1,1-Dimethylbiguanide (CED0000803)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2009-07-30 17:59:02 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:35:41 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM002525

Identification

Common Name

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide

Class

Small Molecule

Description

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide belongs to the guanidines, a subclass of organonitrogen compounds within the organic compounds. This exogenous solid has the formula C4H11N5 and an average molecular weight of 129.16 g/mol. It is identified as a drug (PMC4329414, PMC6130437), agonist (PMC7136780), antimalarial (PMC7012204), and hypoglycemic agent. The compound is recorded in sources including blood glucose lowering drugs, food preservation, and various household and electronic products, with oral exposure being the recorded route. It has been detected in the liver, muscle, skeletal muscle, and erythrocytes. As an antihyperglycemic agent, it decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Its protein targets include 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 (PRKAB1) and the proteins DPP4, ETFDH, SLC22A1, and SLC22A2, among others. 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide is used as a treatment for diabetes mellitus (PMC13163680), type 2 diabetes mellitus (PMC3539408), gestational diabetes (PMC3959776), obesity (PMC11505606), polycystic ovary syndrome (PMC10819319, PMC3959776, PMC4329414), cancer (PMC10819319, PMC6678564, PMC9563310), melanoma (PMC6385607), abortion (PMC13409969), and symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stool (PMC9453768). Therapeutic effects have been noted for depression (PMC6721393, PMC7765295), anxiety (PMC6721393), pain (PMC12684957), hepatic steatosis (PMC4210865), and various cancers, including liver cancer (PMC10674350, PMC5584165), hepatocellular carcinoma (PMC5584165), prostate cancer (PMC5847527), ovarian cancer (PMC6678564), and melanoma (PMC5584165). Associated health effects include fever, anemia, and diarrhea (PMC13040807), as well as diarrhea (PMC12016791) and an increase in lactic acidosis (PMC12453945).

Contaminant Type

Amide
Amine
Antidiabetic Agent
Drug
Food Toxin
Hypoglycemic Agent
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Dimethylbiguanide	ChEBI
Dimethyldiguanide	ChEBI
LA 6023	ChEBI
LA-6023	ChEBI
Metformina	ChEBI
Metformine	ChEBI
Metforminum	ChEBI
N,N-Dimethylbiguanide	ChEBI
N,N-Dimethyldiguanide	ChEBI
N,N-Dimethylguanylguanidine	ChEBI
N,N-Dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide	ChEBI
N(1),N(1)-Dimethylbiguanide	ChEBI
1,1-Dimethyl biguanide	HMDB
Diabefagos	HMDB
Diabex	HMDB
Diaformin	HMDB
Dianben	HMDB
DMBG	HMDB
Fortamet	HMDB
Glucophage	HMDB, MeSH
Glumetza	HMDB
Meguan	HMDB
Metformin	HMDB
Metiguanide	HMDB
N1,N1-Dimethylbiguanide	HMDB
Obimet	HMDB
Riomet	HMDB
Dimethylbiguanidine	MeSH, HMDB
Dimethylguanylguanidine	MeSH, HMDB
Metformin HCL	MeSH, HMDB
HCL, Metformin	MeSH, HMDB
Hydrochloride, metformin	MeSH, HMDB
Metformin hydrochloride	MeSH, HMDB
1,1-Dimethylbiguanide	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₄H₁₁N₅

Average Molecular Mass

129.164 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

129.101 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

657-24-9

IUPAC Name

1-carbamimidamido-N,N-dimethylmethanimidamide

Traditional Name

metformin

SMILES

CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C4H11N5/c1-9(2)4(7)8-3(5)6/h1-2H3,(H5,5,6,7,8)

InChI Key

XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biguanides. These are organic compounds containing two N-linked guanidines.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic nitrogen compounds

Class

Organonitrogen compounds

Sub Class

Guanidines

Direct Parent

Biguanides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Biguanide
Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
Carboximidamide
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Imine
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

guanidines (CHEBI:6801 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Erythrocyte
Liver
Muscle
Skeletal Muscle

Applications

hypoglycemic agent

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	223-226°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Freely soluble as HCl salt

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	1.38 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.8	ALOGPS
logP	-0.92	ChemAxon
logS	-2	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	12.33	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	88.99 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	56.64 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	13.43 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9100000000-4cf43a0a5a8d4db19a46	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-9046e2aa0408a0396007	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-01qi-9700000000-a6b98d87cc840a082179	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-9000000000-8e80f301bad045540477	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-bd8aed328c944acd1270	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03l9-9300000000-3d585674ffe84238e5bf	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-ee68820579ebe4d31082	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-4312e7e5e1b0dd9ef936	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-053d63fe09a95fc1d544	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0229-9100000000-7fe999a9d1aaae3bbe53	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-c235cd5d0dda3f3c28d9	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-0fa445716bfc24131a75	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-3900000000-dee37da326e6f0b2c56a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-45bd1f8c6d2dc4f38944	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-1900000000-38f3dedb5c19900cdefb	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-7900000000-bf5d1092aa372c303d61	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03l9-9300000000-06a99f0dff4b41a23cfa	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-022i-9100000000-811c9e7cf8b30b27c0f2	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-d34b9b3ab9eb78317eba	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-4d53ac0f7dfaf860e784	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-1900000000-4b3dd439b62cfa2341b0	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-6900000000-c595d8e83955ee66df73	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03l9-9300000000-1feb1004b70a7c1f7679	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-022i-9100000000-588dd4672e983d25189b	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-fdc1342fbdd0301080c8	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-3900000000-f3959910a3d1ce1d1379	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03e9-9400000000-8fb5bd0de13e43cd9f9d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0229-9000000000-c5ee1ab43a4feb174be3	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-05fu-9000000000-47265a863ca46a89f907	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-bd8aed328c944acd1270	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03l9-9300000000-3731f8e1b241c81f11e7	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-ee68820579ebe4d31082	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-4312e7e5e1b0dd9ef936	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-a112b8bb95bd75e1ce02	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-008i-8900000000-043e7607037d942cc570	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-9100000000-def4e48e0953ae8f3442	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9100000000-2d692211680a93c2054e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9100000000-49305dce40b0f4453fc4	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03e9-9400000000-f625291fda51aa198464	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-022i-9100000000-8fc599f11461dbafde2e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03l9-9300000000-1feb1004b70a7c1f7679	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-0e1a2cc97a5f5374e737	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-9100000000-def4e48e0953ae8f3442	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0229-9100000000-50de40afb5328d2252a0	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-3900000000-157d604acfc99d303425	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-6900000000-ba8a3146bf3f64b38cc5	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-1900000000-38f3dedb5c19900cdefb	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-3900000000-5e90b5dea5a160737b5a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-1900000000-704a3e5966761119442e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-022i-9100000000-453c8502ced0a386220e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-1ece784e3c705ee7ab7b	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-c235cd5d0dda3f3c28d9	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-0900000000-0fa445716bfc24131a75	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0229-9000000000-c5ee1ab43a4feb174be3	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03e9-9400000000-a3d5cc4fdc1b2a337c12	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9100000000-49305dce40b0f4453fc4	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03e9-9400000000-8fb5bd0de13e43cd9f9d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-05fu-9000000000-47265a863ca46a89f907	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0229-9000000000-70ef7b53153b527eb99c	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-7900000000-49e2793bbab368353cc5	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03l9-9300000000-06a99f0dff4b41a23cfa	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9100000000-2d692211680a93c2054e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-008i-8900000000-043e7607037d942cc570	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-6900000000-03a99ea4f96636a6d5e2	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0079-9000000000-24ee057ec9505ccf8d3d	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0229-9000000000-bc7faff99aaa83f5e600	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9300000000-e145cf58ec0f6be503ab	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9100000000-0cc6d6ceac8192964ee4	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-f47eab8fa0fd4177cfdd	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-444f347e7dd8bf131d18	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-fb82644149dbc39943af	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-d909808c3c4b4f8913fb	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-01qi-9500000000-930c2e63834e6a058d1e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-a453a07ddf639f35bc8a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dl-9000000000-770d3b0cfe6e636ea99a	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

Metformin's mechanisms of action differ from other classes of oral antihyperglycemic agents. Metformin decreases blood glucose levels by decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose, and improving insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. These effects are mediated by the initial activation by metformin of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a liver enzyme that plays an important role in insulin signaling, whole body energy balance, and the metabolism of glucose and fats. Activation of AMPK is required for metformin's inhibitory effect on the production of glucose by liver cells. Increased peripheral utilization of glucose may be due to improved insulin binding to insulin receptors. Metformin administration also increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle. AMPK is known to cause GLUT4 deployment to the plasma membrane, resulting in insulin-independent glucose uptake. The rare side effect, lactic acidosis, is thought to be caused by decreased liver uptake of serum lactate, one of the substrates of gluconeogenesis. In those with healthy renal function, the slight excess is simply cleared. However, those with severe renal impairment may accumulate clinically significant serum lactic acid levels. Other conditions that may precipitate lactic acidosis include severe hepatic disease and acute/decompensated heart failure. Acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀): 350 mg/kg [Rabbit].

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀): 350 mg/kg [Rabbit]. It would be expected that adverse reactions of a more intense character including epigastric discomfort, nausea, and vomiting followed by diarrhea, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, malaise and headache might be seen.

Treatment

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Unit	Value Range	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Reference
910.0	Log mg/kg	[510:1600]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference
cancer	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC11505606 , PMC13457829
cancer	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC10819319 , PMC6678564 , PMC9563310
dementia	associated_with	increase	PMC6004937
anemia	associated_with	Not Available	PMC13040807
type 2 diabetes mellitus	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC11654954 , PMC3539408
abortion	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC13409969
gestational diabetes	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC3959776
polycystic ovary syndrome	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC10819319 , PMC3959776 , PMC4329414
polycystic ovary syndrome	decreased_in_blood_in	decrease	PMC11494684
diabetes mellitus	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC13163680
diarrhea	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12016791 , PMC13040807
diarrhea	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC9453768
fever	associated_with	Not Available	PMC13040807
pain	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC12684957
Prostate cancer	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC5847527
melanoma	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC5584165
melanoma	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC6385607
Hepatocellular carcinoma	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC5584165
liver cancer	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC10674350 , PMC5584165 , PMC5584165
leukemia	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC8231882
anxiety	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC6721393
depression	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC6721393 , PMC7765295
abdominal pain	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC9453768
obesity	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC11505606
cardiomyopathy	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC11942266
nausea	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12016791
heart failure	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC8684205
ovarian cancer	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC6678564
hepatic steatosis	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC4210865
lactic acidosis	associated_with	increase	PMC12453945
bloody stool	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC9453768
colitis	is_treatment_for	Not Available	PMC13281922
vitamin B12 deficiency	associated_with	Not Available	PMC12016791
anovulation	has_therapeutic_effect_on	Not Available	PMC12465827

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
233	Brushes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
263	Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
505	Amplifiers	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
506	Antennas	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
519	Electrodes	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
524	Hybrid Capacitors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
527	Magnets	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
537	Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
539	Video Games	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
545	Food Preservation	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
555	Bleaching Agents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
556	Cigar Cigarettes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
560	Other Smoking Requisites	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
563	Soap Detergents	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
569	Tobacco Smoke Filters	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
610	Aftersun Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
615	Eye Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
618	Lip Makeup Products	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
632	Apparel	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
658	Touch Fasteners	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available

Pathways

1 pathway

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide Drug Metabolism Pathway

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	P48029	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	0.544945
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2	P48763	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	0.934191
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2	P50482	Oryctolagus cuniculus	Predicted (SEA)	1.32344
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1	P26431	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	2.10193
Click to view 3D structure	Deoxyhypusine synthase	Q9GSW0	Plasmodium falciparum	Predicted (SEA)	11.9109
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1	P23791	Oryctolagus cuniculus	Predicted (SEA)	1.63483
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger	Q9W6Q1	Amphiuma tridactylum	Predicted (SEA)	1.63483
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1	P19634	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	150.015
Click to view 3D structure	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator	P00749	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2421.42
Click to view 3D structure	Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase	Q46822	Escherichia coli (strain K12)	Predicted (SEA)	6.61718
Click to view 3D structure	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	P35228	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	416.338
Click to view 3D structure	Polyamine oxidase 1	O64411	Zea mays	Predicted (SEA)	11.7552
Click to view 3D structure	Deoxyhypusine synthase	Q6AY53	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	11.5995
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 5	Q14940	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	11.0546
Click to view 3D structure	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	P29477	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	1115.42
Click to view 3D structure	Prothrombin	P00734	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	5860.72
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	P08913	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	6768.21
Click to view 3D structure	S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme	P17708	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	6.22794
Click to view 3D structure	Diamine oxidase [copper-containing]	P36633	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	6.22794
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier family 22 member 3	O75751	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	127.361
Click to view 3D structure	Urokinase-type plasminogen activator	P06869	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	238.919
Click to view 3D structure	Diamine oxidase [copper-containing]	P19801	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	45.5418
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	P28223	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	7423.0
Click to view 3D structure	Nitric oxide synthase 1	P29475	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2176.12
Click to view 3D structure	Nitric oxide synthase 1	P29476	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	1404.01
Click to view 3D structure	5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1	Q9Y478	Humans	Known	Metformin's pharmacologic mechanisms of action are different from other classes of oral antihyperglycemic agents. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Click to view 3D structure	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	P27487	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	O15245	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier family 22 member 2	O15244	Humans	Known	Not Available

Concentrations

Status	Value	Unit	Sample Location	Reference

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00331

HMDB ID

HMDB0001921

FooDB ID

FDB022739

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

METLIN ID

6390

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Jorn Moeckel, Rolf-Dieter Gabel, Heinrich Woog, “Pharmaceutical preparation containing metformin and a process for producing it.” U.S. Patent US5955106, issued October, 1991.

MSDS

Link

General References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10900588

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10983737

3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10999803

4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11012555

5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11126815

6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11192132

7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11257323

8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11544610

9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11772907