Dextroamphetamine (CED0004559)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:28:52 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 17:09:46 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0004559

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002398
T3D3051

Identification

Common Name

Dextroamphetamine

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Dextroamphetamine is an exogenous compound with the formula C9H13N and an average molecular weight of 135.21 g/mol. At room temperature, it exists as a liquid. Dextroamphetamine belongs to the phenethylamines, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. The compound serves several biological and application roles, acting as a neurotoxin, sympathomimetic agent, adrenergic agent, dopaminergic agent, adrenergic uptake inhibitor, and dopamine uptake inhibitor. It is used in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products as a psychostimulant, a nootropic, and an agent for ADHD. Recorded exposure routes include oral and topical administration. It is also found in various other sources, including household cleaning and consumer products such as perfumes within detergents and soaps, bleaching agents, and smoking requisites; food processing activities including the preparation of vinegar, fermentation processes for beer, and the treatment of hops and molasses; and electrical and electronic equipment such as antennas, coils, and discharge lamps. Dextroamphetamine interacts with ten recorded protein targets, including the Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A), Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (ADRA1B), Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), the Synaptic vesicular amine transporter (SLC18A2), and the Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). It is an inducer of the Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (SLC6A2) and an inhibitor of the Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter (SLC6A3). While the exact mechanism of action is not known, the compound stimulates the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, it causes the release of dopamine from the nigrostriatal dopamine systems and the mesocorticolimbic system. Additionally, it may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) and act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors.

Contaminant Type

Adrenergic Agent
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitor
Amine
Central Nervous System Stimulant
Dopamine Agent
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor
Drug
Human Neurotoxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Sympathomimetic
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(+)-(S)-Amphetamine	ChEBI
(+)-alpha-Methylphenethylamine	ChEBI
(+)-alpha-Methylphenylethylamine	ChEBI
(+)-Amphetamine	ChEBI
(AlphaS)-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine	ChEBI
(S)-(+)-Amphetamine	ChEBI
(S)-(+)-beta-Phenylisopropylamine	ChEBI
(S)-1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane	ChEBI
(S)-1-Phenyl-2-propylamine	ChEBI
(S)-alpha-Methylbenzeneethanamine	ChEBI
D-Amphetamine	ChEBI
Dexamphetamine	ChEBI
Dexamfetamine	Kegg
(+)-a-Methylphenethylamine	Generator
(+)-Α-methylphenethylamine	Generator
(+)-a-Methylphenylethylamine	Generator
(+)-Α-methylphenylethylamine	Generator
(AlphaS)-a-methylbenzeneethanamine	Generator
(AlphaS)-α-methylbenzeneethanamine	Generator
(S)-(+)-b-Phenylisopropylamine	Generator
(S)-(+)-Β-phenylisopropylamine	Generator
(S)-a-Methylbenzeneethanamine	Generator
(S)-Α-methylbenzeneethanamine	Generator
(S)-Amphetamine	HMDB
Celltech brand OF dextroamphetamine sulfate	HMDB
Oxydess	HMDB
Sulfate, dextroamphetamine	HMDB
D Amphetamine	HMDB
Curban	HMDB
Dextro-amphetamine sulfate	HMDB
GlaxoSmithKline brand OF dextroamphetamine sulfate	HMDB
Dextro-amphetamine	HMDB
Dextro amphetamine sulfate	HMDB
DextroStat	HMDB
Shire brand OF dextroamphetamine sulfate	HMDB
D-Amphetamine sulfate	HMDB
Dexedrine	HMDB
Dextroamphetamine sulfate	HMDB
Mallinckrodt brand OF dextroamphetamine sulfate	HMDB
Pasadena brand OF dextroamphetamine	HMDB
Vortech brand OF dextroamphetamine sulfate	HMDB
D Amphetamine sulfate	HMDB
Dextro amphetamine	HMDB
Dextroamphetamine	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₉H₁₃N

Average Molecular Mass

135.206 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

135.105 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

51-64-9

IUPAC Name

(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

Traditional Name

amphetamine

SMILES

C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3/t8-/m0/s1

InChI Key

KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as amphetamines and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing or derived from 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Benzenoids

Class

Benzene and substituted derivatives

Sub Class

Phenethylamines

Direct Parent

Amphetamines and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Amphetamine or derivatives
Phenylpropane
Aralkylamine
Organic nitrogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Amine
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

amphetamine (CHEBI:4469 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Biological Roles

sympathomimetic agent ?
dopaminergic agent ?
adrenergic uptake inhibitor ?
dopamine uptake inhibitor ?
neurotoxin ?A chemical substance that interferes with the normal functioning of the nervous system
adrenergic agent ?

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	< 25°C
Boiling Point	203°C
Solubility	1.74e+00 g/L

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1.74 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.85	ALOGPS
logP	1.8	ChemAxon
logS	-1.9	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	10.01	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	26.02 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	43.71 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.08 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9100000000-41224b447ebed58b4d86	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-6e32961bde8922a0f2f3	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00kr-0900000000-e842cf90085d664ef1c3	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014r-2900000000-2b5fda1ab431107344f5	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0fr6-9400000000-b1a9d46f37313e323a64	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-1900000000-0e421d19515a1429b103	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-1900000000-fff6e7346b2c36a8ab21	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-7900000000-3cd62c7239479d83b257	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00kf-6900000000-4f5d22828acdcb13d83e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-c5766ace6b2031302336	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-c8535cbb285cac999590	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9200000000-0f66be3239e5e65d6028	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9100000000-6720c563d36a88e31cd6	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-002f-9000000000-f91f5b5177c2d32668fd	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-f40d32a5bced4783345a	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
96.8 mg/kg	rat	LD50	oral	experimental	Not Available	Not Available
138.0 Log mg/kg [80:250]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

The exact mechanism of action is not known. Dextroamphetamine stimulates the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, it causes release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems by reversal of the monoamine transporters. Dextroamphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Manifestations of acute overdosage with amphetamines include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rhabdomyolysis, rapid respiration, hyperpyrexia, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states. Fatigue and depression usually follow the central stimulation. Cardiovascular effects include arrhythmias, hypertension or hypotension, and circulatory collapse. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Fatal poisoning is usually preceded by convulsions and coma.

Treatment

Management of acute amphetamine intoxication is largely symptomatic and includes gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal, administration of a cathartic, and sedation. Experience with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is inadequate to permit recommendation in this regard. Acidification of the urine increases amphetamine excretion, but is believed to increase risk of acute renal failure if myoglobinuria is present. If acute, severe hypertension complicates amphetamine overdosage, administration of intravenous phentolamine has been suggested. However, a gradual drop in blood pressure will usually result when sufficient sedation has been achieved. Chlorpromazine antagonizes the central stimulant effects of amphetamines and can be used to treat amphetamine intoxication. (11)

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference
insomnia	Associated With?	Not Available	A disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep. (NCI CTCAE)	PMC8328933
anorexia	Associated With?	Not Available	Not Available	PMC8328933

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000181	Ballast water?Ballast water, taken on by ships to maintain stability and balance, often contains a diverse array of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and plankton.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000182	Bilge water?Bilge water is a byproduct generated from the accumulation of water in the lowest part of a ship's hull, which may include a mixture of seawater, oil, fuel residues, and various contaminants.	Marine, shipping & aquaculture	PubChem
CEDs000233	Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000378	Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics?Psychostimulants, including agents commonly prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and nootropics, are synthetic chemicals that enhance cognitive function, attention, and alertness.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000507	Auxiliary Devices?Auxiliary devices, such as capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, are integral components in various electronic systems.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000508	Coils?Coils are components used in various electrical and electronic applications, such as transformers, inductors, and motors.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000514	Discharge Lamps?Discharge lamps, including fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, are commonly used for lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and brightness.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000527	Magnets?Magnets, commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000530	Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000537	Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000539	Video Games?Video games, through their production and disposal processes, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000544	Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000546	Molasses And Treatment Of Molasses?Molasses is a thick, viscous byproduct of sugar production, derived from the extraction of sugar cane or sugar beet juice.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000548	Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000553	Treatment Of Hops?Hops, a key ingredient in brewing and food flavoring, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to various agricultural practices.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000556	Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000578	Making Cigars?The process of making cigars involves several steps, including the cultivation of tobacco, fermentation, and the application of various additives to enhance flavor and preservation.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel?The manufacture of iron or steel involves various processes, including smelting, refining, and alloying, which can result in the release of synthetic chemicals and contaminants.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000581	Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000598	Fertiliser Distributors?Fertiliser distributors play a critical role in the supply of synthetic fertilizers, which are widely used to enhance soil fertility and crop yield.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000602	Molluscicides?Molluscicides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control and eliminate mollusks, such as snails and slugs, which can be detrimental to crops and agricultural productivity.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000604	Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000613	Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000622	Game Accessories?Game accessories, such as synthetic turf, athletic shoes, and other sports-related equipment, often incorporate various synthetic chemicals in their production.	Recreation & sports surfaces	PubChem
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000638	Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000643	Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000650	Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000659	Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000662	Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000671	Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.	Aviation & Aerospace	PubChem
CEDs000674	Bridle Bits?Bridle bits, commonly used in equestrian activities, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the materials used in their manufacturing.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000677	Horse Reins?Horse reins, often made from synthetic materials such as nylon or polyester, can be a source of chemical contamination due to their production and degradation processes.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000686	Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000727	Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000738	Cooling Circuit Water?Cooling circuit water is utilized in various industrial processes to absorb and dissipate heat generated during operations.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem

Pathways

2 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Dextroamphetamine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor Action Pathway

Dextroamphetamine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	P23977	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.688 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 203 E-value 1.86838
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31652	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.657 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 297 E-value 2.64687
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q96RJ0	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.623 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 63 E-value 0.233548
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q8HZ64	Macaca mulatta	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.623 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 1.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 8 E-value 0.0778492
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Q01959	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.601 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 5.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 506 E-value 4.04816
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	P23975	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.601 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 3.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 451 E-value 2.56902
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	P31645	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.584 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 9.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 593 E-value 7.31783
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q923Y8	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.561 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 18 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	P21396	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.56 Applicability Domain 0.6 Statistical Significance 1.80e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 66 E-value 1.40129
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q923Y9	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.553 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 18 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P30994	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.549 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 8.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 40 E-value 0.622794
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	P08909	Rat	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.541 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 6.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 185 E-value 4.82665
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	P14842	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.503 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 0.0021 Supporting Reference Compounds 380 E-value 16.3483
Click to view 3D structure	Norepinephrine transporter	Q9WTR4	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.457 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0012 Supporting Reference Compounds 112 E-value 9.6533
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	P28223	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.442 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0109 Supporting Reference Compounds 955 E-value 84.9335
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2A6	P11509	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.438 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 7.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 68 E-value 0.544945
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier family 15 member 1	P46059	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.422 Applicability Domain 0.471 Statistical Significance 3.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 2.49118
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2A5	P20852	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.411 Applicability Domain 1.0 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 11 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	P28335	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.409 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0111 Supporting Reference Compounds 823 E-value 86.2569
Click to view 3D structure	Cytosol aminopeptidase	P28838	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.401 Applicability Domain 0.483 Statistical Significance 5.00e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 18 E-value 3.89246
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P41595	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.399 Applicability Domain 0.571 Statistical Significance 0.0086 Supporting Reference Compounds 686 E-value 67.1839
Click to view 3D structure	Cytosol aminopeptidase	P00727	Bos taurus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.39 Applicability Domain 0.39 Statistical Significance 0.0014 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 10.821
Click to view 3D structure	Aminopeptidase B	O09175	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.377 Applicability Domain 0.432 Statistical Significance 2.00e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 8 E-value 1.55698
Click to view 3D structure	Neprilysin	Q61391	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.377 Applicability Domain 0.471 Statistical Significance 0.0015 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 11.5995
Click to view 3D structure	Mast cell carboxypeptidase A	P15088	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.375 Applicability Domain 0.387 Statistical Significance 3.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 2.56902
Click to view 3D structure	Trace amine-associated receptor 1	Q96RJ0	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	P23975	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Synaptic vesicular amine transporter	Q05940	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	P35348	Humans	Known	The exact mechanism of action is not known. Dextroamphetamine stimulates the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, it causes release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Dextroamphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	P35368	Humans	Known	The exact mechanism of action is not known. Dextroamphetamine stimulates the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, it causes release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Dextroamphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Q01959	Humans	Known	The exact mechanism of action is not known. Dextroamphetamine stimulates the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, it causes release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Dextroamphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect.

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB01576

HMDB ID

HMDB0015516

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Nabenhauer, F.P.; US. Patent 2,276,508; March 17,1942; assigned to Smith, Kline & French
Laboratories.

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Yamada H, Baba T, Hirata Y, Oguri K, Yoshimura H: Studies on N-demethylation of methamphetamine by liver microsomes of guinea-pigs and rats: the role of flavin-containing mono-oxygenase and cytochrome P-450 systems. Xenobiotica. 1984 Nov;14(11):861-6. [PubMed: 6506758]
Warneke L: Psychostimulants in psychiatry. Can J Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;35(1):3-10. [PubMed: 2180548]
Wagner GJ, Rabkin R: Effects of dextroamphetamine on depression and fatigue in men with HIV: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;61(6):436-40. [PubMed: 10901342]
Martinsson L, Yang X, Beck O, Wahlgren NG, Eksborg S: Pharmacokinetics of dexamphetamine in acute stroke. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2003 Sep-Oct;26(5):270-6. [PubMed: 14520168]
Butefisch CM, Davis BC, Sawaki L, Waldvogel D, Classen J, Kopylev L, Cohen LG: Modulation of use-dependent plasticity by d-amphetamine. Ann Neurol. 2002 Jan;51(1):59-68. [PubMed: 11782985]
Greer CA, Alpern HP: Maturational changes related to dopamine in the effects of d-amphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, and strychnine on seizure susceptibility. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1979 Sep;64(3):255-60. [PubMed: 116267]
Lile JA, Stoops WW, Durell TM, Glaser PE, Rush CR: Discriminative-stimulus, self-reported, performance, and cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in methylphenidate-trained humans. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 May;14(2):136-47. [PubMed: 16756417]
Patel JB, Migler B: A sensitive and selective monkey conflict test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1982 Oct;17(4):645-9. [PubMed: 7178177]
Chiueh CC, Moore KE: D-amphetamine-induced release of "newly synthesized" and "stored" dopamine from the caudate nucleus in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1975 Mar;192(3):642-53. [PubMed: 1120962]
Glick SD, Cox RD, Greenstein S: Relationship of rats' spatial preferences to effects of d-amphetamine on timing behavior. Eur J Pharmacol. 1975 Aug;33(1):173-82. [PubMed: 1236804]
RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). - http://www.rxlist.com/

Dextroamphetamine (CED0004559)

Structure for CHEM002398: Dextroamphetamine

Structure