4-Aminopyridine (CED0002886)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-07-05 02:42:53 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 18:22:33 UTC
SynCED IDCED0002886
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • CHEM002080
  • T3D2553
Identification
Common Name4-Aminopyridine
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
4-Aminopyridine is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C5H6N2 and an average molecular weight of 94.11 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. 4-Aminopyridine belongs to the aminopyridines and derivatives, a subclass of pyridines and derivatives within the organic compounds. Biologically, this compound acts as a potassium channel blocker. Its recorded protein targets include the A-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND2, the A-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND3, Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 (KCNA1), Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 (KCNA4), and 13 other proteins. Due to these properties, it is used as an orphan drug and as an avicide. 4-Aminopyridine is found in or released from 19 recorded sources. Within healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, it is listed among unclassified nervous system drugs. It is also associated with food preservation, fermentation processes for beer, and various household cleaning and consumer products, including soap detergents, bleaching agents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, tobacco smoke filters, and non electric simulated smoking devices. Additionally, it is found in electrical and electronic equipment, such as amplifiers, antennas, discharge lamps, auxiliary devices, and conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials, among 6 other sources. The recorded exposure route for this compound is oral.
Contaminant Type
  • Amine
  • Drug
  • Human Neurotoxin
  • Industrial Precursor/Intermediate
  • Organic Compound
  • Potassium Channel Blocker
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
4-APChEBI
4-PyridinamineChEBI
4-PyridylamineChEBI
AmpyraChEBI
AvitrolChEBI
FampridinaChEBI
FampridineChEBI
FampridinumChEBI
gamma-AminopyridineChEBI
N07XX07ChEBI
p-AminopyridineChEBI
4-AminopyridineKegg
NeurelanKegg
FampyraKegg
g-AminopyridineGenerator
Γ-aminopyridineGenerator
DalfampridineChEBI
4 AminopyridineMeSH
4 Aminopyridine sustained releaseMeSH
PymadineMeSH
Fampridine SRMeSH
Fampridine-SRMeSH
4-Aminopyridine sustained releaseMeSH
VMI 103MeSH
Sustained release, 4-aminopyridineMeSH
VMI-103MeSH
Chemical FormulaC5H6N2
Average Molecular Mass94.115 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass94.053 g/mol
CAS Registry Number504-24-5
IUPAC Name1,4-dihydropyridin-4-imine
Traditional Name4-aminopyridine
SMILESN=C1C=CNC=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C5H6N2/c6-5-1-3-7-4-2-5/h1-4H,(H2,6,7)
InChI KeyNUKYPUAOHBNCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminopyridines and derivatives. These are organic heterocyclic compounds containing an amino group attached to a pyridine ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyridines and derivatives
Sub ClassAminopyridines and derivatives
Direct ParentAminopyridines and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Aminopyridine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceColourless solid (7).
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point157-161°C
Boiling Point273°C
Solubility74 g/L
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility6.73 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.65ALOGPS
logP0.29ChemAxon
logS-1.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.04ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)12.18ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area35.88 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity40.09 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability9.66 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-d76cf775a4e0c55c9a50Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-38892360ceafd0620f65Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-51326f026124a275802eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-bdf16d24f7f300bcac20Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-5fc3bcf86f00669faf88Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-66e0f38bd0aab60037dfNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-bcd6a6c53e7a2d9d3404Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002b-9000000000-3fe4f715dfb6e091d719Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002b-9000000000-a83c3015f770c5d5230bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002b-9000000000-e6a43885cc1f15e8fa0cNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004j-9000000000-3ba9365c05683adc3067Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fba-9000000000-89b6856fba31c7af9858Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fb9-9000000000-28ffe5713230b691f900Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0ufr-9000000000-0e5a60c0c7b08c359c50Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-9000000000-a46456374bb11088cf77Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-ddb0878d8656440d3615Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-2622d71d150ed8a3a352Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-2622d71d150ed8a3a352Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-2622d71d150ed8a3a352Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-2622d71d150ed8a3a352Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-59fe83943802dca34c29Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-3032fe1233f530a0fb82Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-db3488fb78425144da4fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-bd3accb6747e1b6d3edcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-fc8a37bba407db2ccea8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-3682a4ba8a2367e489b6Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-e1fe3f62abdee596bd63Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-6210856fe57b7a39913aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-94f30eff78a018241237Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-1eab301282884ad37c15Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-528d09e0c270f8302eddNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-ed8dcdfe19849c8493baNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-9000000000-fa30e42c965337f3398fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fb9-9000000000-822e55c0204c509f28feNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fb9-9000000000-30b066b720d58d41acf8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-56efbdb53ab712fa4245Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-7b7977fae5621733e6ccNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-b4248ba13412e267e272Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-f6af867d1980e2dfa05eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-9000000000-262a7501d690f7f563a7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002b-9000000000-c34dc1f9c6b1336df3acNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-9000000000-831e26fe47ef4257b605Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004j-9000000000-cb08520a58fbf093e220Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004j-9000000000-3bede2ce614e25259154Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004j-9000000000-378d00bf2e0899fd18f5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004l-9000000000-e18af00cc8d022997effNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004j-9000000000-29597ac3210016417effNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004j-9000000000-9f3db90d233f978f8191Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004l-9000000000-4934be18423c87094d82Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-b9ca65a501bd24b8adf5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9000000000-5b9ddb3af3ab551845d8Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0v00-9000000000-68383f33699a6453bc49Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-f240dc053a801a491f6cNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-1b9fe497d4864ae333efNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-9000000000-ea15c905b0157a6e6115Not AvailableView Spectrum
MSMS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-8298bac1cfd86955d1eeNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalToxicity RatingReference
20.0 mg/kg [20:29]RatLD50OralexperimentalNot Available8
3.7 mg/kg DogLD50OralexperimentalNot Available8
326.0 mg/kg RabbitLD50DermalexperimentalNot Available8
355.0 Log mg/kg [200:630]RatLD50oralpredictedNot AvailableNot Available
2.5 mg/kg-day RatLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
5.0 mM RatLOELenvironmentalexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.067 % w/v RatLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.25 mg/kg/min DogLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
20.0 mM RatNOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
40.0 mM RatLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
1.0 mL/kg MouseLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
5.0 ppm MouseLOELoralexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
5.5 mg/kg-day RatLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.3 mg/kg-day RatLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.15 mg/kg-day RatNOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
5.5 mg/kg-day RatNOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
6.0 mg/kg-day RatLOELinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
Toxicity / Toxin ClassNot Available
Mechanism of Toxicity4-Aminopyridine blocks potassium channels and thereby increases acetylcholine, and possibly noradrenaline, release at nerve terminals (1). In MS, axons are progressively demyelinated which exposes potassium channels. As a result, there is a leak of potassium ions which results in the repolarization of cells and a decrease in neuronal excitability. The overall impact is the impairment of neuromuscular transmission as it is harder to trigger an action potential. Dalfampridine inhibits voltage-gated potassium channels in the CNS to maintain the transmembrane potential and prolong action potential. In other words, dalfampridine works to make sure that the current available is high enough to stimulate conduction in demyelinated axons that are exposed in MS patients. Furthermore, it facilitates neuromuscular and synaptic transmission by relieving conduction blocks in demyelinated axons. LD50, oral, mouse = 19 mg/kg LD50, oral, rat = 21 mg/kg
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsLocal irritation on contact with the skin, mucous membranes and cornea. Symptoms floowing ingestion include vomiting, Weakness, dizziness, disorientation, hyperexcitability, tremors, periorbital paresthesias and tonic-clonic seizures may be noted (10, 12, 9).
TreatmentAdminister charcoal as a slurry. Consider gastric lavage after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. Following inhalation, move patient to fresh air and monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If the exposure occurs through dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. (10)
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionDescriptionReference
multiple sclerosisHas Therapeutic Effect OnNot AvailableA demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring. (DO)PMC7609673
multiple sclerosisNot AvailableNot AvailableA demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring. (DO)PMC11894582 , PMC4950977
status epilepticusAssociated With?Not AvailableNot AvailablePMC7605468
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
CEDs000010Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000233Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000384Unclassified nervous system drugs?Unclassified nervous system drugs encompass a wide range of synthetic chemicals that are designed to affect the central and peripheral nervous systems.Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
CEDs000505Amplifiers?Amplifiers, commonly used in various electronic devices to enhance signal strength, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and processes involved in their production and disposal.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000506Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000507Auxiliary Devices?Auxiliary devices, such as capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, are integral components in various electronic systems.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000514Discharge Lamps?Discharge lamps, including fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, are commonly used for lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and brightness.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000517Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000518Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000519Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000524Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000527Magnets?Magnets, commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000530Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000544Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000545Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000555Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000559Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000561Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000563Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000569Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000581Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000596Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000597Chemosterilants?Chemosterilants are synthetic chemicals designed to induce sterility in target pest populations, thereby controlling their reproduction and mitigating damage to crops.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000600Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000602Molluscicides?Molluscicides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control and eliminate mollusks, such as snails and slugs, which can be detrimental to crops and agricultural productivity.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000603Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000604Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000605Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000606Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000607Rodenticides(1)?Rodenticides are synthetic chemicals specifically formulated to control rodent populations, serving as a crucial tool in managing pests that can damage crops and spread diseases.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000608Rodenticides?Rodenticides are chemical substances specifically designed to control rodent populations by causing death through various mechanisms, including anticoagulation or neurotoxicity.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000609Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000610Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000611Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000614Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000615Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000618Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000620Card Games?Card games often utilize synthetic materials for playing cards and associated gaming equipment, which may contain various chemicals such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plastics, and dyes.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000632Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000633Azo Dyes?Azo dyes are synthetic organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups (-N=N-), which are widely used for coloring textiles, leather, and furnishings.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000640Embroidering And Tufting?Embroidering and tufting processes often involve the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, adhesives, and finishing agents.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000642Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000647Multicolour Dyeing?Multicolour dyeing involves the application of multiple synthetic dyes to textiles and other materials to achieve vibrant, diverse color patterns.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000648Nitro Dyes?Nitro dyes are synthetic colorants that contain nitro groups (-NO2) in their chemical structure.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000653Sewing?Sewing processes often involve the use of various synthetic chemicals, which can become sources of contamination in the environment.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000662Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000678Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000679Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000685Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000688Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000693Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000696Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000734Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000735Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.Defense & military infrastructurePubChem
CEDs000739Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000740Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000741Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000743Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
CEDs000744Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
Pathways
2 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Click to view 3D structureProline racemaseQ9L4Q3Clostridium sticklandiiPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.192
Applicability Domain
0.192 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
5.70e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
4.43741
Cytochrome P450 3A4 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 3A4P08684HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.18
Applicability Domain
0.242 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.984
Supporting Reference Compounds
1538
E-value
7660.21
Histamine H3 receptor structureClick to view 3D structureHistamine H3 receptorQ9Y5N1HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.172
Applicability Domain
0.194 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8898
Supporting Reference Compounds
294
E-value
6927.33
Click to view 3D structureIndolethylamine N-methyltransferaseO97972Oryctolagus cuniculusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.167
Applicability Domain
0.231 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
7.10e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
2
E-value
5.52729
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureTrace amine-associated receptor 1Q96RJ0HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.166
Applicability Domain
0.194 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.5653
Supporting Reference Compounds
63
E-value
4400.66
Histamine H4 receptor structureClick to view 3D structureHistamine H4 receptorQ9H3N8HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.165
Applicability Domain
0.172 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8534
Supporting Reference Compounds
150
E-value
6643.96
Cytochrome P450 1A2 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 1A2P05177HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.165
Applicability Domain
0.242 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9833
Supporting Reference Compounds
793
E-value
7654.76
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Q99720HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.165
Applicability Domain
0.179 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9677
Supporting Reference Compounds
562
E-value
7533.31
Click to view 3D structureNorepinephrine transporterQ9WTR4Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.164
Applicability Domain
0.179 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.6258
Supporting Reference Compounds
112
E-value
4871.8
Click to view 3D structureSodium-dependent dopamine transporterP23977Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.162
Applicability Domain
0.179 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.7672
Supporting Reference Compounds
203
E-value
5972.98
Cytochrome P450 2C19 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2C19P33261HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.162
Applicability Domain
0.242 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9895
Supporting Reference Compounds
825
E-value
7702.87
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G structureClick to view 3D structureDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3GQ9HC16HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.162
Applicability Domain
0.31
Statistical Significance
0.6343
Supporting Reference Compounds
76
E-value
4937.66
Click to view 3D structureSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Q9R0C9Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.161
Applicability Domain
0.179 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.797
Supporting Reference Compounds
207
E-value
6204.97
Carbonic anhydrase 2 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 2P00918HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.161
Applicability Domain
0.19 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9335
Supporting Reference Compounds
472
E-value
7267.22
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor structureClick to view 3D structureAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorP08913HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.159
Applicability Domain
0.162 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9792
Supporting Reference Compounds
487
E-value
7623.0
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A structureClick to view 3D structureAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AP21397HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.159
Applicability Domain
0.171 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9189
Supporting Reference Compounds
241
E-value
7153.25
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3A structureClick to view 3D structureDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3AP31941HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.159
Applicability Domain
0.31
Statistical Significance
0.4387
Supporting Reference Compounds
28
E-value
3415.17
Carbonic anhydrase 12 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 12O43570HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.159
Applicability Domain
0.19 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9022
Supporting Reference Compounds
332
E-value
7023.48
Click to view 3D structureHistamine H3 receptorQ9JI35Cavia porcellusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.159
Applicability Domain
0.172 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.5957
Supporting Reference Compounds
56
E-value
4637.63
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 structureClick to view 3D structureIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1P14902HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.158
Applicability Domain
0.174 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8288
Supporting Reference Compounds
108
E-value
6452.3
Click to view 3D structureSodium-dependent serotonin transporterP31652Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.157
Applicability Domain
0.176 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9202
Supporting Reference Compounds
297
E-value
7163.84
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AP28223HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.156
Applicability Domain
0.163 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9895
Supporting Reference Compounds
955
E-value
7703.34
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AP08908HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.155
Applicability Domain
0.167 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9865
Supporting Reference Compounds
953
E-value
7679.67
Cytochrome P450 2A6 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2A6P11509HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.155
Applicability Domain
0.172 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.5712
Supporting Reference Compounds
68
E-value
4446.75
Click to view 3D structureHistamine H3 receptorQ9QYN8Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.155
Applicability Domain
0.172 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8133
Supporting Reference Compounds
80
E-value
6331.4
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3 structureClick to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3P22001HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1Q09470HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10Q16322HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2P16389HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4P22459HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5P22460HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 6P17658HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 7Q96RP8HumansKnownNot Available
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 structureClick to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1Q14721HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structurePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2Q92953HumansKnownNot Available
Voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1 structureClick to view 3D structureVoltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1P48547HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structureVoltage-gated potassium channel KCNC2Q96PR1HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structureVoltage-gated potassium channel KCNC3Q14003HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structureA-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND1Q9NSA2HumansKnownNot Available
A-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND2 structureClick to view 3D structureA-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND2Q9NZV8HumansKnownNot Available
A-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND3 structureClick to view 3D structureA-type voltage-gated potassium channel KCND3Q9UK17HumansKnownNot Available
Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2 structureClick to view 3D structureVoltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2Q12809HumansKnownNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB06637
HMDB IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDalfampridine
Chemspider IDNot Available
ChEBI ID34385
PubChem Compound ID1727
Kegg Compound IDC13728
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis Reference

Fabio GARAVAGLIA, Alessandro BAROZZA, Jacopo ROLETTO, Paolo PAISSONI, “ONE-POT PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF DALFAMPRIDINE.” U.S. Patent US20110319628, issued December 29, 2011.

MSDSNot Available
General References
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  2. Judge SI, Bever CT Jr: Potassium channel blockers in multiple sclerosis: neuronal Kv channels and effects of symptomatic treatment. Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul;111(1):224-59. Epub 2006 Feb 9. [PubMed: 16472864]
  3. Panitch H, Applebee A: Treatment of walking impairment in multiple sclerosis: an unmet need for a disease-specific disability. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011 Jul;12(10):1511-21. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2011.586338. Epub 2011 Jun 2. [PubMed: 21635193]
  4. Pikoulas TE, Fuller MA: Dalfampridine: a medication to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ann Pharmacother. 2012 Jul-Aug;46(7-8):1010-5. doi: 10.1345/aph.1Q714. Epub 2012 Jul 3. [PubMed: 22764324]
  5. Cornblath DR, Bienen EJ, Blight AR: The safety profile of dalfampridine extended release in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Clin Ther. 2012 May;34(5):1056-69. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.03.007. Epub 2012 Apr 11. [PubMed: 22497693]
  6. McDonald S, Clements JN: Dalfampridine: a new agent for symptomatic management of multiple sclerosis. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2011 Dec 15;68(24):2335-40. doi: 10.2146/ajhp110134. [PubMed: 22135060]
  7. Wikipedia. 4-Aminopyridine. Last Updated 8 May 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Aminopyridine
  8. Extension Toxicology Network (1996). Pesticide Information Profile for 4-Aminopyridine. A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Michigan State University, Oregon State University, and University of California at Davis. - http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/4-aminop.htm
  9. Lewis RJ (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  10. Rumack BH (2009). POISINDEX(R) Information System. Englewood, CO: Micromedex, Inc. CCIS Volume 141, edition expires Aug, 2009.
  11. Gosselin RE, Smith RP, and Hodge HC (1984). Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
  12. International Labour Office (1983). Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes. I and II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.