Gamma-Butyrolactone (CED0003834)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-07-05 03:12:29 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 18:09:54 UTC
SynCED IDCED0003834
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • CHEM002088
  • T3D2562
Identification
Common NameGamma-Butyrolactone
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Gamma-Butyrolactone belongs to the gamma butyrolactones, a subclass of lactones within the organic compounds. This organoheterocyclic compound has the formula C4H6O2 and an average molecular weight of 86.09 g/mol. It is an endogenous liquid that has been detected in neuron and adipose tissues. Its recorded protein target is O-GlcNAcase NagJ (nagJ). Industrial applications for the compound include use as a solvent (PMC9657050 ), deodorizer, fragrance, and as a nutrient and flavouring. In the context of plastics, it is used in polystyrene, though its status in high-density polyethylene remains inconclusive. Biologically, it acts as a neurotoxin. The compound is found in or released from 28 recorded sources. These include building and construction materials such as ceilings, as well as electrical and electronic equipment including antennas, coils, amplifiers, communication cables or conductors, and conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials. It is also present in household cleaning and consumer products, including soap detergents, bleaching agents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, cigar cigarettes, and other smoking requisites. Additionally, it is associated with food contact materials and food processing, specifically the processing of meats, food preservation, the preparation of wine or sparkling wine, and fermentation processes for beer. Recorded exposure routes for the compound include touch, oral, and inhalation.
Contaminant Type
  • Ester
  • Ether
  • Food Toxin
  • Household Toxin
  • Indicator and Reagent
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Organic Compound
  • Solvent
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,2-ButanolideChEBI
1,4-ButanolideChEBI
1,4-LactoneChEBI
4-ButyrolactoneChEBI
4-Deoxytetronic acidChEBI
4-Hydroxybutyric acid lactoneChEBI
ButyrolactoneChEBI
Dihydro-2(3H)-furanoneChEBI
gamma-ButanolactoneChEBI
gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid lactoneChEBI
gamma-HydroxybutyrolactoneChEBI
Tetrahydrofuran-2-oneChEBI
4-DeoxytetronateGenerator
4-Hydroxybutyrate lactoneGenerator
g-ButanolactoneGenerator
Γ-butanolactoneGenerator
g-Hydroxybutyrate lactoneGenerator
g-Hydroxybutyric acid lactoneGenerator
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate lactoneGenerator
Γ-hydroxybutyrate lactoneGenerator
Γ-hydroxybutyric acid lactoneGenerator
g-HydroxybutyrolactoneGenerator
Γ-hydroxybutyrolactoneGenerator
g-ButyrolactoneGenerator
Γ-butyrolactoneGenerator
1-Oxacyclopentan-2-oneHMDB
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2-furanoneHMDB
2-OxolanoneHMDB
2-OxotetrahydrofuranHMDB
4,5-Dihydro-2(3H)-furanoneHMDB
4-ButanolideHMDB
4-Hydroxy-butanoateHMDB
4-Hydroxy-butanoic acidHMDB
4-Hydroxy-butanoic acid g-lactoneHMDB
4-HydroxybutanoateHMDB
4-Hydroxybutanoic acidHMDB
4-Hydroxybutanoic acid lactoneHMDB
Butyric acid lactoneHMDB
g-ButalactoneHMDB
g-ButyryllactoneHMDB
gamma-ButalactoneHMDB
gamma-ButyryllactoneHMDB
GBLHMDB
Paint clean gHMDB
Tetrahydro-2-furanoneHMDB
4 ButyrolactoneHMDB
gamma ButyrolactoneHMDB
Furanone, tetrahydro 2HMDB
1,4 ButanolideHMDB
4 Hydroxybutyric acid lactoneHMDB
Lactone, 4-hydroxybutyric acidHMDB
gamma-ButyrolactoneMeSH
Chemical FormulaC4H6O2
Average Molecular Mass86.089 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass86.037 g/mol
CAS Registry Number96-48-0
IUPAC Nameoxolan-2-one
Traditional Namebutyrolactone
SMILESO=C1CCCO1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C4H6O2/c5-4-2-1-3-6-4/h1-3H2
InChI KeyYEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma butyrolactones. Gamma butyrolactones are compounds containing a gamma butyrolactone moiety, which consists of an aliphatic five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and bears a ketone group on the carbon adjacent to the oxygen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassLactones
Sub ClassGamma butyrolactones
Direct ParentGamma butyrolactones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Gamma butyrolactone
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Oxacycle
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Neuron
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceColorless oily liquid (14).
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point-45°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility1000.0 mg/mL
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility238 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.11ALOGPS
logP0.15ChemAxon
logS0.44ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area26.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity20.31 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability8.23 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-004l-9000000000-500445dc73cb69119e6bNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-c2f6d51e7b2f9ce1e9f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-9000000000-d3df175d3315ed446e14Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-004l-9000000000-500445dc73cb69119e6bNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-c2f6d51e7b2f9ce1e9f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-9000000000-d3df175d3315ed446e14Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-9000000000-bd4b413f20907d13a107Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-4a6de93563809aa51a33Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-4a6de93563809aa51a33Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-b5163f6eb1e8004e61a9Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004l-9000000000-1066d349a6023c66dd64Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-c2f6d51e7b2f9ce1e9f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-9000000000-d3df175d3315ed446e14Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-507998514018a44c4cf0Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000l-9000000000-d4ec4947321dfb11fab4Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-b2a1436205f5365513b0Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-fb7c9ada825a0c62979fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000l-9000000000-95fda8a898d02f7e71ffNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000l-9000000000-c8282365f175b61ca8c0Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-ec20127c74818b1f634dNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-052r-9000000000-86d21b481322417edf81Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-4f454124d6cece18a212Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-9000000000-709821dd006aa045c8b0Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-ffe2d9473d85a58305c1Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-a4219a074939d10a0f5fNot AvailableView Spectrum
MSMS Spectrumsplash10-004l-9000000000-2fc3f4165b5808b41e93Not AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, H2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, H2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalToxicity RatingReference
2567.0 Log mg/kg [1400:4600]RatLD50oralpredictedNot AvailableNot Available
Toxicity / Toxin ClassNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityGamma-butyrolactone is rapidly converted to gamma-hydroxybutyrate. This may account for the subsequent central nervous system depressant. Gamma-butyrolactone is an anesthetic that causes a selective increase in brain dopamine by antagonizing transmitter release from nerve terminal. It is also an endogenous brain metabolite that may be derived from glutamate through gamma-aminobutyrate. GBL binds to the picrotoxin receptor (2, 1).
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (13)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsHeadache, confusion, ataxia, urinary incontinence or urgency, difficulty breathing, bradycardia, uncontrollable shaking, hallucinations, seizure-like activity (uncontrollable or unusual movements), and acidosis. Hypothermia has been reported in adults and children following exposure (15).
TreatmentIn case of oral exposure, administer a benzodiazepine IV. There is no antidote. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. (15)
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionDescriptionReference
Alzheimer's diseaseNot AvailableNot AvailableA neurodegenerative disease which causes neural atrophy, leading to dementia and memory loss.PMC7967234
Parkinson's diseaseNot AvailableNot AvailableA long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms generally come on slowly over time.PMC7967234
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
CEDs000010Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000494Food contact materials?Food contact materials refer to substances and products that are intended to come into contact with food during processing, packaging, or preparation.Food, food processing & cookwareNot Available
CEDs000495Ceilings?Ceilings in built environments can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and finishes.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000505Amplifiers?Amplifiers, commonly used in various electronic devices to enhance signal strength, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and processes involved in their production and disposal.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000506Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000508Coils?Coils are components used in various electrical and electronic applications, such as transformers, inductors, and motors.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000510Communication Cables Or Conductors?Communication cables or conductors are essential components in the transmission of data and signals in various applications, including telecommunications and networking.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000512Contacts?Contacts in electrical and electronic equipment are components that facilitate the flow of electricity between circuits.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000514Discharge Lamps?Discharge lamps, including fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, are commonly used for lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and brightness.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000517Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000518Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000519Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000520Emergency Protective Devices?Emergency protective devices, such as circuit breakers and surge protectors, are essential components in electrical systems designed to prevent damage from overcurrent and surges.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000521Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000524Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000529Power Cables?Power cables are used to transmit electrical energy and are typically composed of conductive materials, insulation, and protective coatings.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000531Relays?Relays are electromechanical switches used to control circuits and manage electrical loads.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000539Video Games?Video games, through their production and disposal processes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000544Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000545Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine?The preparation of wine or sparkling wine involves various stages, including fermentation, aging, and bottling, which can introduce potential sources of synthetic chemical contamination.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000552Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000555Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000556Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000560Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000561Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000563Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000569Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000581Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000583Anchoring Equipment?Anchoring equipment, commonly used in marine applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings utilized in their manufacturing.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000595Ships?Ships, as vehicles for international trade and transportation, can be significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination in marine environments.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000596Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000598Fertiliser Distributors?Fertiliser distributors play a critical role in the supply of synthetic fertilizers, which are widely used to enhance soil fertility and crop yield.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000600Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000602Molluscicides?Molluscicides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control and eliminate mollusks, such as snails and slugs, which can be detrimental to crops and agricultural productivity.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000603Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000604Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000605Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000606Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000609Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000610Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000611Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000614Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000615Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000616Face Mask Cosmetics?Face mask cosmetics often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including preservatives, emulsifiers, and fragrances, which can contribute to chemical contamination.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000617Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000618Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000630Toys?Toys, particularly those made from synthetic materials such as plastics, can be a source of chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and compounds used in their production.Recreation & sports surfacesPubChem
CEDs000632Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000642Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000650Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000657Surface Finishing Of Leather?Surface finishing of leather often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, resins, and finishing agents.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000659Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000662Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000671Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.Aviation & AerospacePubChem
CEDs000678Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000679Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000685Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000686Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000688Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000692Silica Free Oxide Glass?Silica Free Oxide Glass is a type of glass that is produced using alternative materials to traditional silica-based formulations.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000693Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000696Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000698Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.Mining & metal processingPubChem
CEDs000707Books?Books can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the use of various chemicals in their production and preservation processes.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000716Erasers?Erasers, commonly used in writing and drawing applications, are often made from synthetic rubber or thermoplastic materials, which can contain various additives such as plasticizers, fillers, and colorants.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000717Fountain Pens?Fountain pens utilize a liquid ink that often contains synthetic chemicals, including dyes, pigments, and solvents, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000720Ink Reservoir Pens2?Ink reservoir pens are writing instruments that utilize a reservoir to store ink, which is often composed of synthetic dyes, solvents, and additives.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000726Pens?Pens, commonly utilized for writing and marking, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily due to the materials used in their manufacturing.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000727Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000734Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000735Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.Defense & military infrastructurePubChem
CEDs000736Fuses?Fuses are safety devices designed to protect electrical circuits by breaking the circuit when excessive current flows through.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000739Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000740Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000741Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000742Leather Tanning?Leather tanning is a process that transforms raw animal hides into durable leather through the application of various chemicals, including chromium salts, aldehydes, and vegetable tannins.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000743Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
CEDs000744Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
CEDs01154Human MilkFood, food processing & cookwarePMC9415462
CEDs01832Plastic Packaging MaterialsPackagingPMC6687705
Pathways
0 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Epidermal growth factor receptor structureClick to view 3D structureEpidermal growth factor receptorP00533HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.168
Applicability Domain
0.211 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.982
Supporting Reference Compounds
1301
E-value
7645.1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 1Q13255HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.167
Applicability Domain
0.189 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.6605
Supporting Reference Compounds
68
E-value
5142.1
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 structureClick to view 3D structureMetabotropic glutamate receptor 5P41594HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.167
Applicability Domain
0.182 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.7461
Supporting Reference Compounds
89
E-value
5808.64
Click to view 3D structureProtoporphyrinogen oxidase, chloroplasticQ9AR38Oryza sativa subsp. japonicaPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.167
Applicability Domain
0.176 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.0053
Supporting Reference Compounds
2
E-value
41.1044
Progesterone receptor structureClick to view 3D structureProgesterone receptorP06401HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.165
Applicability Domain
0.233 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8036
Supporting Reference Compounds
119
E-value
6255.96
Transcriptional activator protein TraR structureClick to view 3D structureTranscriptional activator protein TraRP33905Agrobacterium tumefaciensPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.165
Applicability Domain
0.174 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.0734
Supporting Reference Compounds
8
E-value
571.803
Click to view 3D structureMineralocorticoid receptorP22199Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.164
Applicability Domain
0.233 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.0445
Supporting Reference Compounds
12
E-value
346.74
Click to view 3D structureTranscriptional activator protein LuxRP12746Aliivibrio fischeriPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.163
Applicability Domain
0.167 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.1094
Supporting Reference Compounds
9
E-value
851.359
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1P11229HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.163
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9654
Supporting Reference Compounds
385
E-value
7515.25
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5P08912HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.163
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9371
Supporting Reference Compounds
266
E-value
7295.17
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2P08172HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.163
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9667
Supporting Reference Compounds
373
E-value
7525.45
HTH-type quorum-sensing regulator RhlR structureClick to view 3D structureHTH-type quorum-sensing regulator RhlRP54292Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / PAO1 / 1C / PRS 101 / LMG12228)Predicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.163
Applicability Domain
0.163 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.0339
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
264.142
Click to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1P08482Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.162
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.7726
Supporting Reference Compounds
109
E-value
6014.32
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CP28335HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.207
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.7353
Supporting Reference Compounds
823
E-value
5724.25
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DP28221HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.207
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.5366
Supporting Reference Compounds
365
E-value
4177.78
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AP28223HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.202
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8081
Supporting Reference Compounds
955
E-value
6291.0
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AP08908HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.202
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.7858
Supporting Reference Compounds
953
E-value
6117.55
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AP14842Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.202
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.5453
Supporting Reference Compounds
380
E-value
4245.43
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BP41595HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.2
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.805
Supporting Reference Compounds
686
E-value
6267.1
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1BQ9Y463HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.188
Applicability Domain
0.211 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8203
Supporting Reference Compounds
377
E-value
6385.89
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1AQ13627HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.188
Applicability Domain
0.211 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.9104
Supporting Reference Compounds
906
E-value
7087.16
Bile salt-activated lipase structureClick to view 3D structureBile salt-activated lipaseP30122Bos taurusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.184
Applicability Domain
0.19 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.002
Supporting Reference Compounds
2
E-value
15.4141
Click to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AP19327Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.184
Applicability Domain
0.222 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8242
Supporting Reference Compounds
541
E-value
6416.64
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2Q92630HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.181
Applicability Domain
0.211 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.7607
Supporting Reference Compounds
196
E-value
5922.3
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK1 structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity protein kinase CLK1P49759HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.179
Applicability Domain
0.211 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.8342
Supporting Reference Compounds
268
E-value
6494.18
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB04699
HMDB IDHMDB0000549
FooDB IDFDB003392
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00053167
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID5533
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGamma-Butyrolactone
Chemspider ID7029
ChEBI ID42639
PubChem Compound ID7302
Kegg Compound IDC01770
YMDB IDYMDB01418
ECMDB IDM2MDB005646
References
Synthesis Reference

Fabio Giannessi, Maria Ornella Tinti, Francesco De Angelis, “Process for producing®-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone useful for preparing®-carnitine.” U.S. Patent US6127552, issued February, 1998.

MSDSLink
General References
  1. Holland KD, Yoon KW, Ferrendelli JA, Covey DF, Rothman SM: Gamma-butyrolactone antagonism of the picrotoxin receptor: comparison of a pure antagonist and a mixed antagonist/inverse agonist. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Jan;39(1):79-84. [PubMed: 1846222]
  2. Zhang M, Hu P, Krois CR, Kane MA, Napoli JL: Altered vitamin A homeostasis and increased size and adiposity in the rdh1-null mouse. FASEB J. 2007 Sep;21(11):2886-96. Epub 2007 Apr 13. [PubMed: 17435174]
  3. McMahon LR, Cunningham KA: Role of 5-HT(2a) and 5-HT(2B/2C) receptors in the behavioral interactions between serotonin and catecholamine reuptake inhibitors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Mar;24(3):319-29. [PubMed: 11166521]
  4. Winter JC, Fiorella DJ, Helsley SE, Rabin RA: Partial generalization of (-)DOM to fluvoxamine in the rat: implications for SSRI-induced mania and psychosis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 1999 Sep;2(3):165-172. [PubMed: 11281985]
  5. Fukui Y, Matsusima E, Muramoto K, Nagai N, Ohama K, Yamashita K: Validation of a simple gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of gamma-butyrolactone in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Feb 25;785(1):73-80. [PubMed: 12535840]
  6. Thupari JN, Landree LE, Ronnett GV, Kuhajda FP: C75 increases peripheral energy utilization and fatty acid oxidation in diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 9;99(14):9498-502. Epub 2002 Jun 11. [PubMed: 12060712]
  7. Wood M, Laloup M, Samyn N, Morris MR, de Bruijn EA, Maes RA, Young MS, Maes V, De Boeck G: Simultaneous analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and its precursors in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2004 Nov 12;1056(1-2):83-90. [PubMed: 15595536]
  8. Quintanilla RA, Orellana DI, Gonzalez-Billault C, Maccioni RB: Interleukin-6 induces Alzheimer-type phosphorylation of tau protein by deregulating the cdk5/p35 pathway. Exp Cell Res. 2004 Apr 15;295(1):245-57. [PubMed: 15051507]
  9. Knust U, Hull WE, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H, Strowitzki T, Owen RW: Analysis of enterolignan glucuronides in serum and urine by HPLC-ESI-MS. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Jul;44(7):1038-49. Epub 2006 Feb 20. [PubMed: 16488523]
  10. Selmaoui B, Aymard N, Lambrozo J, Touitou Y: Evaluation of the nocturnal levels of urinary biogenic amines in men exposed overnight to 50-Hz magnetic field. Life Sci. 2003 Oct 31;73(24):3073-82. [PubMed: 14550848]
  11. Oshima I, Saito S, Shiota K, Miyake A, Oka Y, Nakayama R: Kinetic study on disappearance of gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide (DN-1417) from plasma using a radioimmunoassay for DN-1417 isobutylamide. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1983 Mar;6(3):202-8. [PubMed: 6410041]
  12. Yeatman DT, Reid K: A study of urinary endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) levels. J Anal Toxicol. 2003 Jan-Feb;27(1):40-2. [PubMed: 12587682]
  13. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. - http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php
  14. Wikipedia. Gamma-Butyrolactone. Last Updated 1 August 2009. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Butyrolactone
  15. Rumack BH (2009). POISINDEX(R) Information System. Englewood, CO: Micromedex, Inc. CCIS Volume 141, edition expires Aug, 2009.
  16. Ellenhorn MJ, Schonwald S, Ordog G, Wasserberger J (1997). Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
  17. NIOSH (1990). NOES: National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to specific agents by 2-digit standard industrial classification (SIC). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication.
  18. BG Chemie (2000). Toxicological Evaluation No. 7: gamma-Butyrolactone (96-48-0).