Magnesium Sulfate (CED0001006)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:27:21 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:45:09 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM002240

Identification

Common Name

Magnesium Sulfate

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Magnesium Sulfate belongs to the alkaline earth metal sulfates, a subclass of alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds within the inorganic compounds. This exogenous mixed metal/non-metal compound has the formula MgO4S and an average molecular weight of 120.37 g/mol. At room temperature, it exists as a solid. In industrial applications, it is used as a filler, pigment, flow promoter, viscosity modifier, additive, softener, conditioner, and as processing aids not otherwise specified (PMC11610491, PMC7553084). In medical contexts, it serves as an anticonvulsant, anaesthetic, analgesic, cardiovascular drug, anti-arrhythmia drug, and tocolytic agent (PMC11610491, PMC7553084). It is used as a treatment for eclampsia and has a therapeutic effect on ischemia (PMC8228929), though it is associated with hypotension (PMC10169116). Biologically, it acts as a calcium channel blocker (PMC11610491, PMC7553084). It targets several proteins, including the Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit (CACNG1), Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 (CACNA2D1), Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C), and Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 (CACNB1). It also inhibits or blocks the Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 (CACNB4), Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A (CACNA1A), Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F (CACNA1F), and Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 (CACNB3). Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction, while inhibiting Ca2+ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. The compound is found in various sources, including electrical and electronic equipment, household cleaning and consumer products, building and construction materials, and food, food processing, and cookware. It is also present in healthcare and veterinary products such as minerals, IV solution additives, dermatological preparations, and drugs for constipation. Recorded exposure routes include oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, intrathecal, and irrigation.

Contaminant Type

Analgesic
Anesthetic
Anti-Arrhythmia Agent
Anticonvulsant
Calcium Channel Blocker
Drug
Household Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Metabolite
Synthetic Compound
Tocolytic Agent

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Magnesium sulfate (1:1)	ChEBI
Magnesium sulfate anhydrous	ChEBI
Magnesium sulphate	ChEBI
Magnesium(II) sulfate	ChEBI
Magnesiumsulfat	ChEBI
MgSO4	ChEBI
Sulphate OF magnesia	ChEBI
Magnesium sulfuric acid (1:1)	Generator
Magnesium sulphate (1:1)	Generator
Magnesium sulphuric acid (1:1)	Generator
Magnesium sulfuric acid anhydrous	Generator
Magnesium sulphate anhydrous	Generator
Magnesium sulphuric acid anhydrous	Generator
Magnesium sulfuric acid	Generator
Magnesium sulphuric acid	Generator
Magnesium(II) sulfuric acid	Generator
Magnesium(II) sulphate	Generator
Magnesium(II) sulphuric acid	Generator
Magnesiumsulphat	Generator
Sulfate OF magnesia	Generator
Sulfuric acid OF magnesia	Generator
Sulphuric acid OF magnesia	Generator
Bitter salt	HMDB
Magnesium sulfate dried	HMDB
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate	HMDB
Magnesium sulphate dried	HMDB
Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate	HMDB
Magnesium sulphate hydrate	HMDB
Heptahydrate magnesium sulfate	MeSH
Magnesium sulfate, heptahydrate	MeSH
Sulfate, magnesium	MeSH

Chemical Formula

MgO₄S

Average Molecular Mass

120.368 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

119.937 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

7487-88-9

IUPAC Name

magnesium(2+) ion sulfate

Traditional Name

magnesium(2+) ion sulfate

SMILES

[Mg++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Mg.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2

InChI Key

CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkaline earth metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkaline earth metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Alkaline earth metal sulfates

Direct Parent

Alkaline earth metal sulfates

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alkaline earth metal sulfate
Inorganic oxide
Inorganic salt

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

magnesium salt (CHEBI:32599 )
metal sulfate (CHEBI:32599 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	1124°C (decomposition)
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	710 mg/mL

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.84	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	80.26 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	11.53 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	5.81 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-0900000000-ecce6224eba6c0478dfd	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-0900000000-847e43052c710c4334ef	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-0900000000-847e43052c710c4334ef	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-0900000000-847e43052c710c4334ef	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle. The first warning of impending toxicity is loss of the patellar reflex at plasma concentrations between 3.5 and 5 mmol/L. Respiratory paralysis occurs at 5 to 6.5 mmol/L. Cardiac conduction is altered at greater than 7.5 mmol/L, and cardiac arrest can be expected when concentrations of magnesium exceed 12.5 mmol/L.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

3.5 mmol/L in blood.

Symptoms

Adverse reactions include hypotension, ECG changes, diarrhea, urinary retention, CNS depression and respiratory depression.

Treatment

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Unit	Value Range	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Reference
1200.0	mg/kg	Not Available	parenteral-subcutaneous	LD50	rat	experimental	Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
eclampsia	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC8228929
ischemia	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC8228929
hypotension	associated_with	Not Available	PMC10169116
pre-eclampsia	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC8228929
cerebral palsy	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC8228929 , PMC8252743
cerebral palsy	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC12261812

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
233	Brushes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
253	Drugs for constipation	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
268	Minerals	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
281	IV solution additives	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
315	Dermatological preparations	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
411	Unclassified diagnostic agents	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
495	Ceilings	Building & Construction	Not Available
496	Fencing	Building & Construction	Not Available
497	Floors	Building & Construction	Not Available
506	Antennas	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
510	Communication Cables Or Conductors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
514	Discharge Lamps	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
517	Electric Switches	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
520	Emergency Protective Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
527	Magnets	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
529	Power Cables	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
530	Radio Transmission Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
531	Relays	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
535	Superconducting Magnets And Superconducting Coils	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
536	Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission Lines	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
537	Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
539	Video Games	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
543	Cellar Tools	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
544	Fermentation Processes For Beer	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
547	Preparation Of Malt	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
548	Preparation Of Vinegar	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
550	Preparation Of Wort	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
552	Processing Meats	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
553	Treatment Of Hops	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
555	Bleaching Agents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
556	Cigar Cigarettes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
560	Other Smoking Requisites	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
564	Soap Dispensers	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
566	Tobacco Pipes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
567	Tobacco Product Cases	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
569	Tobacco Smoke Filters	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
578	Making Cigars	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
581	Paper Making Machines	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
584	Buoys	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
592	Marine Propulsion Or Steering	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	Not Available
596	Acaricides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
598	Fertiliser Distributors	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
602	Molluscicides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
603	Nematocides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
604	Pest Attractants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
605	Pest Repellants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
607	Rodenticides(1)	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
608	Rodenticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
609	Aftershave	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
610	Aftersun Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
612	Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
613	Depilatories	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
616	Face Mask Cosmetics	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
617	Lip Care Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
630	Toys	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
642	Footwear	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
652	Ropes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
655	Slide Fasteners	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
657	Surface Finishing Of Leather	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
659	Transfer Printing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
661	Umbrellas	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
662	Yarns Or Threads	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available

Pathways

2 pathways

Magnesium Sulfate Action Pathway

Magnesium sulfate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2364.83
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 7	P43166	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1378.48
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 1	P00915	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2018.4
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Q16790	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2074.6
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha carbonic anhydrase	B5SU02	Stylophora pistillata	Predicted (SEA)	125.882
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase	C0IX24	Stylophora pistillata	Predicted (SEA)	125.882
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 6	P23280	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	901.416
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 4	P22748	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1345.08
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase	P40881	Methanosarcina thermophila	Predicted (SEA)	82.7537
Click to view 3D structure	Astrosclerin-3	A6YCJ1	Astrosclera willeyana	Predicted (SEA)	206.223
Click to view 3D structure	Dual specificity protein phosphatase 5	Q16690	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7.78492
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase	P53615	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c	Predicted (SEA)	243.902
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00921	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	374.066
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 12	O43570	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	4875.46
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase	Q5AJ71	Candida albicans (strain SC5314 / ATCC MYA-2876) (Yeast)	Predicted (SEA)	1583.76
Click to view 3D structure	Beta-carbonic anhydrase 1	P9WPJ7	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Predicted (SEA)	1218.11
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Q3I4V7	Cryptococcus neoformans	Predicted (SEA)	1579.48
Click to view 3D structure	Delta carbonic anhydrase	Q5U9J1	Conticribra weissflogii	Predicted (SEA)	367.37
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase	Q6FTL6	Candida glabrata CBS 138	Predicted (SEA)	984.87
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonate dehydratase	B2V8E3	Sulfurihydrogenibium sp. (strain YO3AOP1)	Predicted (SEA)	444.597
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase	O24855	Helicobacter pylori (strain ATCC 700392 / 26695) (Campylobacterpylori)	Predicted (SEA)	553.43
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family	Q31FD6	Thiomicrospira crunogena	Predicted (SEA)	444.675
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 15	Q99N23	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	2586.85
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	Q9Y2D0	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	3700.33
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 4	Q95323	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	1796.29
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	Q13936	Humans	Known	Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	Q13698	Humans	Known	Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1	Q02641	Humans	Known	Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2	Q08289	Humans	Known	Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit	Q06432	Humans	Known	Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1	P54289	Humans	Known	Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids. It is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction. Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca²⁺ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels. This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00653

HMDB ID

HMDB0014791

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Magnesium sulfate

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

32599

PubChem Compound ID

24083

Kegg Compound ID

Not Available

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Shinichi Yamamoto, Akifumi Sekitani, “BASIC MAGNESIUM SULFATE GRANULE, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF.” U.S. Patent US20110042297, issued February 24, 2011.

MSDS

Link

General References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=8991630

Magnesium Sulfate (CED0001006)

Structure for CHEM002240: Magnesium Sulfate

Structure