Amphetamine (CED0001107)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:26:14 UTC

Update Date

2026-08-25 11:31:59 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0001107

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002138
T3D2706

Identification

Common Name

Amphetamine

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Amphetamine belongs to the phenethylamines, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. This exogenous compound has the formula C9H13N and an average molecular weight of 135.21 g/mol. At room temperature, it exists as a solid. It is a homologue of phenethylamine and serves as the parent compound of its own structural class, which includes derivatives such as MDMA (Ecstasy) and the N-methylated form, methamphetamine. Amphetamine is a drug that functions as a sympathomimetic, dopaminergic, and adrenergic agent, as well as a neurotoxin, dopamine uptake inhibitor, and adrenergic uptake inhibitor (PMC11359687). It is used as a psychostimulant, a nootropic, and an agent for ADHD. Exposure occurs via the oral route, and the compound has been detected in the liver and kidney. It is found in various sources, including electrical and electronic equipment, household cleaning and consumer products, food processing, and healthcare products. The compound interacts with 20 recorded protein targets, including the sodium-dependent dopamine transporter (SLC6A3), the sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (SLC6A2), the alpha-1A adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A), the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), the D(2) dopamine receptor (DRD2), the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein (CARTPT), and amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B (MAOB). It also acts as an agonist or inhibitor of the synaptic vesicular amine transporter (SLC18A2). Mechanistically, amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine release from central adrenergic receptors and, at higher dosages, cause the release of dopamine from the nigrostriatal dopamine systems and the mesocorticolimbic system. They may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) and act as direct agonists on central 5-HT receptors. In the periphery, they are believed to cause noradrenaline release by acting on alpha- and beta-receptors and adrenergic nerve terminals. Health effects associated with the compound include an increase in hyperthermia (PMC9775352).

Contaminant Type

Adrenergic Agent
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitor
Amine
Amphetamine
Central Nervous System Stimulant
Dopamine Agent
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor
Drug
Human Neurotoxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Sympathomimetic
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C₉H₁₃N

Average Molecular Mass

135.206 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

135.105 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

300-62-9

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional Name

Not Available

SMILES

CC(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3

InChI Key

InChIKey=KWTSXDURSIMDCE-UHFFFAOYNA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Classification

Not classified

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Kidney
Liver

Applications

Biological Roles

sympathomimetic agent ?
dopaminergic agent ?
adrenergic uptake inhibitor ?
dopamine uptake inhibitor ?
neurotoxin ?A chemical substance that interferes with the normal functioning of the nervous system
adrenergic agent ?
drug (PMC11359687 )?

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Volatizes slowly at room temperature
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Slightly

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
180.0 mg/kg	Rat	LD50	Subcutaneous	experimental	Not Available	1
138.0 Log mg/kg [80:250]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Amphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect. The drug interacts with VMAT enzymes to enhance release of DA and 5-HT from vesicles. It may also directly cause the reversal of DAT and SERT.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

The most common presenting symptoms seen are agitation, hallucinations, suicidal behaviour, and chest pain.

Treatment

Management of acute amphetamine intoxication is largely symptomatic and includes gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, administration of a cathartic and sedation. (8)

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
hyperthermia?	associated_with	increase	PMC9775352

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000181	Ballast water?Ballast water, taken on by ships to maintain stability and balance, often contains a diverse array of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and plankton.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
CEDs000182	Bilge water?Bilge water is a byproduct generated from the accumulation of water in the lowest part of a ship's hull, which may include a mixture of seawater, oil, fuel residues, and various contaminants.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
CEDs000233	Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000378	Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics?Psychostimulants, including agents commonly prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and nootropics, are synthetic chemicals that enhance cognitive function, attention, and alertness.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000507	Auxiliary Devices?Auxiliary devices, such as capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, are integral components in various electronic systems.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000508	Coils?Coils are components used in various electrical and electronic applications, such as transformers, inductors, and motors.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000527	Magnets?Magnets, commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000530	Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000537	Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000539	Video Games?Video games, through their production and disposal processes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000548	Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000552	Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000553	Treatment Of Hops?Hops, a key ingredient in brewing and food flavoring, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to various agricultural practices.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000556	Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000563	Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
CEDs000579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel?The manufacture of iron or steel involves various processes, including smelting, refining, and alloying, which can result in the release of synthetic chemicals and contaminants.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000595	Ships?Ships, as vehicles for international trade and transportation, can be significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination in marine environments.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000604	Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000613	Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000622	Game Accessories?Game accessories, such as synthetic turf, athletic shoes, and other sports-related equipment, often incorporate various synthetic chemicals in their production.	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000638	Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000643	Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000657	Surface Finishing Of Leather?Surface finishing of leather often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, resins, and finishing agents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000659	Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	Not Available
CEDs000674	Bridle Bits?Bridle bits, commonly used in equestrian activities, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the materials used in their manufacturing.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000677	Horse Reins?Horse reins, often made from synthetic materials such as nylon or polyester, can be a source of chemical contamination due to their production and degradation processes.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000686	Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	Not Available
CEDs000727	Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	Not Available
CEDs000738	Cooling Circuit Water?Cooling circuit water is utilized in various industrial processes to absorb and dissipate heat generated during operations.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available

Pathways

2 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Amphetamine Neurological Action Pathway

Amphetamine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	P23977	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.688 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 203 E-value 1.86838
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31652	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.657 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 297 E-value 2.64687
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q96RJ0	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.623 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 63 E-value 0.233548
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q8HZ64	Macaca mulatta	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.623 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 1.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 8 E-value 0.0778492
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Q01959	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.601 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 5.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 506 E-value 4.04816
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	P23975	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.601 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 451 E-value 2.56902
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.584 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 9.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 593 E-value 7.31783
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q923Y8	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.561 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 18 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	P21396	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.56 Applicability Domain 0.6 Statistical Significance 1.80e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 66 E-value 1.40129
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q923Y9	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.553 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 18 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P30994	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.549 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 8.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 40 E-value 0.622794
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	P08909	Rat	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.541 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 6.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 185 E-value 4.82665
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	P14842	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.503 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0021 Supporting Reference Compounds 380 E-value 16.3483
Click to view 3D structure	Norepinephrine transporter	Q9WTR4	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.457 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0012 Supporting Reference Compounds 112 E-value 9.6533
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	P28223	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.442 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0109 Supporting Reference Compounds 955 E-value 84.9335
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2A6	P11509	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.438 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 7.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 68 E-value 0.544945
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	P46059	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.422 Applicability Domain 0.471 Statistical Significance 3.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 2.49118
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2A5	P20852	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.411 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 11 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	P28335	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.409 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0111 Supporting Reference Compounds 823 E-value 86.2569
Click to view 3D structure	Cytosol aminopeptidase	P28838	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.401 Applicability Domain 0.483 Statistical Significance 5.00e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 18 E-value 3.89246
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P41595	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.399 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0086 Supporting Reference Compounds 686 E-value 67.1839
Click to view 3D structure	Cytosol aminopeptidase	P00727	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.39 Applicability Domain 0.39 Statistical Significance 0.0014 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 10.821
Click to view 3D structure	Aminopeptidase B	O09175	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.377 Applicability Domain 0.432 Statistical Significance 2.00e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 8 E-value 1.55698
Click to view 3D structure	Neprilysin	Q61391	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.377 Applicability Domain 0.471 Statistical Significance 0.0015 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 11.5995
Click to view 3D structure	Mast cell carboxypeptidase A	P15088	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.375 Applicability Domain 0.387 Statistical Significance 3.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 2.56902
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Q01959	Humans	Known	Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Amphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.
Click to view 3D structure	Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein	Q16568	Humans	Known	Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Amphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q96RJ0	Humans	Known	Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Amphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.
Click to view 3D structure	Synaptic vesicular amine transporter	Q05940	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	P35348	Humans	Known	Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Amphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	P23975	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	P08908	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	P08913	Humans	Known	Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Amphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	P27338	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	D(1A) dopamine receptor	P21728	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	D(2) dopamine receptor	P14416	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Known	Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

Identifiers

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Guohong Wang, “Composition and methods for synthesis of novel tracers for detecting amphetamine and methamphetamine in samples.” U.S. Patent US20020090661, issued July 11, 2002.

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Cheng D, Shrivastava S, Tzur D, Gautam B, Hassanali M: DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. Epub 2007 Nov 29. [PubMed: 18048412]
Leith NJ, Kuczenski R: Chronic amphetamine: tolerance and reverse tolerance reflect different behavioral actions of the drug. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981 Sep;15(3):399-404. [PubMed: 7291243]
Chaudhry IA, Turkanis SA, Karler R: Characteristics of "reverse tolerance" to amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Aug;27(8):777-81. [PubMed: 3216957]
Sax KW, Strakowski SM: Behavioral sensitization in humans. J Addict Dis. 2001;20(3):55-65. [PubMed: 11681593]
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Amphetamine (CED0001107)

Structure for CHEM002138: Amphetamine

Structure