Topiramate (CED0002098)

Topiramate belongs to the dioxolopyrans, a class of organoheterocyclic compounds within the organic compounds. It has the chemical formula C12H21NO8S and an average molecular weight of 339.36 g/mol. This exogenous compound is a solid at room temperature. It has been detected in the brain and prostate tissues. Topiramate is used as an anticonvulsant and functions biologically as a sodium channel blocker. Its recorded sources include antiepileptics, antiobesity preparations (excluding diet products), healthcare, pharmaceuticals and veterinary products, electrical and electronic equipment such as magnets, relays and electric hearing aids, food, food processing and cookware specifically the preparation of wine or sparkling wine, and household cleaning and consumer products including other smoking requisites and non-electric simulated smoking devices. The recorded exposure route for this compound is oral. The compound interacts with 30 recorded protein targets. These include the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABRA1), sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha (SCN1A), carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), and carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4). It also acts as an antagonist or inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3), carbonic anhydrase 5A mitochondrial (CA5A), and sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha (SCN4A), among 21 other proteins. While the precise mechanism of action is not known, studies indicate that topiramate blocks action potentials elicited repetitively by a sustained depolarization of neurons in a time-dependent manner, suggesting a state-dependent sodium channel blocking action. Additionally, it augments the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) at some subtypes of the GABAA receptor, which controls an integral chloride channel.