Hydrocodone (CED0003335)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:28:02 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:54:04 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0003335

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002312
T3D2941

Identification

Common Name

Hydrocodone

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Hydrocodone belongs to the morphinans, a class of alkaloids and derivatives within the organic compounds. It has the formula C18H21NO3, an average molecular weight of 299.36 g/mol, and exists as a solid at room temperature. This exogenous compound is used as an antitussive and an opioid analgesic, and it serves as a mu-opioid receptor agonist. It is used as a treatment for pain (PMC7012325 ). Hydrocodone is recorded as being found in drinking water, brew kettles, analgesics, cough and cold preparations, and various household cleaning and consumer products, including pipe accessories, tobacco pipes, other smoking requisites, and non electric simulated smoking devices. It is also found in electrical and electronic equipment, such as antennas, auxiliary devices, magnets, still video cameras, and superconducting magnets and superconducting coils. Recorded exposure routes include oral and topical. The compound is a ligand of Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) and targets the mu-type (OPRM1), delta-type (OPRD1), and kappa-type (OPRK1) opioid receptors. Hydrocodone acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). It primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase.

Contaminant Type

Amine
Analgesic
Analgesic, Opioid
Antitussive Agent
Drug
Ether
Metabolite
Narcotic
Organic Compound
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-Dihydrocodeinone	ChEBI
4,5-alpha-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one	ChEBI
Dihydrocodeinone	ChEBI
Hidrocodona	ChEBI
Hydrocodon	ChEBI
Hydrocodonum	ChEBI
Hydrocone	ChEBI
Hydroconum	ChEBI
Idrocodone	ChEBI
4,5-a-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one	Generator
4,5-Α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one	Generator
Hycon	HMDB
Codinovo	HMDB
Hycodan	HMDB
Hydrocodone tartrate (1:1), hydrate (2:5)	HMDB
Knoll brand OF hydrocodone tartrate	HMDB
Nourypharma brand OF hydrocodone tartrate	HMDB
Robins brand OF hydrocodone tartrate	HMDB
Wyeth brand OF hydrocodone tartrate	HMDB
Dicodid	HMDB
Du pont brand OF hydrocodone tartrate	HMDB
Hydrocodeinonebitartrate	HMDB
Hydrocodone bitartrate	HMDB
Hydrocon	HMDB
Robidone	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₈H₂₁NO₃

Average Molecular Mass

299.364 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

299.152 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

125-29-1

IUPAC Name

(1S,5R,13R,17R)-10-methoxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0¹,¹³.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁷,¹⁸]octadeca-7(18),8,10-trien-14-one

Traditional Name

hydrocodone

SMILES

[H][C@@]12OC3=C(OC)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1([H])CCC2=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C18H21NO3/c1-19-8-7-18-11-4-5-13(20)17(18)22-16-14(21-2)6-3-10(15(16)18)9-12(11)19/h3,6,11-12,17H,4-5,7-9H2,1-2H3/t11-,12+,17-,18-/m0/s1

InChI Key

LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Alkaloids and derivatives

Class

Morphinans

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Morphinans

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Morphinan
Phenanthrene
Isoquinolone
Tetralin
Coumaran
Anisole
Alkyl aryl ether
Aralkylamine
Piperidine
Benzenoid
Ketone
Tertiary amine
Tertiary aliphatic amine
Oxacycle
Ether
Azacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Amine
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Organic nitrogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

organic heteropentacyclic compound (CHEBI:5779 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	198°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Insoluble

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.8 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.13	ALOGPS
logP	1.96	ChemAxon
logS	-2.6	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	18	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	8.61	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	38.77 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	82.74 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	32.05 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	5	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-2090000000-117774746c444c4e0488	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0009000000-f21858df54194757e2d9	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0009000000-9b129b5d29df52345272	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0649000000-82623b23b75f0a0b232d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0920000000-b67ff5a32d0ddd40c4c7	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-006t-0900000000-0277ba7435a4081ab333	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0g6v-0900000000-b335c52fad1274cd28cb	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0539000000-60e3ee4cd365c32565d2	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0g6v-0900000000-a3ca9b5bf55ce8c114d5	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0539000000-a9095e27f0dee030ee9a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0009000000-dfe701f042e4ae48fa1d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0921000000-93f2238f422f7dbee100	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-006t-0900000000-85ee173792972a321cc1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0009000000-c527bc2c918e346dafb8	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0029000000-1c3fa3b4b1357be62616	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-1098000000-f000ea847c9e68994f23	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-8090000000-dd4e0e79adfda3b828cc	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-d9ab1faf7327dd439b2c	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-2b3b1b2934a4489426fc	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-003r-1190000000-666f47c119770568eaf1	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0009000000-1d8c7ea64ca3af7aef5e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udi-0009000000-8b328c7a2ca4dc1b0c72	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0f6x-2091000000-71570a929a535e2fa4d2	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-cf6f68fb1a2e8ad8e416	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0090000000-cf6f68fb1a2e8ad8e416	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000t-0090000000-0f770b43a2251fd7dba1	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-0005-6970000000-3ba3e105098639cd6091	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
85.7 mg/kg	Mouse	LD50	Parenteral-subcutaneous	experimental	Not Available	1
225.0 Log mg/kg [130:400]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Hydrocodone acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrocodone primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as hydrocodone also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Symptoms of overdose include respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cyanosis), extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, dizziness, ringing in the ears, confusion, blurred vision, eye problems, cold and clammy skin, and sometimes bradycardia and hypotension. In severe overdose, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur.

Treatment

Immediate treatment includes support of cardiorespiratory function and measures to reduce drug absorption. Vomiting should be induced mechanically, or with syrup of ipecac, if the patient is alert (adequate pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes). Oral activated charcoal (1 g/kg) should follow gastric emptying. The first dose should be accompanied by an appropriate cathartic. If repeated doses are used, the cathartic might be included with alternate doses as required. Hypotension is usually hypovolemic and should respond to fluids. Vasopressors and other supportive measures should be employed as indicated. A cuffed endo-tracheal tube should be inserted before gastric lavage of the unconscious patient and, when necessary, to provide assisted respiration. Meticulous attention should be given to maintaining adequate pulmonary ventilation. In severe cases of intoxication, peritoneal dialysis, or preferably hemodialysis may be considered. Naloxone, a narcotic antagonist, can reverse respiratory depression and coma associated with opioid overdose. Naloxone hydrochloride 0.4 mg to 2 mg is given parenterally. Since the duration of action of hydrocodone may exceed that of the naloxone, the patient should be kept under continuous surveillance and repeated doses of the antagonist should be administered as needed to maintain adequate respiration. (3)

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference
pain	Not Available	Not Available	A disorder characterized by the sensation of marked discomfort, distress or agony. (NCI CTCAE)	PMC7012325
Opiate Overdose	Associated With?	Not Available	Not Available	PMC7027962

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000070	Stormwater runoff?Stormwater runoff refers to the flow of rainwater or melted snow that does not soak into the ground and instead collects pollutants as it travels over impervious surfaces such as roads and parking lots.	Automotive & urban infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000115	Drinking water?Drinking water can be a medium for synthetic chemical contamination, often originating from various industrial processes and agricultural practices.	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
CEDs000233	Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000370	Analgesics?Analgesics are a class of synthetic chemicals designed to alleviate pain.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000392	Cough and cold preparations?Cough and cold preparations often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including antihistamines, decongestants, and expectorants.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000507	Auxiliary Devices?Auxiliary devices, such as capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, are integral components in various electronic systems.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000517	Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000527	Magnets?Magnets, commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000530	Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000534	Still Video Cameras?Still video cameras, which capture images in digital format, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and components used in their production and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000535	Superconducting Magnets And Superconducting Coils?Superconducting magnets and coils are utilized in various applications that require strong magnetic fields, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and particle accelerators.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000537	Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000542	Brew Kettles?Brew kettles are large vessels used in the brewing process for boiling ingredients such as malt, hops, and water.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000556	Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000562	Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000566	Tobacco Pipes?Tobacco pipes, often made from materials such as plastic, wood, or metal, can serve as sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the residues left by tobacco products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel?The manufacture of iron or steel involves various processes, including smelting, refining, and alloying, which can result in the release of synthetic chemicals and contaminants.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000581	Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000592	Marine Propulsion Or Steering?Marine propulsion and steering systems often rely on various synthetic chemicals, including lubricants, fuels, and hydraulic fluids.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000609	Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000612	Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements?Body washing or cleaning implements, such as synthetic sponges, loofahs, and washcloths, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000630	Toys?Toys, particularly those made from synthetic materials such as plastics, can be a source of chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and compounds used in their production.	Recreation & sports surfaces	PubChem
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000643	Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000651	Purses Money Bags Wallets?Purses, money bags, and wallets are often manufactured using synthetic materials, including plastics, polyurethanes, and various treated fabrics.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000661	Umbrellas?Umbrellas are commonly manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyester, nylon, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which can contribute to synthetic chemical contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000662	Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000663	Sanitary Equipment?Sanitary equipment, including toilets, sinks, and drainage systems, can serve as conduits for synthetic chemical contamination.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	PubChem
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000686	Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000697	Submarines?Submarines, while essential for military and research purposes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to their use of various industrial chemicals.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000707	Books?Books can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the use of various chemicals in their production and preservation processes.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000717	Fountain Pens?Fountain pens utilize a liquid ink that often contains synthetic chemicals, including dyes, pigments, and solvents, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000720	Ink Reservoir Pens2?Ink reservoir pens are writing instruments that utilize a reservoir to store ink, which is often composed of synthetic dyes, solvents, and additives.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000727	Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs02255	Water	Aquatic systems & sediments	PMC10702890 , PMC10237466
CEDs03028	Wastewater Effluent	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PMC12609106 , PMC10487102

Pathways

4 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Hydrocodone Action Pathway

Hydrocodone Opioid Agonist Action Pathway

Benzhydrocodone Opioid Agonist Action Pathway

Hydrocodone Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2D6	P10635	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 3A4	P08684	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P41143	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.484 Applicability Domain 0.587 Statistical Significance 0.012 Supporting Reference Compounds 427 E-value 93.1855
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P35372	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.475 Applicability Domain 0.587 Statistical Significance 0.0121 Supporting Reference Compounds 527 E-value 94.1197
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P42866	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.475 Applicability Domain 0.587 Statistical Significance 0.0035 Supporting Reference Compounds 107 E-value 27.4808
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P41144	Cavia porcellus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.445 Applicability Domain 0.554 Statistical Significance 0.0125 Supporting Reference Compounds 199 E-value 97.2337
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P33535	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.441 Applicability Domain 0.554 Statistical Significance 0.0153 Supporting Reference Compounds 229 E-value 119.343
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P33533	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.441 Applicability Domain 0.554 Statistical Significance 0.0111 Supporting Reference Compounds 164 E-value 86.6462
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P34975	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.403 Applicability Domain 0.554 Statistical Significance 0.011 Supporting Reference Compounds 66 E-value 85.8677
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P97266	Cavia porcellus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.399 Applicability Domain 0.421 Statistical Significance 0.0195 Supporting Reference Compounds 186 E-value 151.65
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Q99720	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.396 Applicability Domain 0.554 Statistical Significance 0.0125 Supporting Reference Compounds 562 E-value 97.7008
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P41145	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.391 Applicability Domain 0.441 Statistical Significance 0.022 Supporting Reference Compounds 532 E-value 171.035
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P32300	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.388 Applicability Domain 0.421 Statistical Significance 0.02 Supporting Reference Compounds 166 E-value 155.854
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P33534	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.373 Applicability Domain 0.441 Statistical Significance 0.0099 Supporting Reference Compounds 61 E-value 76.9929
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	O42275	Electrophorus electricus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.339 Applicability Domain 0.437 Statistical Significance 0.0121 Supporting Reference Compounds 206 E-value 94.0419
Click to view 3D structure	Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2	Q96LB1	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.334 Applicability Domain 0.391 Statistical Significance 0.0124 Supporting Reference Compounds 16 E-value 96.6109
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P79350	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.313 Applicability Domain 0.391 Statistical Significance 0.002 Supporting Reference Compounds 17 E-value 15.4141
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P22303	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.306 Applicability Domain 0.361 Statistical Significance 0.0357 Supporting Reference Compounds 406 E-value 277.766
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2D6	P10635	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.302 Applicability Domain 0.373 Statistical Significance 0.101 Supporting Reference Compounds 1130 E-value 786.044
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Q9R0C9	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.301 Applicability Domain 0.373 Statistical Significance 0.0217 Supporting Reference Compounds 207 E-value 169.322
Click to view 3D structure	Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2	Q12809	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.298 Applicability Domain 0.554 Statistical Significance 0.1719 Supporting Reference Compounds 1498 E-value 1338.23
Click to view 3D structure	Nociceptin receptor	P41146	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.298 Applicability Domain 0.391 Statistical Significance 0.0235 Supporting Reference Compounds 73 E-value 183.335
Click to view 3D structure	Acetylcholinesterase	P04058	Torpedo californica	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.298 Applicability Domain 0.361 Statistical Significance 0.004 Supporting Reference Compounds 30 E-value 31.2954
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.292 Applicability Domain 0.373 Statistical Significance 0.0604 Supporting Reference Compounds 593 E-value 470.443
Click to view 3D structure	Cholinesterase	P81908	Equus caballus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.288 Applicability Domain 0.361 Statistical Significance 0.0337 Supporting Reference Compounds 201 E-value 262.352
Click to view 3D structure	Sulfotransferase 1E1	P19217	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.276 Applicability Domain 0.276 Low confidence Statistical Significance 7.70e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 5.99439
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	P08908	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.274 Applicability Domain 0.309 Statistical Significance 0.1367 Supporting Reference Compounds 953 E-value 1064.51
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P41143	Humans	Known	Hydrocodone acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrocodone primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as hydrocodone also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P35372	Humans	Known	Hydrocodone acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrocodone primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as hydrocodone also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P41145	Humans	Known	Hydrocodone acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrocodone primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as hydrocodone also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00956

HMDB ID

HMDB0015091

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Anne M. Hailes, Christopher E. French, Neil C. Bruce, “Morphinone reductase for the preparation of hydromorphone and hydrocodone.” U.S. Patent US5571685, issued November, 1990.

MSDS

Link

General References

Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Cheng D, Shrivastava S, Tzur D, Gautam B, Hassanali M: DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. Epub 2007 Nov 29. [PubMed: 18048412]
Drugs.com - http://www.drugs.com/cons/Hydrocodone.html
RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). - http://www.rxlist.com/

Hydrocodone (CED0003335)

Structure for CHEM002312: Hydrocodone

Structure