Lead perchlorate (CED0001945)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-06-19 21:58:38 UTC

Update Date

2026-04-05 20:20:06 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0001945

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM001154
T3D1335

Identification

Common Name

Lead perchlorate

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Lead perchlorate is an exogenous inorganic compound with the formula Cl2O8Pb and an average molecular weight of 406.10 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Lead perchlorate belongs to the post-transition metal perchlorates, a subclass of post-transition metal oxoanionic compounds within the inorganic compounds. This compound is released from or found in recorded sources including household cleaning and consumer products used for tobacco product moisture control, as well as electrical and electronic equipment such as relays, electric switches, and sparking plugs. Lead perchlorate interacts with several protein targets. It binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases, including the alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3, and subunit gamma forms. Lead binds to ACBP, which regulates processes such as insulin secretion, steroidogenesis, GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor modulation, acyl-CoA metabolism, and intestinal cholecystokinin release. It also binds to thymosin beta-4, an immunotransmitter involved in the stimulation of CaM-dependent kinases, GABA-A receptor complex function, and cytoskeleton modulation. Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release, and competitively inhibits calcium at protein kinase C (including alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon types), which alters the blood-brain barrier and impairs brain microvascular function and formation. Additionally, lead competitively inhibits calcium's binding of calmodulin, interfering with neurotransmitter release and altering the functioning of cAMP messenger pathways. Finally, lead inhibits ferrochelatase (mitochondrial) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), both of which prevents the biosynthesis of heme, a necessary cofactor of hemoglobin.

Contaminant Type

Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Lead Compound
Pollutant
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Lead perchloric acid	Generator

Chemical Formula

Cl₂O₈Pb

Average Molecular Mass

406.100 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

405.874 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

13637-76-8

IUPAC Name

(perchloryloxy)plumbyl perchlorate

Traditional Name

(perchloryloxy)plumbyl perchlorate

SMILES

O=[Cl](=O)(=O)O[Pb]O[Cl](=O)(=O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/2ClHO4.Pb/c2*2-1(3,4)5;/h2*(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;+2/p-2

InChI Key

XOYUVEPYBYHIFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as post-transition metal perchlorates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is perchlorate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a post-transition metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Post-transition metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Post-transition metal perchlorates

Direct Parent

Post-transition metal perchlorates

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Post-transition metal perchlorate
Inorganic lead salt
Inorganic post-transition metal salt
Inorganic oxide
Inorganic salt

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.27	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	120.88 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	23.63 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	12.69 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (8, 2, 3, 7)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (6)

Minimum Risk Level

Chronic Inhalation: 0.05 mg/m3 (5)

Symptoms

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (1, 4)

Treatment

Lead poisoning is usually treated with chelation therapy using DMSA, EDTA, or dimercaprol. (4)

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000517	Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000531	Relays?Relays are electromechanical switches used to control circuits and manage electrical loads.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000533	Sparking Plugs?Spark plugs are critical components in internal combustion engines, facilitating the ignition of fuel-air mixtures by generating a spark.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000568	Tobacco Product Moisture Control?Tobacco product moisture control involves the use of synthetic chemicals to manage the humidity levels in tobacco products, aiming to preserve flavor and extend shelf life.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000613	Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem

Pathways

0 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Q95323	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.069 Applicability Domain 0.079 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9994 Supporting Reference Compounds 64 E-value 7780.56
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.069 Applicability Domain 0.079 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 472 E-value 7784.77
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 1	P00915	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.068 Applicability Domain 0.08 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 407 E-value 7784.84
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 4	P22748	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.066 Applicability Domain 0.08 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 193 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Q16790	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.066 Applicability Domain 0.07 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 372 E-value 7784.84
Click to view 3D structure	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	P14780	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.065 Applicability Domain 0.079 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 292 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Neutrophil collagenase	P22894	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.064 Applicability Domain 0.079 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 176 E-value 7784.46
Click to view 3D structure	Maltase-glucoamylase	O43451	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.063 Applicability Domain 0.077 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 30 E-value 7783.05
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 12	O43570	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.063 Applicability Domain 0.07 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 332 E-value 7784.69
Click to view 3D structure	Leucine--tRNA ligase	P9WFV1	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.063 Applicability Domain 0.063 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.8564 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 6667.4
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 7	P43166	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.062 Applicability Domain 0.07 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 242 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Q9Y2D0	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.062 Applicability Domain 0.07 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 157 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	P35218	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.062 Applicability Domain 0.07 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 165 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Protein RecA	P9WHJ3	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.062 Applicability Domain 0.079 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 296 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	72 kDa type IV collagenase	P08253	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.062 Applicability Domain 0.07 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 400 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase	Q6P7A9	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.061 Applicability Domain 0.077 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9278 Supporting Reference Compounds 21 E-value 7223.16
Click to view 3D structure	Plasma kallikrein	P03952	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.061 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 158 E-value 7784.3
Click to view 3D structure	Kallikrein-5	Q9Y337	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.061 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9996 Supporting Reference Compounds 34 E-value 7781.5
Click to view 3D structure	Stromelysin-1	P08254	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.061 Applicability Domain 0.07 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 200 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase	O67625	Aquifex aeolicus (strain VF5)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.061 Applicability Domain 0.061 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.2035 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 1583.92
Click to view 3D structure	Interstitial collagenase	P03956	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.06 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 258 E-value 7784.53
Click to view 3D structure	Kallikrein-8	O60259	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.06 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.999 Supporting Reference Compounds 22 E-value 7776.83
Click to view 3D structure	Collagenase 3	P45452	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.06 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 269 E-value 7784.46
Click to view 3D structure	Prothrombin	P00734	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.06 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.0 Supporting Reference Compounds 331 E-value 7784.61
Click to view 3D structure	Suppressor of tumorigenicity 14 protein	Q9Y5Y6	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.059 Applicability Domain 0.065 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 74 E-value 7783.75
Click to view 3D structure	Acyl-CoA-binding protein	P07108	Humans	Known	Lead is known to bind ACBP, which is responsible for the regulation of various processes such as acyl-CoA metabolism, GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor modulation, steroidogenesis, intestinal cholecystokinin release, and insulin secretion. (A21)
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	P13716	Humans	Known	Lead inhibition of ALAD prevents the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (L21)
Click to view 3D structure	Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial	P22830	Humans	Known	Lead inhibition of ferrochelatase prevents the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (L21)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	Q05586	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	Q12879	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Q13224	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	Q14957	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	O15399	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	Q8TCU5	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	O60391	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor, affecting neurotransmitter release. (A22)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C alpha type	P17252	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C beta type	P05771	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C delta type	Q05655	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C epsilon type	Q02156	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C iota type	P41743	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Protein kinase C theta type	Q04759	Humans	Known	Lead exhibits competitive inhibition with calcium at protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. (L136)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1	P05023	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2	P50993	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3	P13637	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4	Q13733	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1	P05026	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2	P14415	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3	P54709	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma	P54710	Humans	Known	Lead binds to sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases. (A24)

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

61655

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Needleman HL, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN: The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood. An 11-year follow-up report. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 11;322(2):83-8. [PubMed: 2294437]
Gill KD, Gupta V, Sandhir R: Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated neurotransmitter release and neurobehavioural deficits following lead exposure. Cell Biochem Funct. 2003 Dec;21(4):345-53. [PubMed: 14624473]
Hashemzadeh-Gargari H, Guilarte TR: Divalent cations modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function at the glycine site. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Sep;290(3):1356-62. [PubMed: 10454514]
Wikipedia. Lead poisoning. Last Updated 3 March 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). - http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mrls/
International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. - http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Toxicological profile for lead. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). - http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.html
Ellenhorn MJ and Barceloux DG (1988). Diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning. Medical Toxicology. New York, New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc.
Baselt RC (2000). Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 5th ed. Foster City, CA: Chemical Toxicology Institute.

Lead perchlorate (CED0001945)

Structure for CHEM001154: Lead perchlorate

No pathways found

Structure