Enflurane (CED0005316)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:26:19 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:24:48 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0005316

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002146
T3D2717

Identification

Common Name

Enflurane

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Enflurane belongs to the organofluorides, a class of organohalogen compounds within the organic compounds. It is an exogenous liquid at room temperature with the formula C3H2ClF5O and an average molecular weight of 184.49 g/mol. This compound is used as an anesthetic and is found in recorded sources including healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, as well as household cleaning and consumer products such as tobacco smoke filters and non-electric simulated smoking devices, and electrical and electronic equipment including electrodes, conductive bodies, and electrically stimulated smoking devices. The recorded route of exposure is respiratory. Enflurane interacts with 95 recorded protein targets, including the glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 (GLRA1), glutamate receptor 1 (GRIA1), calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 (ATP2C1), and NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (MT-ND1). It acts as a stimulator/potentiator of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1), the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 (KCNN4), and glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 2D (GRIN2D) and 3B (GRIN3B), among 83 other proteins. Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. It activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane and appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Additionally, enflurane binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glycine receptor, and the glutamate receptor.

Contaminant Type

Anesthetic
Anesthetic, Inhalation
Drug
General Anesthetic
Human Neurotoxin
Lachrymator
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Organochloride
Organofluoride
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether	ChEBI
Alyrane	ChEBI
Efrane	ChEBI
Ethrane	ChEBI
Methylflurether	ChEBI
Anesthetic 347	HMDB
Anesthetic compound no. 347	HMDB
Compound 347	HMDB
Ohio 347	HMDB
Zeneca brand OF enflurane	HMDB
Pisa brand OF enflurane	HMDB
Enlirane	HMDB
Abbott brand OF enflurane	HMDB
Baxter anaesthesia brand OF enflurane	HMDB
AstraZeneca brand OF enflurane	HMDB
Enfran	HMDB
Etran	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₃H₂ClF₅O

Average Molecular Mass

184.492 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

183.971 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

13838-16-9

IUPAC Name

2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane

Traditional Name

enflurane

SMILES

FC(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)Cl

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(5)3(8,9)10-2(6)7/h1-2H

InChI Key

JPGQOUSTVILISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organofluorides. Organofluorides are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a fluorine atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organohalogen compounds

Class

Organofluorides

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Organofluorides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organofluoride
Organochloride
Alkyl halide
Alkyl fluoride
Alkyl chloride
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

organofluorine compound (CHEBI:4792 )
organochlorine compound (CHEBI:4792 )
ether (CHEBI:4792 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

anaesthetic (PMC12919125 )?

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	56.5
Solubility	5620 mg/L (at 37°C)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	3.9 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.24	ALOGPS
logP	2.8	ChemAxon
logS	-1.7	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-5	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	9.23 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	23.07 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	9.74 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-9700000000-853b1a9a2c5092ed803f	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-1900000000-4d034b914ffdba24bc4d	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0159-3900000000-ffa0ad51b68a798a19ec	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-3900000000-2afb1bd4a0ff78bf685c	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00ls-9700000000-b8f66e13b2c7ea3b8afd	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-01q9-1900000000-16ebf7410f0a86a95b6b	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-02u1-5900000000-156ada188e3d7c93066b	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-cda3ea1a89b8c052a64a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0159-9700000000-eb38bb16c4ca48ce679e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-9400000000-7192f6a2a8627c6763ea	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-f72d585725966be19d66	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-1c338b7673c3ce0b0ba6	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03xr-1900000000-39005ff2a0a05b8ee55b	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-0gb9-9300000000-03817aefdcc06ee54c49	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
5.4 ml/kg	rat	LD50	oral	experimental	Not Available	Not Available
41.0 Log mg/kg [20:73]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to and angonizes the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glycine receptor, and antagonizes the glutamate receptor receptor. These yield a decreased depolarization and therefore, tissue excitability which results in anesthesia.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Symptoms of acute overdose include nausea, vomiting, irritation to the eyes, skin and nose/throat, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness. Symptoms of chronic overdose include hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, and liver/kidney dysfunction.

Treatment

Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference
Anesthesia	Associated With?	Not Available	Not Available	PMC12919125

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000369	Anesthetics?Anesthetics are synthetic chemicals used to induce loss of sensation or consciousness in patients undergoing medical procedures.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000651	Purses Money Bags Wallets?Purses, money bags, and wallets are often manufactured using synthetic materials, including plastics, polyurethanes, and various treated fabrics.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000699	Mining Or Quarrying?Mining and quarrying operations can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through the release of various pollutants associated with the extraction and processing of minerals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem

Pathways

2 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Enflurane Calcium Channel Cardiac Muscle Relaxation Action Pathway

Enflurane Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1	P25122	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.114 Applicability Domain 0.114 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.237 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 1844.87
Click to view 3D structure	ACCase	H9BT73	Alopecurus japonicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.113 Applicability Domain 0.113 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.6179 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 4810.23
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.11 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9995 Supporting Reference Compounds 593 E-value 7781.19
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	P28335	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.11 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9997 Supporting Reference Compounds 823 E-value 7782.74
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2C9	P11712	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.11 Applicability Domain 0.114 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9997 Supporting Reference Compounds 1245 E-value 7782.66
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2	Q12809	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.109 Applicability Domain 0.114 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9997 Supporting Reference Compounds 1498 E-value 7782.98
Click to view 3D structure	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein	P22687	Oryctolagus cuniculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.109 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.3829 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 2981.08
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2D6	P10635	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.108 Applicability Domain 0.113 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 1130 E-value 7783.44
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2C19	P33261	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.108 Applicability Domain 0.113 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9996 Supporting Reference Compounds 825 E-value 7782.2
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A4	P08684	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.108 Applicability Domain 0.113 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 1538 E-value 7783.6
Click to view 3D structure	Liver carboxylesterase	Q29550	Sus scrofa	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.107 Applicability Domain 0.111 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.7895 Supporting Reference Compounds 20 E-value 6145.88
Click to view 3D structure	Monoglyceride lipase	Q99685	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.105 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9962 Supporting Reference Compounds 76 E-value 7755.26
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.104 Applicability Domain 0.107 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9996 Supporting Reference Compounds 406 E-value 7782.04
Click to view 3D structure	Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	O08914	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.104 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9862 Supporting Reference Compounds 46 E-value 7677.57
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Q00960	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.104 Applicability Domain 0.107 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9907 Supporting Reference Compounds 36 E-value 7712.44
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 1A2	P05177	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.103 Applicability Domain 0.113 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 793 E-value 7783.37
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	P28223	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.103 Applicability Domain 0.115 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9998 Supporting Reference Compounds 955 E-value 7783.75
Click to view 3D structure	Cocaine esterase	O00748	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.103 Applicability Domain 0.111 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9774 Supporting Reference Compounds 40 E-value 7609.29
Click to view 3D structure	Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6	Q9BV23	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.102 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9825 Supporting Reference Compounds 25 E-value 7648.84
Click to view 3D structure	Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	P19793	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.102 Applicability Domain 0.107 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9952 Supporting Reference Compounds 82 E-value 7747.87
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	P50406	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.101 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9997 Supporting Reference Compounds 536 E-value 7782.28
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P41595	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.1 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9999 Supporting Reference Compounds 686 E-value 7784.07
Click to view 3D structure	Monoglyceride lipase	O35678	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.1 Applicability Domain 0.125 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9852 Supporting Reference Compounds 34 E-value 7669.86
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31652	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.1 Applicability Domain 0.106 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9994 Supporting Reference Compounds 297 E-value 7780.1
Click to view 3D structure	Collagenase 3	P45452	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.099 Applicability Domain 0.113 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.9995 Supporting Reference Compounds 269 E-value 7781.34
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2E1	P05181	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	ATP synthase F(1) complex subunit delta, mitochondrial	P30049	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1	Q12791	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1	P98194	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	P14867	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	P23415	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1	P03886	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Q09470	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor 1	P42261	Humans	Known	Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Enflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca²⁺ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Click to view 3D structure	Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4	O15554	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	O75762	Humans	Known	Not Available