohol dehydrogenase class-3P11766HumansKnownInorganic and organic tin compounds are weak inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. (A183)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma structureClick to view 3D structurePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaP37231HumansKnownOrganotins are endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, leading to adipocyte differentiation. (A184)
Proteasome subunit beta type-5 structureClick to view 3D structureProteasome subunit beta type-5P28074HumansKnownOrganotins inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of 20S and cellular proteasomes by binding to the beta-5 subunit. This results in apoptosis caused by downstream effects in the proteasome pathway. (A181)
Retinoic acid receptor alpha structureClick to view 3D structureRetinoic acid receptor alphaP10276HumansKnownOrganotins are endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate activation of retinoic acid receptors, leading to adipocyte differentiation. (A184)
Retinoic acid receptor beta structureClick to view 3D structureRetinoic acid receptor betaP10826HumansKnownOrganotins are endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate activation of retinoic acid receptors, leading to adipocyte differentiation. (A184)
Retinoic acid receptor gamma structureClick to view 3D structureRetinoic acid receptor gammaP13631HumansKnownOrganotins are endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate activation of retinoic acid receptors, leading to adipocyte differentiation. (A184)
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic structureClick to view 3D structureThioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicQ16881HumansKnownTributyltin inhibits thioredoxin reductase, leading to hydrogen peroxide production. (A185)
Click to view 3D structureThioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrialQ9NNW7HumansKnownTributyltin inhibits thioredoxin reductase, leading to hydrogen peroxide production. (A185)
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTin
Chemspider IDNot Available
ChEBI ID30476
PubChem Compound ID4077523
Kegg Compound IDNot Available
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSLink
General References
  1. Nguyen TT, Foller M, Lang F: Tin triggers suicidal death of erythrocytes. J Appl Toxicol. 2009 Jan;29(1):79-83. doi: 10.1002/jat.1390. [PubMed: 18937211]
  2. Grun F, Blumberg B: Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6 Suppl):S50-5. Epub 2006 May 11. [PubMed: 16690801]
  3. Cardarelli N: Tin and the thymus gland: a review. Thymus. 1990 Jun;15(4):223-31. [PubMed: 2195720]
  4. Winship KA: Toxicity of tin and its compounds. Adverse Drug React Acute Poisoning Rev. 1988 Spring;7(1):19-38. [PubMed: 3291572]
  5. Wikipedia. Tributyltin. Last Updated 31 May 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributyltin
  6. ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for tin. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). - http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp55.html
  7. Wikipedia. Tin. Last Updated 28 May 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin