Galantamine (CED0002855)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:27:24 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:45:43 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0002855

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002245
T3D2857

Identification

Common Name

Galantamine

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Galantamine is an exogenous solid with the formula C17H21NO3 and an average molecular weight of 287.35 g/mol. Galantamine belongs to the galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids, a subclass of amaryllidaceae alkaloids within the organic compounds. This plant metabolite acts as a cholinergic drug and functions as an inhibitor of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) and acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Its proposed mechanism of action involves increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through the reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. In addition to acetylcholinesterase, it serves as an allosteric modulator of the acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha (CHRNA1), beta (CHRNB1), delta (CHRND), and gamma (CHRNG), among 14 other protein targets. Galantamine is used as an antidote to curare poisoning. It is found in 17 recorded sources across several sectors, including healthcare, pharmaceuticals and veterinary products (anti-dementia drugs and medical devices), electrical and electronic equipment (cell phones, capacitors, wires and cables, batteries, and printed circuit boards), textiles, leather and furnishings (synthetic textiles, carpets and rugs), food, food processing and cookware (food packaging), and lubricants within the energy, oil and gas and industrial manufacturing and chemical processing sectors. Recorded routes of exposure for the compound include oral, inhalation, and touch.

Contaminant Type

Amine
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Drug
Ether
Human Neurotoxin
Metabolite
Nootropic Agent
Organic Compound
PFAS
Parasympathomimetic
Phytotoxin
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-GALANTHAMINE	ChEBI
Reminyl	Kegg
Galanthamine	HMDB
Galanthamine hydrobromide	HMDB
Lycoremine	HMDB
Galantamin	HMDB
Razadyne	HMDB
Nivalin	HMDB
Nivaline	HMDB
Ortho mcneil neurologics brand OF galantamine	HMDB
Ortho-mcneil neurologics brand OF galantamine	HMDB
Galantamine	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₁₇H₂₁NO₃

Average Molecular Mass

287.354 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

287.152 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

357-70-0

IUPAC Name

(1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-4-methyl-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.0¹,¹².0⁶,¹⁷]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-ol

Traditional Name

galantamine

SMILES

[H][C@]12C[C@@H](O)C=C[C@]11CCN(C)CC3=C1C(O2)=C(OC)C=C3

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C17H21NO3/c1-18-8-7-17-6-5-12(19)9-14(17)21-16-13(20-2)4-3-11(10-18)15(16)17/h3-6,12,14,19H,7-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,14-,17-/m0/s1

InChI Key

ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids. These are amaryllidaceae alkaloids with a structure characterized a tetracyclic skeleton with two ortho aromatic protons in ring A.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Alkaloids and derivatives

Class

Amaryllidaceae alkaloids

Sub Class

Galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids

Direct Parent

Galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloid
Benzazepine
Coumaran
Anisole
Alkyl aryl ether
Azepine
Aralkylamine
Benzenoid
Secondary alcohol
Tertiary amine
Tertiary aliphatic amine
Ether
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Azacycle
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

tertiary amino compound (CHEBI:42944 )
organic heterotetracyclic compound (CHEBI:42944 )
benzazepine alkaloid (CHEBI:42944 )
benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent (CHEBI:42944 )
Isoquinoline alkaloids (C08526 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor ?An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor ?An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).
plant metabolite ?Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms
cholinergic drug ?

Chemical Roles

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	269-270°C (HBr salt)
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	10 mg/mL (HBr salt)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1.7 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.39	ALOGPS
logP	1.16	ChemAxon
logS	-2.2	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	14.81	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	8.91	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	41.93 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	82.3 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	31.4 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	4	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-010u-2090000000-ce0fee33e6fee456fb64	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00fu-9137000000-e759a1bc34f489765011	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0390000000-f4f443a7f842d92dec39	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03ei-0390000000-5f20c8cd1421554a2365	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-0090000000-c09fea1137eb040ccff3	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-1090000000-e8fc73122c750f4a8b29	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-1000-4190000000-4e6f34da3d49bbf029b4	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0090000000-d57ff615302227895e9b	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0090000000-084d311da94f251627eb	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0w2c-1490000000-3ee999f09979ab3820f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0090000000-8e23f9bfe8905382513a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0079-0090000000-a9adf4464f8392bb18ad	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000l-1090000000-cd82eceaf8d38fd37298	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0090000000-32affc6af32f5da1d257	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0090000000-6b6acbca4d5713d4973f	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-02u3-0090000000-5c86743e445ac6cabb6a	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-000l-5980000000-928ad889466b6a2b3827	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
75.0 mg/kg	Rat	LD50	Not Available	experimental	Not Available	1
153.0 Log mg/kg [90:270]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Galantamine is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Symptoms of low dose exposure include excessive salivation and eye-watering. Acute dose symptoms include severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, anxiety, headache, tremor and ataxia may also result.

Treatment

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000007	Pesticides?Pesticides are synthetic chemicals designed to prevent, destroy, or control pests that threaten crops and agricultural productivity.	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
CEDs000120	Wires and cables?Wires and cables are integral components in the transmission of electrical power and signals.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000121	Printed circuit boards?Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential components in the manufacturing of electronic devices, serving as the backbone for electrical connections and circuit pathways.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000125	Batteries?Batteries are devices that store and release electrical energy through electrochemical reactions.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000130	Semiconductors?Semiconductors are materials that possess electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators, making them essential for various electronic applications, including transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000138	Lubricants?Lubricants are synthetic or petroleum-derived substances used to reduce friction between surfaces in machinery and equipment, enhancing operational efficiency and longevity.	Energy, oil & gas	Not Available
CEDs000147	Food packaging?Food packaging often utilizes synthetic chemicals, such as plastics and coatings, to enhance durability, moisture resistance, and shelf life.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000174	Lubricants?Lubricants are synthetic or petroleum-based substances used to reduce friction and wear between moving parts in machinery and equipment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000234	Medical devices?Medical devices often incorporate synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing processes, which can contribute to contamination in healthcare settings.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000380	Anti-dementia drugs?Anti-dementia drugs, primarily used to manage symptoms of cognitive decline in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, include cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000451	Carpets and Rugs?Carpets and rugs are commonly manufactured using synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester, and polypropylene, which can be derived from petrochemical sources.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000454	Synthetic textiles?Synthetic textiles are materials derived from man-made fibers, such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic, which are produced through chemical processes involving petrochemicals.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
CEDs000490		Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000492	Cell phones?Cell phones contain a variety of synthetic chemicals and materials, including plastics, metals, and glass, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000493	Capacitors?Capacitors are electronic components that store and release electrical energy, often using dielectric materials that can include synthetic chemicals.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000497	Floors?Floors in built environments can be a significant source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and finishes used in their construction.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000505	Amplifiers?Amplifiers, commonly used in various electronic devices to enhance signal strength, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and processes involved in their production and disposal.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	Not Available
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	Not Available
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	Not Available
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	Not Available
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available

Pathways

2 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Galantamine Action Pathway (new, revision)

Galantamine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.696 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.80e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 406 E-value 2.95827
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	O42275	Electrophorus electricus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.629 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.80e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 206 E-value 2.17978
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P04058	Torpedo californica	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.611 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 30 E-value 0.233548
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P81908	Equus caballus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.527 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0014 Supporting Reference Compounds 201 E-value 11.2881
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P37136	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.512 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0012 Supporting Reference Compounds 95 E-value 9.57545
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P06276	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.349 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.009 Supporting Reference Compounds 234 E-value 69.7529
Click to view 3D structure	Butyrylcholinesterase	Q9N1N9	Equus caballus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.347 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0023 Supporting Reference Compounds 44 E-value 18.2167
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P21836	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.346 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0045 Supporting Reference Compounds 58 E-value 35.0322
Click to view 3D structure	Butyrylcholinesterase	Q9JKC1	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.345 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0028 Supporting Reference Compounds 32 E-value 21.7978
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P23795	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.343 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0023 Supporting Reference Compounds 50 E-value 18.2946
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P35372	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.337 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 0.0422 Supporting Reference Compounds 527 E-value 328.679
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P41143	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.337 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 0.0384 Supporting Reference Compounds 427 E-value 298.863
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	Q00960	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.318 Applicability Domain 0.579 Statistical Significance 0.0019 Supporting Reference Compounds 36 E-value 14.7914
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P42866	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.316 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 0.0217 Supporting Reference Compounds 107 E-value 168.933
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P33533	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.305 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 0.0366 Supporting Reference Compounds 164 E-value 285.162
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P33535	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.297 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 0.0456 Supporting Reference Compounds 229 E-value 355.304
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P41145	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.296 Applicability Domain 0.325 Statistical Significance 0.0703 Supporting Reference Compounds 532 E-value 547.047
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P41144	Cavia porcellus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.294 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 0.0405 Supporting Reference Compounds 199 E-value 315.679
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P34975	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.275 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 0.0375 Supporting Reference Compounds 66 E-value 292.012
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Q99720	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.269 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 0.1264 Supporting Reference Compounds 562 E-value 983.781
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2	Q12809	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.267 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 0.369 Supporting Reference Compounds 1498 E-value 2872.87
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P97266	Cavia porcellus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.264 Applicability Domain 0.274 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.058 Supporting Reference Compounds 186 E-value 451.214
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P33534	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.259 Applicability Domain 0.28 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.032 Supporting Reference Compounds 61 E-value 249.195
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	P08908	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.255 Applicability Domain 0.261 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.2323 Supporting Reference Compounds 953 E-value 1808.52
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P32300	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.249 Applicability Domain 0.27 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0636 Supporting Reference Compounds 166 E-value 495.277
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Known	Galantamine's proposed mechanism of action involves the increase of the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase.
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha	P02708	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta	P11230	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta	Q07001	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon	Q04844	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma	P07510	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10	Q9GZZ6	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	Q15822	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	P32297	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	P43681	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	P30532	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	Q15825	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	P36544	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9	Q9UGM1	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	P17787	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	Q05901	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	P30926	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P06276	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Known	Galantamine's proposed mechanism of action involves the increase of the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase.

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00674

HMDB ID

HMDB0014812

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00001570

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Vijaya Bolugoddu, Sanjay Shukla, Mukunda Jambula, Rajeshwar Sagyam, Ramchandra Pingili, Ananda Thirunavakarasu, “Preparation of (-)-galantamine hydrobromide.” U.S. Patent US20060009640, issued January 12, 2006.

MSDS

Link

General References

Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Cheng D, Shrivastava S, Tzur D, Gautam B, Hassanali M: DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. Epub 2007 Nov 29. [PubMed: 18048412]
Scott LJ, Goa KL: Galantamine: a review of its use in Alzheimer's disease. Drugs. 2000 Nov;60(5):1095-122. [PubMed: 11129124]
Greenblatt HM, Kryger G, Lewis T, Silman I, Sussman JL: Structure of acetylcholinesterase complexed with (-)-galanthamine at 2.3 A resolution. FEBS Lett. 1999 Dec 17;463(3):321-6. [PubMed: 10606746]
Woodruff-Pak DS, Vogel RW 3rd, Wenk GL: Galantamine: effect on nicotinic receptor binding, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13;98(4):2089-94. Epub 2001 Feb 6. [PubMed: 11172080]
Birks J: Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jan 25;(1):CD005593. [PubMed: 16437532]
Olin J, Schneider L: Galantamine for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD001747. [PubMed: 12137632]
Drugs.com - http://www.drugs.com/cons/Galantamine.html

Galantamine (CED0002855)

Structure for CHEM002245: Galantamine

Structure