Felbamate (CED0006616)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:28:00 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 16:53:53 UTC
SynCED IDCED0006616
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • CHEM002308
  • T3D2937
Identification
Common NameFelbamate
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Felbamate is an exogenous solid with the formula C11H14N2O4 and an average molecular weight of 238.24 g/mol. Felbamate belongs to the benzene and substituted derivatives, a class of benzenoids within the organic compounds. It is utilized as an anticonvulsant and a neuroprotective agent. Its recorded exposure route is oral. The compound is found in several recorded sources, including antiepileptics within healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products. Other sources include drinking water, electrically stimulated smoking devices, and household cleaning and consumer products such as tobacco smoke filters, cigar cigarettes, non-electric simulated smoking devices, and other smoking requisites. It is also associated with food processing and cookware, specifically the preparation of wine or sparkling wine and fermentation processes for beer. Felbamate targets three protein receptors: glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 2A (GRIN2A), NMDA 2B (GRIN2B), and NMDA 3A (GRIN3A). While the exact mechanism by which it exerts anticonvulsant activity is unknown, animal test systems show it shares properties with other marketed anticonvulsants. In vitro receptor binding studies suggest that felbamate may act as an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ionophore complex. This antagonism of the NMDA receptor glycine binding site may block specific effects.
Contaminant Type
  • Amine
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Antiepileptic Agent
  • Drug
  • Ester
  • Ether
  • Human Neurotoxin
  • Metabolite
  • Neuroprotective Agent
  • Organic Compound
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamateChEBI
Carbamic acid 2-phenyltrimethylene esterChEBI
Carbamic acid 3-carbamoyloxy-2-phenyl-propyl esterChEBI
FelbamatoChEBI
FelbamatumChEBI
FelbatolKegg
2-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamic acidGenerator
Carbamate 2-phenyltrimethylene esterGenerator
Carbamate 3-carbamoyloxy-2-phenyl-propyl esterGenerator
Felbamic acidGenerator
FelbamylHMDB
Wallace brand 1 OF felbamateHMDB
TaloxaHMDB
Wallace brand 2 OF felbamateHMDB
(3-Carbamoyloxy-2-phenyl-propyl) carbamateHMDB
2 Phenyl 1,3 propanediol dicarbamateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC11H14N2O4
Average Molecular Mass238.240 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass238.095 g/mol
CAS Registry Number25451-15-4
IUPAC Name3-(carbamoyloxy)-2-phenylpropyl carbamate
Traditional Namefelbamate
SMILESNC(=O)OCC(COC(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C11H14N2O4/c12-10(14)16-6-9(7-17-11(13)15)8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2,(H2,12,14)(H2,13,15)
InChI KeyWKGXYQFOCVYPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentBenzene and substituted derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Carbamic acid ester
  • Carbonic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point151.5°C
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilitySlightly soluble in water
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.74 g/LALOGPS
logP0.56ALOGPS
logP0.68ChemAxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.98ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area104.64 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity59.59 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability23.52 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0fdo-6900000000-0f546bad5ba921f66b40Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-2900000000-880b1fb1822a512a352cNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-016r-1900000000-f04127a0f39b9e0b001fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-2900000000-880b1fb1822a512a352cNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-016r-1900000000-f04127a0f39b9e0b001fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-edb979350df20b03f995Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-2390000000-02895c4e844f089545e6Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-3920000000-e7c2dfe58df4e1e34dccNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004l-9500000000-e824587a3374313f7cc4Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9010000000-b6e0a295dcbb7a9c5266Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-d549b5cb79133b3aa46eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-6a77d5d551bb1bd0c3a6Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-de230d778fe1524d8977Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-12a693a2773960f72de0Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-4900000000-bf2fec3e77955586472eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-3900000000-3ae60a2a1bad9c4de09bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-0ce4d922671bd2797d22Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-94bb7174b97d6eefb992Not AvailableView Spectrum
MSMS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-5900000000-673caaab3dded596924cNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalToxicity RatingReference
5000.0 mg/kg RatLD50OralexperimentalNot Available1
2012.0 Log mg/kg [1100:3600]RatLD50oralpredictedNot AvailableNot Available
Toxicity / Toxin ClassNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityThe mechanism by which felbamate exerts its anticonvulsant activity is unknown, but in animal test systems designed to detect anticonvulsant activity, felbamate has properties in common with other marketed anticonvulsants. In vitro receptor binding studies suggest that felbamate may be an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ionophore complex. Antagonism of the NMDA receptor glycine binding site may block the effects of the excitatory amino acids and suppress seizure activity. Animal studies indicate that felbamate may increase the seizure threshold and may decrease seizure spread. It is also indicated that felbamate has weak inhibitory effects on GABA-receptor binding, benzodiazepine receptor binding.
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentGeneral supportive measures should be employed if overdosage occurs. It is not known if felbamate is dialyzable. (4)
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionDescriptionReference
epilepsyNot AvailableNot AvailableA brain disease that is characterized by the occurrance of at least two unprovoked seizures resulting from a persistent epileptogenic abnormality of the brain that is able to spontaneously generate paroxysmal activity and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions. (DO)PMC7321613
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
CEDs000010Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000115Drinking water?Drinking water can be a medium for synthetic chemical contamination, often originating from various industrial processes and agricultural practices.Drinking water & water supplyNot Available
CEDs000371Antiepileptics?Antiepileptics are a class of synthetic drugs used primarily to manage seizure disorders.Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
CEDs000518Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000544Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine?The preparation of wine or sparkling wine involves various stages, including fermentation, aging, and bottling, which can introduce potential sources of synthetic chemical contamination.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000556Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000559Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000560Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000569Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000596Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000605Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000611Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000615Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000632Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000671Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.Aviation & AerospacePubChem
CEDs000685Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000688Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000696Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000741Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000744Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
Pathways
3 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Click to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1P08482Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.302
Applicability Domain
0.313
Statistical Significance
0.0061
Supporting Reference Compounds
109
E-value
47.4102
Click to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2P10980Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.302
Applicability Domain
0.313
Statistical Significance
0.0045
Supporting Reference Compounds
98
E-value
35.1878
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter structureClick to view 3D structureSodium-dependent dopamine transporterQ01959HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.3
Applicability Domain
0.444
Statistical Significance
0.0405
Supporting Reference Compounds
506
E-value
315.367
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AP28223HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.299
Applicability Domain
0.367
Statistical Significance
0.0822
Supporting Reference Compounds
955
E-value
640.154
Histone deacetylase 4 structureClick to view 3D structureHistone deacetylase 4P56524HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.296
Applicability Domain
0.353
Statistical Significance
0.0241
Supporting Reference Compounds
185
E-value
187.539
Click to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AP19327Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.292
Applicability Domain
0.37
Statistical Significance
0.0627
Supporting Reference Compounds
541
E-value
488.27
Kynureninase structureClick to view 3D structureKynureninaseQ16719HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.291
Applicability Domain
0.302
Statistical Significance
3.00e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
2
E-value
2.33548
Click to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Q8VH26Cavia porcellusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.29
Applicability Domain
0.313
Statistical Significance
0.0029
Supporting Reference Compounds
52
E-value
22.5763
Click to view 3D structurePeptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenaseP19021HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.289
Applicability Domain
0.289 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.0067
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
51.9254
D(2) dopamine receptor structureClick to view 3D structureD(2) dopamine receptorP14416HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.289
Applicability Domain
0.444
Statistical Significance
0.1146
Supporting Reference Compounds
1103
E-value
892.074
Click to view 3D structureMuscarinic receptor 4Q8VH25Cavia porcellusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.288
Applicability Domain
0.288 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
1.80e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
1.40129
Cytochrome P450 2D6 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2D6P10635HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.288
Applicability Domain
0.313
Statistical Significance
0.1537
Supporting Reference Compounds
1130
E-value
1196.62
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3P42264Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.288
Applicability Domain
0.368
Statistical Significance
9.60e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
26
E-value
7.47353
Coagulation factor X structureClick to view 3D structureCoagulation factor XP00742HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.287
Applicability Domain
0.3
Statistical Significance
0.0466
Supporting Reference Compounds
284
E-value
362.544
Mandelate racemase structureClick to view 3D structureMandelate racemaseP11444Pseudomonas putidaPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.324
Applicability Domain
0.324
Statistical Significance
1.50e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
1.16774
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1P11229HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.321
Applicability Domain
0.357
Statistical Significance
0.0173
Supporting Reference Compounds
385
E-value
135.068
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3P20309HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.321
Applicability Domain
0.357
Statistical Significance
0.0116
Supporting Reference Compounds
310
E-value
90.2272
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4P08173HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.317
Applicability Domain
0.357
Statistical Significance
0.0129
Supporting Reference Compounds
297
E-value
100.27
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AP14842Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.315
Applicability Domain
0.37
Statistical Significance
0.0293
Supporting Reference Compounds
380
E-value
228.41
Serine racemase structureClick to view 3D structureSerine racemaseQ9GZT4HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.31
Applicability Domain
0.31
Statistical Significance
0.0016
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
12.378
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5P08912HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.309
Applicability Domain
0.313
Statistical Significance
0.0146
Supporting Reference Compounds
266
E-value
113.816
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2P08172HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.309
Applicability Domain
0.313
Statistical Significance
0.0217
Supporting Reference Compounds
373
E-value
169.322
Click to view 3D structureSodium-dependent dopamine transporterP23977Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.308
Applicability Domain
0.444
Statistical Significance
0.0168
Supporting Reference Compounds
203
E-value
130.553
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3P08483Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.304
Applicability Domain
0.313
Statistical Significance
0.0017
Supporting Reference Compounds
55
E-value
13.0008
Click to view 3D structureKynureninaseP70712Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.302
Applicability Domain
0.302
Statistical Significance
4.00e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
3.11397
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BQ13224HumansKnownThe mechanism by which felbamate exerts its anticonvulsant activity is unknown, but in animal test systems designed to detect anticonvulsant activity, felbamate has properties in common with other marketed anticonvulsants. In vitro receptor binding studies suggest that felbamate may be an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ionophore complex. Antagonism of the NMDA receptor glycine binding site may block the effects of the excitatory amino acids and suppress seizure activity. Animal studies indicate that felbamate may increase the seizure threshold and may decrease seizure spread.
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3AQ8TCU5HumansKnownThe mechanism by which felbamate exerts its anticonvulsant activity is unknown, but in animal test systems designed to detect anticonvulsant activity, felbamate has properties in common with other marketed anticonvulsants. In vitro receptor binding studies suggest that felbamate may be an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ionophore complex. Antagonism of the NMDA receptor glycine binding site may block the effects of the excitatory amino acids and suppress seizure activity. Animal studies indicate that felbamate may increase the seizure threshold and may decrease seizure spread.
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2AQ12879HumansKnownThe mechanism by which felbamate exerts its anticonvulsant activity is unknown, but in animal test systems designed to detect anticonvulsant activity, felbamate has properties in common with other marketed anticonvulsants. In vitro receptor binding studies suggest that felbamate may be an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ionophore complex. Antagonism of the NMDA receptor glycine binding site may block the effects of the excitatory amino acids and suppress seizure activity. Animal studies indicate that felbamate may increase the seizure threshold and may decrease seizure spread.
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB00949
HMDB IDHMDB0015084
FooDB IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFelbamate
Chemspider ID3214
ChEBI ID4995
PubChem Compound ID3331
Kegg Compound IDC07501
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSLink
General References
  1. Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Cheng D, Shrivastava S, Tzur D, Gautam B, Hassanali M: DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. Epub 2007 Nov 29. [PubMed: 18048412]
  2. Leppik IE, Dreifuss FE, Pledger GW, Graves NM, Santilli N, Drury I, Tsay JY, Jacobs MP, Bertram E, Cereghino JJ, et al.: Felbamate for partial seizures: results of a controlled clinical trial. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1785-9. [PubMed: 1944909]
  3. Drugs.com - http://www.drugs.com/cons/Felbamate.html
  4. RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). - http://www.rxlist.com/