Pyridostigmine (CED0003854)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:27:07 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:41:50 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0003854

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002218
T3D2820

Identification

Common Name

Pyridostigmine

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Pyridostigmine is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C9H13N2O2 and an average molecular weight of 181.21 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Pyridostigmine belongs to the methylpyridines, a subclass of pyridines and derivatives within the organic compounds. This compound is detected in the liver and kidney tissues. Exposure routes include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, and parenteral administration. Pyridostigmine is found in or released from 15 recorded sources. These include healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products as parasympathomimetics, as well as food preservation within food, food processing, and cookware. It is also associated with electrical and electronic equipment, such as electrodes, fixed capacitors and their manufacture, hybrid capacitors, conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials, and electrically stimulated smoking devices. Additionally, it is found in household cleaning and consumer products, including bleaching agents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, pipe accessories, non electric simulated smoking devices, other smoking requisites, and two other sources. The compound interacts with three recorded protein targets. It acts as an inhibitor of cholinesterase (BCHE) and coagulation factor X (F10). As an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, and thereby increases efficiency of cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and prolonges the effects of acetylcholine.

Contaminant Type

Amine
Antimyasthenic Agent
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Drug
Ester
Human Neurotoxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Parasympathomimetic
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Mestinon	HMDB
Regonol	HMDB
Pyridine N-oxide	HMDB
Pyridostigmine bromide	HMDB
Pyridostigmine bromine	HMDB
Pyridostigminum	HMDB
Bromide, pyridostigmine	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₉H₁₃N₂O₂

Average Molecular Mass

181.212 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

181.098 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

155-97-5

IUPAC Name

3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-methylpyridin-1-ium

Traditional Name

pyridostigmine

SMILES

CN(C)C(=O)OC1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H13N2O2/c1-10(2)9(12)13-8-5-4-6-11(3)7-8/h4-7H,1-3H3/q+1

InChI Key

RVOLLAQWKVFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-methylpyridinium compounds. These are methylpyridines that carry a methyl group at the 1-position.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Pyridines and derivatives

Sub Class

Methylpyridines

Direct Parent

N-methylpyridinium compounds

Alternative Parents

Substituents

N-methylpyridinium
Pyridinium
Carbamic acid ester
Heteroaromatic compound
Carbonic acid derivative
Azacycle
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Carbonyl group
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic cation
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

pyridinium ion (CHEBI:8665 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Kidney
Liver

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor (PMC9610298 , PMC3247802 )?An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
cholinergic agonist (PMC8773480 )?

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	153°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	1.04e+00 g/L

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1.04 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.1	ALOGPS
logP	-3.5	ChemAxon
logS	-2.3	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	19.53	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	33.42 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	49.66 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	19.38 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9700000000-144f11d8d4fca931e26f	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-4900000000-505a3902a67894832786	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001j-7900000000-f2fb1dbcea23a916a60d	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0005-9100000000-5851c472c0f98c9da49e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-1900000000-4020266c0445cc9e4d81	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00lr-9700000000-76c2110cb7085d434fd7	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-007c-9000000000-bf72b6b775960258441e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-0900000000-7a79dd4b3f240ec6c301	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03ec-3900000000-f5675587ab409b8f06de	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-d30ae42d6c1e66ffefe8	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
39.0 Log mg/kg [20:70]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Pyridostigmine is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Symptoms of low dose exposure include excessive salivation and eye-watering. Acute dose symptoms include severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, anxiety, headache, tremor and ataxia may also result.

Treatment

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference
panic disorder	Associated With?	Not Available	An anxiety disorder that is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress. (DO)	PMC8773480

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000381	Parasympathomimetics?Parasympathomimetics are synthetic chemicals that mimic the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000537	Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000562	Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000563	Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel?The manufacture of iron or steel involves various processes, including smelting, refining, and alloying, which can result in the release of synthetic chemicals and contaminants.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000602	Molluscicides?Molluscicides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control and eliminate mollusks, such as snails and slugs, which can be detrimental to crops and agricultural productivity.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000631	Anthraquinone Dyes?Anthraquinone dyes are a class of synthetic organic compounds characterized by their vibrant colors and stability, making them widely used in various applications, particularly in coloring textiles and leather.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000633	Azo Dyes?Azo dyes are synthetic organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups (-N=N-), which are widely used for coloring textiles, leather, and furnishings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000662	Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000727	Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem

Pathways

2 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Pyridostigmine Action Pathway

Pyridostigmine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P06276	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.482 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0021 Supporting Reference Compounds 234 E-value 16.6597
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P23795	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.377 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.002 Supporting Reference Compounds 50 E-value 15.6477
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.348 Applicability Domain 0.426 Statistical Significance 0.0161 Supporting Reference Compounds 406 E-value 125.104
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P81908	Equus caballus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.325 Applicability Domain 0.373 Statistical Significance 0.0153 Supporting Reference Compounds 201 E-value 118.798
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P04058	Torpedo californica	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.323 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0028 Supporting Reference Compounds 30 E-value 22.187
Click to view 3D structure	Butyrylcholinesterase	Q9N1N9	Equus caballus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.31 Applicability Domain 0.365 Statistical Significance 0.0038 Supporting Reference Compounds 44 E-value 29.6606
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P37136	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.304 Applicability Domain 0.426 Statistical Significance 0.012 Supporting Reference Compounds 95 E-value 93.1077
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	P21396	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.296 Applicability Domain 0.365 Statistical Significance 0.0063 Supporting Reference Compounds 66 E-value 48.8893
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	P19643	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.293 Applicability Domain 0.365 Statistical Significance 0.0083 Supporting Reference Compounds 77 E-value 64.9263
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	P27338	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.28 Applicability Domain 0.373 Statistical Significance 0.0564 Supporting Reference Compounds 315 E-value 438.836
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	O42275	Electrophorus electricus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.271 Applicability Domain 0.426 Statistical Significance 0.0523 Supporting Reference Compounds 206 E-value 406.996
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31652	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.26 Applicability Domain 0.327 Statistical Significance 0.0756 Supporting Reference Compounds 297 E-value 588.696
Click to view 3D structure	Butyrylcholinesterase	Q9JKC1	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.26 Applicability Domain 0.327 Statistical Significance 0.0112 Supporting Reference Compounds 32 E-value 87.5804
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P21836	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.255 Applicability Domain 0.327 Statistical Significance 0.0273 Supporting Reference Compounds 58 E-value 212.295
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.235 Applicability Domain 0.327 Statistical Significance 0.3171 Supporting Reference Compounds 593 E-value 2468.75
Click to view 3D structure	LIM domain kinase 2	P53671	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.234 Applicability Domain 0.253 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.1347 Supporting Reference Compounds 124 E-value 1048.86
Click to view 3D structure	Obtusifoliol 14-alpha demethylase	P93846	Sorghum bicolor	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.226 Applicability Domain 0.226 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0051 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 39.4696
Click to view 3D structure	Rho-associated protein kinase 1	Q13464	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.226 Applicability Domain 0.253 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.5802 Supporting Reference Compounds 834 E-value 4516.58
Click to view 3D structure	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	P08172	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.225 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.3384 Supporting Reference Compounds 373 E-value 2634.81
Click to view 3D structure	LIM domain kinase 1	P53667	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.225 Applicability Domain 0.253 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.5093 Supporting Reference Compounds 565 E-value 3964.78
Click to view 3D structure	Photosystem II protein D1	P06402	Marchantia polymorpha	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.225 Applicability Domain 0.233 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0107 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 83.2987
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Q02750	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.224 Applicability Domain 0.279 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4314 Supporting Reference Compounds 391 E-value 3358.49
Click to view 3D structure	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	P10980	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.223 Applicability Domain 0.333 Statistical Significance 0.0752 Supporting Reference Compounds 98 E-value 585.66
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2D6	P10635	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.222 Applicability Domain 0.327 Statistical Significance 0.771 Supporting Reference Compounds 1130 E-value 6001.94
Click to view 3D structure	RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase	P04049	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.221 Applicability Domain 0.279 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.3497 Supporting Reference Compounds 263 E-value 2722.78
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Known	Pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, and thereby increases efficiency of cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and prolonges the effects of acetylcholine.
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P06276	Humans	Known	Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00545

HMDB ID

HMDB0014685

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Thomas Zich, “Preparation of substituted pyridine N-oxide compounds.” U.S. Patent US20040063957, issued April 01, 2004.

MSDS

Link

General References

Singer W, Opfer-Gehrking TL, McPhee BR, Hilz MJ, Bharucha AE, Low PA: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition: a novel approach in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;74(9):1294-8. [PubMed: 12933939]
Drugs.com - http://www.drugs.com/cons/Pyridostigmine.html

Pyridostigmine (CED0003854)

Structure for CHEM002218: Pyridostigmine

Structure