Clindamycin (CED0001376)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-30 17:58:48 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:58:36 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0001376

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM002511
T3D3497

Identification

Common Name

Clindamycin

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Clindamycin is an exogenous organic compound with the formula C18H33ClN2O5S and an average molecular weight of 424.98 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. Clindamycin belongs to the amino acids, peptides, and analogues, a subclass of carboxylic acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. This compound acts as an inhibitor of the large ribosomal subunit protein uL1 (rplA). It is identified as a semisynthetic lincosamide antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits. Depending on the drug concentration and the specific organism, clindamycin may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic. It has largely replaced lincomycin due to an improved side effect profile. Clindamycin is found in or released from five recorded sources, including drinking water and water supply, as well as pharmaceuticals and veterinary products such as antibiotics, gynecologicals, anti-acne preparations, and macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins. Recorded exposure routes for the compound include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, topical, vaginal, dental, and inhalation.

Contaminant Type

Amide
Amine
Anti-Bacterial Agent
Antibiotic
Drug
Ether
Lincomycin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Organochloride
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
7(S)-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin	ChEBI
7-CDL	ChEBI
Cleocin	ChEBI
Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-alpha-D-galacto-octopyranoside	ChEBI
CLDM	Kegg
Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-a-D-galacto-octopyranoside	Generator
Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6-(1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside	Generator
Clindamycin phosphate	HMDB
7 Chloro 7 deoxylincomycin	HMDB
Clindamycin monohydrochloride, monohydrate	HMDB
Hydrochloride, clindamycin	HMDB
Monohydrate clindamycin monohydrochloride	HMDB
7-Chloro-7-deoxylincomycin	HMDB
Chlolincocin	HMDB
Clindamycin hydrochloride	HMDB
Monohydrochloride, clindamycin	HMDB
Monohydrochloride, monohydrate clindamycin	HMDB
Chlorlincocin	HMDB
Clindamycin monohydrochloride	HMDB
Dalacin C	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₈H₃₃ClN₂O₅S

Average Molecular Mass

424.983 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

424.180 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

18323-44-9

IUPAC Name

(2S,4R)-N-{2-chloro-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylsulfanyl)oxan-2-yl]propyl}-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

Traditional Name

clindamycin

SMILES

CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C)C1)C(=O)NC(C(C)Cl)[C@H]1O[C@H](SC)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C18H33ClN2O5S/c1-5-6-10-7-11(21(3)8-10)17(25)20-12(9(2)19)16-14(23)13(22)15(24)18(26-16)27-4/h9-16,18,22-24H,5-8H2,1-4H3,(H,20,25)/t9?,10-,11+,12?,13+,14-,15-,16-,18-/m1/s1

InChI Key

KDLRVYVGXIQJDK-NOWPCOIGSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Proline and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Proline or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid amide
Glycosyl compound
S-glycosyl compound
Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
Pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
Monosaccharide
Oxane
N-alkylpyrrolidine
Monothioacetal
Pyrrolidine
Carboxamide group
Secondary alcohol
Secondary carboxylic acid amide
Tertiary amine
Tertiary aliphatic amine
Sulfenyl compound
Organoheterocyclic compound
Azacycle
Polyol
Oxacycle
Organic nitrogen compound
Organosulfur compound
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organochloride
Organohalogen compound
Alkyl chloride
Alcohol
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Amine
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Alkyl halide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

organochlorine compound (CHEBI:3745 )
pyrrolidinecarboxamide (CHEBI:3745 )
carbohydrate-containing antibiotic (CHEBI:3745 )
S-glycosyl compound (CHEBI:3745 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	142 [HCl salt]
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	30.6 mg/L

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	3.1 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	1.76	ALOGPS
logP	1.04	ChemAxon
logS	-2.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.16	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	7.55	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	102.26 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	7	ChemAxon
Refractivity	105.72 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	44.49 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-9834100000-dda83549a397e8777758	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-9821028000-cf121bc5f21859a54a2d	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0109100000-37670022935f2d8b670b	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0000900000-93a1722f96f472875c4a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0901200000-390e3523bed2d5f929e0	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-70466cfb7e0692d073a0	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-6bd03c57dadca1290f64	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-cd434c8b18380d1a324e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-2900000000-6c05f4179cb5bb39be52	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0000900000-94150d67f34bea64e6ad	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0901200000-8eaa211b21b0d6193e5e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-734d71b0a8760cca4fa1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-dcfb0de2ed3f9a132d0e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-19e29af7279013b527bc	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-2900000000-b410c4ec9eb02ede33ba	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0109100000-41472a595b36c3659456	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0901200000-3314779cf85f40a0e688	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0901200000-d615b9b4b52a5859a63c	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0000900000-93a1722f96f472875c4a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-b712dc39bbf605193fb4	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0109100000-9de33a60fefa24d80490	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0900000000-70466cfb7e0692d073a0	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0000900000-83eb12a1280fe31c6eb2	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0109100000-1f91ef342a1063005039	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00b9-0252900000-2254bf9c796a153450b9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-2940000000-1fdb89b36ba4c00702a9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-5900000000-3d2d9fcc4ca24ef1ed7e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0fka-9456300000-91a0536cf229efc7485e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000b-9312100000-7aa19239c8a21976d0de	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00kg-9610000000-4db0493cafa43fc79894	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-0100900000-7556aa353b5621e2fb78	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-004i-2713900000-57e90753349737a37804	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-092d-9401000000-5bcb3ed288bd0b79374e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-0003900000-11d9d113607a2067b82a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00ea-9233600000-f27e451018512d5b7fdb	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-9610100000-9f713cdf91f0b83df108	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
2302.0 Log mg/kg [1300:4100]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Systemic/vaginal clindamycin inhibits protein synthesis of bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits of the bacteria. Specifically, it binds primarily to the 23s RNA subunit. Topical clindamycin reduces free fatty acid concentrations on the skin and suppresses the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium acnes) , an anaerobe found in sebaceous glands and follicles.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Orally and parenterally administered clindamycin has been associated with severe colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) which may result in patient death. Use of the topical formulation of clindamycin results in absorption of the antibiotic from the skin surface. Diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and colitis (including pseudomembranous colitis) have been reported with the use of topical and systemic clindamycin.

Treatment

Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000115	Drinking water?Drinking water can be a medium for synthetic chemical contamination, often originating from various industrial processes and agricultural practices.	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
CEDs000306	Antibiotics?Antibiotics are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000314	Anti-acne preparations?Anti-acne preparations often contain synthetic chemicals such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and various retinoids.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000316	Gynecologicals?Gynecologicals encompass a range of synthetic chemicals used in the treatment of various women's health issues, including hormonal therapies, contraceptives, and antifungal agents.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
CEDs000343	Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins?Macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins are classes of antibiotics that are widely used in both human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections.	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available

Pathways

4 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Clindamycin Pathway

Clindamycin Action Pathway

Clindamycin Anti-Bacterial Action Pathway

Clindamycin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Peptide deformylase 1A, chloroplastic/mitochondrial	Q9FV53	Arabidopsis thaliana	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.209 Applicability Domain 0.209 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0066 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 51.6919
Click to view 3D structure	Neuraminidase	Q9IGQ6	Influenza A virus (strain A/Brevig Mission/1/1918 H1N1) (Influenza Avirus (strain A/South Carolina/1/1918 H1N1))	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.208 Applicability Domain 0.216 Low confidence Statistical Significance 5.60e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 4.35956
Click to view 3D structure	IgA-specific serine endopeptidase autotransporter	P09790	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.203 Applicability Domain 0.203 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0093 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 72.789
Click to view 3D structure	P-selectin	Q01102	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.2 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0042 Supporting Reference Compounds 3 E-value 32.3853
Click to view 3D structure	E-selectin	Q00690	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.2 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0042 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 32.3853
Click to view 3D structure	L-selectin	P18337	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.2 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0042 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 32.3853
Click to view 3D structure	Cathepsin B	P07858	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.198 Applicability Domain 0.221 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4138 Supporting Reference Compounds 173 E-value 3221.25
Click to view 3D structure	HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 3 chain	P79483	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.194 Applicability Domain 0.194 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0197 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 153.674
Click to view 3D structure	Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein	P38398	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.194 Applicability Domain 0.194 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0612 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 476.749
Click to view 3D structure	Neutrophil elastase	P08246	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.193 Applicability Domain 0.221 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.3061 Supporting Reference Compounds 81 E-value 2382.65
Click to view 3D structure	Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1	Q9NQW7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.192 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0781 Supporting Reference Compounds 13 E-value 607.847
Click to view 3D structure	Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2	Q99MA2	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.191 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0479 Supporting Reference Compounds 7 E-value 372.664
Click to view 3D structure	Calpain-1 catalytic subunit	P07384	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.19 Applicability Domain 0.203 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.1797 Supporting Reference Compounds 47 E-value 1398.64
Click to view 3D structure	Interstitial collagenase	P03956	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.188 Applicability Domain 0.209 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.6536 Supporting Reference Compounds 258 E-value 5088.54
Click to view 3D structure	Fibroblast growth factor 14	Q92915	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.188 Applicability Domain 0.188 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0185 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 143.943
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P33535	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.187 Applicability Domain 0.194 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4207 Supporting Reference Compounds 229 E-value 3274.88
Click to view 3D structure	Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2	O43895	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.187 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.042 Supporting Reference Compounds 7 E-value 327.2
Click to view 3D structure	Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16	Q9Z0W1	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.187 Applicability Domain 0.187 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0154 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 120.277
Click to view 3D structure	72 kDa type IV collagenase	P08253	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.186 Applicability Domain 0.209 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.7616 Supporting Reference Compounds 400 E-value 5929.0
Click to view 3D structure	Stromelysin-1	P08254	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.186 Applicability Domain 0.209 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.613 Supporting Reference Compounds 200 E-value 4772.0
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Q9JHI3	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.186 Applicability Domain 0.193 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0048 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 37.5233
Click to view 3D structure	Xaa-Pro dipeptidase	P12955	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.184 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0792 Supporting Reference Compounds 15 E-value 616.488
Click to view 3D structure	Delta-type opioid receptor	P32300	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.183 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.3384 Supporting Reference Compounds 166 E-value 2634.73
Click to view 3D structure	Procathepsin L	P07711	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.182 Applicability Domain 0.203 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.6323 Supporting Reference Compounds 167 E-value 4922.48
Click to view 3D structure	Collagenase 3	P45452	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.182 Applicability Domain 0.19 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.7502 Supporting Reference Compounds 269 E-value 5840.09

Concentrations

Status	Value	Unit	Sample Location	Reference
Detected and Quantified	110	ng/L	Bioggio,Lugano	24417318
Detected and Quantified	130	ng/L	Bussigny-prés-Lausanne	24417318
Detected and Quantified	160	ng/L	Thal,Altenrhein	24417318
Detected and Quantified	98	ng/L	Uetendorf,Thun	24417318
Detected and Quantified	140	ng/L	Vernier,Aïre	24417318
Detected and Quantified	160	ng/L	Winterthur	24417318
Detected and Quantified	150	ng/L	Werdhölzli,Zürich	24417318
Detected and Quantified	140	ng/L	Schönau,Zug	24417318
Detected and Quantified	150	ng/L	Affoltern,Zwillikon	24417318

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB01190

HMDB ID

HMDB0015321

FooDB ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Donald E. Ayer, Carl A. Schlagel, Gordon L. Flynn, “Topical clindamycin preparations.” U.S. Patent US4018918, issued January, 1971.

MSDS

Link

General References

Daum RS: Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jul 26;357(4):380-90. [PubMed: 17652653]
Klempner MS, Styrt B: Clindamycin uptake by human neutrophils. J Infect Dis. 1981 Nov;144(5):472-9. [PubMed: 6171600]
Lamont RF: Can antibiotics prevent preterm birth--the pro and con debate. BJOG. 2005 Mar;112 Suppl 1:67-73. [PubMed: 15715599]
Plaisance KI, Drusano GL, Forrest A, Townsend RJ, Standiford HC: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of two dosage regimens of clindamycin phosphate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989 May;33(5):618-20. [PubMed: 2751277]
Drugs.com - http://www.drugs.com/cons/Clindamycin.html

Clindamycin (CED0001376)

Structure for CHEM002511: Clindamycin

Structure