SynCED: 2,3-Dimethylbutane

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-06-30 20:56:10 UTC

Update Date

2026-08-23 07:11:20 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM001995

Identification

Common Name

2,3-Dimethylbutane

Class

Small Molecule

Description

2,3-Dimethylbutane is an isomer of hexane. Hexane is a chemical made from crude oil. It is highly flammable, and its vapors can be explosive. Pure hexane is used in laboratories. Most of the hexane used in industry is mixed with similar chemicals called solvents. The major use for solvents containing hexane is to extract vegetable oils from crops such as soybeans. These solvents are also used as cleaning agents in the printing, textile, furniture, and shoemaking industries. Certain kinds of special glues used in the roofing and shoe and leather industries also contain hexane. Several consumer products contain hexane, such as gasoline, quick-drying glues used in various hobbies, and rubber cement. (3)

Contaminant Sources

HPV EPA Chemicals
STOFF IDENT Compounds
T3DB toxins
ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals

Contaminant Type

Gasoline Additive/Component
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Organic Compound
Solvent
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
1,1,2,2-Tetramethylethane	ChEBI
23DMB	ChEBI
Biisopropyl	ChEBI
Diisopropyl	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₄

Average Molecular Mass

86.175 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

86.110 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

79-29-8

IUPAC Name

2,3-dimethylbutane

Traditional Name

2,3-dimethylbutane

SMILES

CC(C)C(C)C

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H14/c1-5(2)6(3)4/h5-6H,1-4H3

InChI Key

ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched alkanes. These are acyclic branched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Hydrocarbons

Class

Saturated hydrocarbons

Sub Class

Alkanes

Direct Parent

Branched alkanes

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Branched alkane
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Colorless liquid.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	-128.8°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	0.0225 mg/mL at 25°C [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.09 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.84	ALOGPS
logP	2.82	ChemAxon
logS	-3	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	29.3 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	11.93 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Oral (3) ;inhalation (3) ;dermal (3)

Mechanism of Toxicity

Hexane's toxicity is caused by it neurotoxic metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione. It damages the central and peripheral nervous system by causing axonal swelling and degeneration. 2,5-Hexanedione also reacts with lysine side-chain amino groups in axonal cytoskeletal proteins to form pyrroles. This results in neurofilament cross-linking and loss of function. (3)

Metabolism

Hexane is mainly absorbed via inhalation, as it is readily absorbed by the lungs. It is distributed throughout the body in the blood, and metabolized by mixed function oxidases in the liver to a number of metabolites. The initial reaction is oxidation by cytochrome P-450 isozymes to hexanols, predominantly 2-hexanol. Further reactions convert 2-hexanol to 2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanediol, 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 4,5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone and the neurotoxicant 2,5-hexanedione. Hexane metabolites are excreted in the urine, while unchanged hexane is excreted in expired air. (3)

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Pure hexane is used in laboratories. Most of the hexane used in industry is mixed with similar chemicals called solvents. The major use for solvents containing hexane is to extract vegetable oils from crops such as soybeans. These solvents are also used as cleaning agents in the printing, textile, furniture, and shoemaking industries. Certain kinds of special glues used in the roofing and shoe and leather industries also contain hexane. Several consumer products contain hexane, such as gasoline, quick-drying glues used in various hobbies, and rubber cement. (3)

Minimum Risk Level

Chronic Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (2)

Health Effects

Hexane mainly affects the nervous system. It causes degeneration of the peripheral nervous system (and eventually the central nervous system), starting with damage to the nerve axons. Exposure to hexane may also damage the lungs and reproductive system. (4, 5)

Symptoms

Breathing large amounts of hexane causes numbness in the feet and hands, followed by muscle weakness in the feet and lower legs. Continued exposure may lead to paralysis of the arms and legs. However, if removed from the exposure, recovery occurs in 6 months to a year. Inhalation of high concentrations produces first a state of mild euphoria, followed by somnolence with headaches and nausea. (3, 1)

Treatment

Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB0245401

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID