Cholecalciferol (CED0002119)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:26:12 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:24:26 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0002119

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002135
T3D2703

Identification

Common Name

Cholecalciferol

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Cholecalciferol belongs to the vitamin d and derivatives, a subclass of steroids and steroid derivatives within the organic compounds. This endogenous solid has the formula C27H44O and an average molecular weight of 384.64 g/mol. Biologically, it functions as a hormone and a human metabolite. Industrially, it is utilized as a pharmaceutical, a biocide, a softener and conditioner, and a flavouring and nutrient. It is found in vitamins and drugs for the treatment of bone diseases, as well as in food processing, household cleaning and consumer products, and electrical and electronic equipment. Recorded exposure routes include oral, intravenous, topical, and cutaneous. The compound targets the Vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), Vitamin D-binding protein (GC), Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), and mitochondrial sterol 26-hydroxylase (CYP27A1). The first step in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation catalysed by 25-hydroxylase in the liver, followed by other enzymes. Mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form, calcitriol, binds to intracellular receptors that function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Cholecalciferol is used in the treatment of osteoporosis (PMC5513807), osteomalacia (PMC2253556), muscle weakness (PMC6727385), and gastrointestinal bleeding (PMC5292121). It has a therapeutic effect on multiple sclerosis (PMC10341810). Associated health effects include hypercalcemia (PMC10341810) and bleeding (PMC5292121).

Contaminant Type

Antihypocalcemic Agent
Antihypoparathyroid Agent
Antithyroid Agent
Bone Density Conservation Agent
Drug
Essential Vitamin
Food Toxin
Household Toxin
Metabolite
Nutraceutical
Organic Compound
Synthetic Compound
Vitamin
Vitamin D

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(+)-Vitamin D3	ChEBI
(1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3AR,7as)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidene-cyclohexan-1-ol	ChEBI
(3beta,5Z,7E)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol	ChEBI
(5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol	ChEBI
Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol	ChEBI
CC	ChEBI
Cholecalciferol	ChEBI
Colecalciferol	ChEBI
Delta-D	ChEBI
Oleovitamin D3	ChEBI
Calciol	Kegg
(3b,5Z,7E)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol	Generator
(3Β,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol	Generator
δ-D	Generator
7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL	HMDB
ACTIVATED	HMDB
VITAMIN D	HMDB
Dihydrocholesterol	HMDB
Vitamin D 3	HMDB
(3 beta,5Z,7E)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol	HMDB
Cholecalciferols	HMDB
Vitamin D3	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₂₇H₄₄O

Average Molecular Mass

384.638 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

384.339 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

67-97-0

IUPAC Name

(1S,3Z)-3-{2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-octahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol

Traditional Name

vitamin D3

SMILES

CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@@]2([H])\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C27H44O/c1-19(2)8-6-9-21(4)25-15-16-26-22(10-7-17-27(25,26)5)12-13-23-18-24(28)14-11-20(23)3/h12-13,19,21,24-26,28H,3,6-11,14-18H2,1-2,4-5H3/b22-12+,23-13-/t21-,24+,25-,26+,27-/m1/s1

InChI Key

QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as vitamin d and derivatives. Vitamin D and derivatives are compounds containing a secosteroid backbone, usually secoergostane or secocholestane.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Steroids and steroid derivatives

Sub Class

Vitamin D and derivatives

Direct Parent

Vitamin D and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Triterpenoid
Cyclic alcohol
Secondary alcohol
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Alcohol
Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

secondary alcohol (CHEBI:28940 )
steroid hormone (CHEBI:28940 )
seco-cholestane (CHEBI:28940 )
hydroxy seco-steroid (CHEBI:28940 )
D3 vitamins (CHEBI:28940 )
Vitamin D3 and derivatives (C05443 )
Fat-soluble vitamins (C05443 )
Vitamin D3 and derivatives (LMST03020000 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

human metabolite ?
hormone ?A chemical produced in animals or plant that regulate the activity of certain organs or control processes in other parts of the plant.

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	84.5°C
Boiling Point	496.4°C
Solubility	Insoluble

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.00038 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	7.98	ALOGPS
logP	7.13	ChemAxon
logS	-6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	18.38	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-1.3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	20.23 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	6	ChemAxon
Refractivity	123.22 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	49.63 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0aou-3029000000-1950c74de34369a70400	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-002f-9207800000-c6f808a014153de38d58	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014r-0129000000-80de8aabbfb587d8f7b9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0abi-2595000000-1f5db35cc732efef5e27	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0pb9-7195000000-b742ddd81b2f98395fab	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0009000000-70f22151bd69b3307086	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0009000000-7ff3c3cf4e98856a166b	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-1249000000-8756607b9fd7d6008ac9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0459000000-cdb5561f3458bde4c2f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0kmj-7494000000-5a36ac0547956f9ac058	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-3930000000-c62b5a8a92e3487b90ed	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0009000000-bfd82bd18d8804cfa1d2	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0009000000-d168cadb843f05c02d05	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0539000000-277213cec95d0ba155c5	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
19.0 Log mg/kg [10:34]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available
20000.0 IU/kg	Rat	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
10000.0 IU/kg	Rat	NOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
5000.0 IU/kg	Rat	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
54000.0 IU/kg diet	Dog	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
12.5 mg/kg-day	Rat	LOEL	injection	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
2.5 mg/org	Rat	LOEL	injection	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
20000.0 IU/kg	Rat	NOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.0005 mg/kg-day	Rat	LOEL	injection	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.0005 mg/kg-day	Rat	LOEL	injection	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
54000.0 IU/kg diet	Dog	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
54000.0 IU/kg diet	Dog	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.0003 mg/org	Rat	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
100.0 IU	Rat	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
54000.0 IU/kg diet	Dog	NOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.0003 mg/org	Rat	NOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD
1350.0 ug/kg diet	Dog	LOEL	oral	experimental	Not Available	ECOTOX - EPA ORD

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Hypercalcemia - Early symptoms of hypercalcemia, include nausea and vomiting, weakness, headache, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, metallic taste, muscle pain and bone pain. Late symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia, include polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, weight loss, nocturia, conjunctivitis, pancreatitis, photophobia, rhinorrhea, pruritis, hyperthermia, decreased libido, elevated BUN, albuminuria, hypercholesterolemia, elevated ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), ectopic calcification, nephrocalcinosis, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias.

Treatment

Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
multiple sclerosis?A demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring. (DO)	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC10341810
osteoporosis?A disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, with a decrease in cortical thickness and in the number and size of the trabeculae of cancellous bone (but normal chemical composition), resulting in increased fracture incidence. (NCI CTCAE)	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC5513807
bleeding?A losing of blood as a result of injury oir illness.	associated_with	Not Available	PMC5292121
osteomalacia?Osteomalacia is a disease characterized by the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium. The impairment of bone metabolism causes inadequate bone mineralization. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and because of this, use of the term "osteomalacia" is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. Signs and symptoms can include diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and fragility of the bones. The most common cause of osteomalacia is a deficiency of vitamin D, which is normally derived from sunlight exposure and, to a lesser extent, from the diet. Nursing home residents and the homebound elderly population are at particular risk for vitamin D deficiency, as these populations typically receive little sun exposure. Other groups at risk include individuals with malabsorption secondary to gastrointestinal bypass surgery or celiac disease. Similarly, individuals who immigrate from warm climates to cold climates, especially women who wear traditional veils or dresses that prevent sun exposure are also susceptible to osteomalacia.	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC2253556
hypercalcemia?A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate an elevation in the concentration of calcium (corrected for albumin) in blood. (NCI CTCAE)	associated_with	Not Available	PMC10341810
gastrointestinal bleeding?	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC5292121
muscle weakness?A disorder characterized by a reduction in the strength of the muscles. (NCI CTCAE)	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC6727385

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000233	Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000265	Vitamins?Vitamins, essential organic compounds required for various biological functions, can be synthesized chemically for use in dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000367	Drugs for treatment of bone diseases?Drugs for the treatment of bone diseases, such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin, are synthetic chemicals designed to prevent bone loss and promote bone health.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000505	Amplifiers?Amplifiers, commonly used in various electronic devices to enhance signal strength, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and processes involved in their production and disposal.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000514	Discharge Lamps?Discharge lamps, including fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, are commonly used for lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and brightness.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000515	Discharge Tubes With Liquid Pool Cathodes?Discharge tubes with liquid pool cathodes are devices that utilize a liquid metal as the cathode in gas discharge applications.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000525	Line Transmission Systems?Line Transmission Systems, commonly used for the distribution of electrical energy, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the insulation materials and coatings utilized in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000537	Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000539	Video Games?Video games, through their production and disposal processes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000544	Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000548	Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000551	Processing Fish?Processing fish can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through various stages of production and preservation.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000552	Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000556	Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000562	Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000563	Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000566	Tobacco Pipes?Tobacco pipes, often made from materials such as plastic, wood, or metal, can serve as sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the residues left by tobacco products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000567	Tobacco Product Cases?Tobacco product cases can serve as a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and chemicals used in tobacco processing and product manufacturing.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000578	Making Cigars?The process of making cigars involves several steps, including the cultivation of tobacco, fermentation, and the application of various additives to enhance flavor and preservation.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000584	Buoys?Buoys, often used for navigation and marine monitoring, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings employed in their construction.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000597	Chemosterilants?Chemosterilants are synthetic chemicals designed to induce sterility in target pest populations, thereby controlling their reproduction and mitigating damage to crops.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000602	Molluscicides?Molluscicides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control and eliminate mollusks, such as snails and slugs, which can be detrimental to crops and agricultural productivity.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000604	Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000607	Rodenticides(1)?Rodenticides are synthetic chemicals specifically formulated to control rodent populations, serving as a crucial tool in managing pests that can damage crops and spread diseases.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000608	Rodenticides?Rodenticides are chemical substances specifically designed to control rodent populations by causing death through various mechanisms, including anticoagulation or neurotoxicity.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000609	Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000612	Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements?Body washing or cleaning implements, such as synthetic sponges, loofahs, and washcloths, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000613	Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000616	Face Mask Cosmetics?Face mask cosmetics often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including preservatives, emulsifiers, and fragrances, which can contribute to chemical contamination.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000619	Manicure Pedicure?Manicure and pedicure procedures often involve the use of various synthetic chemicals, including solvents, nail polishes, and nail adhesives.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000630	Toys?Toys, particularly those made from synthetic materials such as plastics, can be a source of chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and compounds used in their production.	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000638	Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000643	Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000653	Sewing?Sewing processes often involve the use of various synthetic chemicals, which can become sources of contamination in the environment.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000658	Touch Fasteners?Touch fasteners, commonly known as hook-and-loop fasteners, are composed of synthetic materials such as nylon or polyester.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000662	Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	Not Available
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000684	Cements?Cements are a composite material primarily used as a binding agent in construction applications, formed by the calcination of limestone and clay minerals at high temperatures.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000691	Non Oxide Glass?Non-oxide glass refers to a category of glasses primarily composed of materials other than silicon dioxide, such as boron oxide or phosphorous oxide.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000692	Silica Free Oxide Glass?Silica Free Oxide Glass is a type of glass that is produced using alternative materials to traditional silica-based formulations.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000695	Treatment Of Milk Or Cream?The treatment of milk or cream involves various processes such as pasteurization, homogenization, and the addition of preservatives to enhance shelf life and safety.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000697	Submarines?Submarines, while essential for military and research purposes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to their use of various industrial chemicals.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	Not Available
CEDs000717	Fountain Pens?Fountain pens utilize a liquid ink that often contains synthetic chemicals, including dyes, pigments, and solvents, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000720	Ink Reservoir Pens2?Ink reservoir pens are writing instruments that utilize a reservoir to store ink, which is often composed of synthetic dyes, solvents, and additives.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000727	Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000733	Walking Sticks?Walking sticks, while primarily designed for mobility assistance, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination if not properly manufactured or maintained.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	Not Available
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available

Pathways

33 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Steroid Biosynthesis

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS)

CHILD Syndrome

Desmosterolosis

Chondrodysplasia Punctata II, X-Linked Dominant (CDPX2)

Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency (Wolman Disease)

Ibandronate Action Pathway

Simvastatin Action Pathway

Pravastatin Action Pathway

Rosuvastatin Action Pathway

Alendronate Action Pathway

Hypercholesterolemia

View all 33 pathways

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor	A3RGC1	Sus scrofa	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.642 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 6.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.467095
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D-binding protein	P02774	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.642 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 6.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.467095
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor	P11473	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.637 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 4.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 41 E-value 0.311397
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor	O42392	Gallus gallus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.571 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 1.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 1.01204
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor	P13053	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.565 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 8.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 0.622794
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor A	Q9PTN2	Danio rerio	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.561 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 1.10e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 0.856341
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor	P48281	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.556 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 5 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor	Q28037	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.549 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 1.10e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 0.856341
Click to view 3D structure	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	P51449	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.355 Applicability Domain 0.397 Statistical Significance 0.0049 Supporting Reference Compounds 102 E-value 37.8347
Click to view 3D structure	Nuclear hormone receptor isoform A	A0A0K0EQJ4	Strongyloides stercoralis	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.354 Applicability Domain 0.354 Statistical Significance 6.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.467095
Click to view 3D structure	NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Q9UHC9	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.337 Applicability Domain 0.397 Statistical Significance 8.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 13 E-value 6.53933
Click to view 3D structure	Oxysterol-binding protein 1	P22059	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.331 Applicability Domain 0.397 Statistical Significance 5.90e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 9 E-value 4.5931
Click to view 3D structure	Oxysterol-binding protein 2	Q969R2	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.325 Applicability Domain 0.397 Statistical Significance 6.00e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 7 E-value 4.67095
Click to view 3D structure	3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase	P9WQP7	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.313 Applicability Domain 0.313 Statistical Significance 5.60e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 4.35956
Click to view 3D structure	G-protein coupled receptor 183	D4A7K7	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.307 Applicability Domain 0.313 Statistical Significance 8.90e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 6.92858
Click to view 3D structure	Oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha	Q13133	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.298 Applicability Domain 0.329 Statistical Significance 0.0063 Supporting Reference Compounds 76 E-value 49.3564
Click to view 3D structure	G-protein coupled receptor 183	P32249	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.292 Applicability Domain 0.397 Statistical Significance 0.0032 Supporting Reference Compounds 63 E-value 25.0674
Click to view 3D structure	Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	P23415	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.29 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 1.90e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 22 E-value 1.47914
Click to view 3D structure	M-phase inducer phosphatase 1	P30304	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.289 Applicability Domain 0.372 Statistical Significance 5.90e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 25 E-value 4.5931
Click to view 3D structure	Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha	P35398	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.286 Applicability Domain 0.397 Statistical Significance 0.0042 Supporting Reference Compounds 41 E-value 33.0859
Click to view 3D structure	Androgen receptor	P10275	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.282 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 0.0125 Supporting Reference Compounds 146 E-value 97.7008
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-crystallin B chain	P02511	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.276 Applicability Domain 0.313 Statistical Significance 2.60e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 2.02408
Click to view 3D structure	1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial	Q07973	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.265 Applicability Domain 0.642 Statistical Significance 8.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 11 E-value 6.46149
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-crystallin A chain	P02489	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.256 Applicability Domain 0.256 Low confidence Statistical Significance 1.70e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 1.32344
Click to view 3D structure	G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	Q8TDU6	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.254 Applicability Domain 0.275 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0112 Supporting Reference Compounds 54 E-value 87.5025
Click to view 3D structure	Sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial	Q02318	Humans	Known	The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein.
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D-binding protein	P02774	Humans	Known	The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein.
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D3 receptor	P11473	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase	Q6VVX0	Humans	Known	The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyses the first reaction in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates. The active form of vitamin D3 (calcitriol) binds to intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Like the receptors for other steroid hormones and thyroid hormones, the vitamin D receptor has hormone-binding and DNA-binding domains. The vitamin D receptor forms a complex with another intracellular receptor, the retinoid-X receptor, and that heterodimer is what binds to DNA. In most cases studied, the effect is to activate transcription, but situations are also known in which vitamin D suppresses transcription. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by: increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein.

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00169

HMDB ID

HMDB0000876

FooDB ID

FDB021586

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00041217

BiGG ID

2288999

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Jean Jolly, Primo Rizzi, Jean Taillardat, “1.alpha.,25.alpha.-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol and methods for the production thereof.” U.S. Patent US4435325, issued May, 1977.

MSDS

Link

General References

Armas LA, Hollis BW, Heaney RP: Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Nov;89(11):5387-91. [PubMed: 15531486]

Cholecalciferol (CED0002119)

Structure for CHEM002135: Cholecalciferol

Structure