Orphenadrine (CED0007441)

Orphenadrine belongs to the diphenylmethanes, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. This exogenous compound has the formula C18H23NO and an average molecular weight of 269.38 g/mol. At room temperature, it exists as a liquid. It is recorded as being found in healthcare, pharmaceuticals and veterinary products, specifically as anticholinergic agents and muscle relaxants. Other recorded sources include electrical and electronic equipment, such as electrodes, conductive bodies and electrically stimulated smoking devices, as well as household cleaning and consumer products, including cigar cigarettes, non electric simulated smoking devices and other smoking requisites. Exposure routes include oral, intravenous and intramuscular administration. Orphenadrine functions as a muscarinic antagonist, parasympatholytic, and NMDA receptor antagonist. It is utilized as an antiparkinson drug, muscle relaxant, antidyskinesia agent and H1-receptor antagonist. Among its 16 recorded protein targets are the Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (SLC6A2), Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha (SCN10A), Solute carrier family 22 member 1 (SLC22A1), and Solute carrier family 22 member 2 (SLC22A2), along with Glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 1 (GRIN1), 2D (GRIN2D), 3A (GRIN3A), and 3B (GRIN3B). Orphenadrine binds to both NMDA receptors and histamine H1 receptors. By exerting an anticholinergic effect, it counteracts the stimulation of the cholinergic system caused by dopamine deficiency in the striatum, which helps restore motor disturbances induced by neuroleptics, specifically hyperkinesia. Additionally, it may have a mood elevating effect and a relaxing effect on skeletal muscle spasms.