Cotinine (CED0002154)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-08-29 04:47:10 UTC
Update Date2026-03-31 18:51:03 UTC
SynCED IDCED0002154
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • CHEM002916
  • T3D3956
Identification
Common NameCotinine
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Cotinine belongs to the pyrrolidinylpyridines, a subclass of pyridines and derivatives within the organic compounds. This endogenous solid has the chemical formula $\text{C}_{10}\text{H}_{12}\text{N}_2\text{O}$ and an average molecular weight of 176.22 g/mol. It functions as an antidepressant and is utilized as a biomarker. Within the body, it targets the neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 (CHRNA7). The compound is detected in various tissues, including the brain, liver, kidney, placenta, platelet, hair, testes, cervical, and adipose tissue. In most mammalian species, cotinine is the most important metabolite of nicotine, with approximately 70 to 80% of nicotine being converted to cotinine in humans. This process occurs in two steps: first, a cytochrome P450 system (primarily CYP2B6 and CYP2A6) produces a nicotine iminium ion, which is then catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase (AOX). Most reported urinary metabolites of nicotine are derived from cotinine. Cotinine is found in 28 recorded sources across multiple sectors. These include household cleaning and consumer products such as cigar cigarettes, tobacco pipes, pipe accessories, non electric simulated smoking devices, and other smoking requisites. It is also detected in electrical and electronic equipment, including batteries, capacitors, cell phones, printed circuit boards, and wires and cables. Other sources include medical devices, drinking water, food preservation, food packaging, synthetic textiles, and carpets and rugs. Exposure to the compound occurs through oral, inhalation, and touch routes.
Contaminant Type
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Animal Toxin
  • Food Toxin
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Mammal Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • PFAS
  • Phytotoxin
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
Cotinine(15% OF the dose)HMDB
(-)-CotinineHMDB
(S)-(-)-CotinineHMDB
(S)-CotinineHMDB
CotininaHMDB
CotininumHMDB
S-(-)-CotinineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC10H12N2O
Average Molecular Mass176.215 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass176.095 g/mol
CAS Registry Number486-56-6
IUPAC Name1-methyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one
Traditional Name(-)-cotinine
SMILESCN1C(CCC1=O)C1=CN=CC=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C10H12N2O/c1-12-9(4-5-10(12)13)8-3-2-6-11-7-8/h2-3,6-7,9H,4-5H2,1H3
InChI KeyUIKROCXWUNQSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidinylpyridines. Pyrrolidinylpyridines are compounds containing a pyrrolidinylpyridine ring system, which consists of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPyridines and derivatives
Sub ClassPyrrolidinylpyridines
Direct ParentPyrrolidinylpyridines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrrolidinylpyridine
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Pyrrolidone
  • 2-pyrrolidone
  • N-alkylpyrrolidine
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Lactam
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Azacycle
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Brain
  • Cervical
  • Hair
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Testes
Applications
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point41°C
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility117 g/LALOGPS
logP0.39ALOGPS
logP0.21ChemAxon
logS-0.18ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.79ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area33.2 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity49.28 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability18.57 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9500000000-f031a7d223ea527c7a80Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-61e8e1349a9d42866260Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9500000000-f031a7d223ea527c7a80Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-61e8e1349a9d42866260Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0gdl-6900000000-7eb4053aab6127e95391Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-2900000000-7f61a2f6f72860e4c6e1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9100000000-3a5b30b90a390122b868Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-b82772b6f28d39966cd1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-9500000000-e8a00bc1cf980c18ed06Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-61e8e1349a9d42866260Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-16fb662f236943b7061eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-bb6734f53ed607f8551fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-3900000000-b7fe72bb7584aa19a736Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-2900000000-bb9334268373122b4f81Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-bb6734f53ed607f8551fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-3900000000-617e9ef99f5ff220e7f9Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-3900000000-1ad4398aa27830eabbbdNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-3210604d5a8368e435a0Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-785e2933ae8dc3d4b297Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9000000000-4be8a9d2dee773690bd3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001j-9100000000-8081f3e6f95787810baaNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-a4a59884dbcf842f195aNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-1900000000-0cfe8e8d340c82c8fd11Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0k9y-9500000000-e18e0cea3d758c6ff768Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-6fcf3e50bea7e8c25008Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-dad0516bb0862355ae61Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05r4-9700000000-36486e0d1769fb592c7aNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-55ef895c84a338046abaNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-1900000000-72acff4eea7467f91613Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9800000000-8b60e7a4fd9931166f14Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-2e231756ffd7c0f33bbeNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-3900000000-56cf36c91bbe0f9b8810Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-7871e6cfcf02e2417f9fNot AvailableView Spectrum
MSMS Spectrumsplash10-002b-9600000000-0cc3afdaebb529092e24Not AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, H2O, experimental)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalToxicity RatingReference
584.0 Log mg/kg [330:1000]RatLD50oralpredictedNot AvailableNot Available
Toxicity / Toxin ClassNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionDescriptionReference
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
CEDs000007Pesticides?Pesticides are synthetic chemicals designed to prevent, destroy, or control pests that threaten crops and agricultural productivity.Agriculture & land managementNot Available
CEDs000010Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000115Drinking water?Drinking water can be a medium for synthetic chemical contamination, often originating from various industrial processes and agricultural practices.Drinking water & water supplyNot Available
CEDs000120Wires and cables?Wires and cables are integral components in the transmission of electrical power and signals.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
CEDs000121Printed circuit boards?Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential components in the manufacturing of electronic devices, serving as the backbone for electrical connections and circuit pathways.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
CEDs000125Batteries?Batteries are devices that store and release electrical energy through electrochemical reactions.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
CEDs000130Semiconductors?Semiconductors are materials that possess electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators, making them essential for various electronic applications, including transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
CEDs000138Lubricants?Lubricants are synthetic or petroleum-derived substances used to reduce friction between surfaces in machinery and equipment, enhancing operational efficiency and longevity.Energy, oil & gasNot Available
CEDs000147Food packaging?Food packaging often utilizes synthetic chemicals, such as plastics and coatings, to enhance durability, moisture resistance, and shelf life.Food, food processing & cookwareNot Available
CEDs000174Lubricants?Lubricants are synthetic or petroleum-based substances used to reduce friction and wear between moving parts in machinery and equipment.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
CEDs000234Medical devices?Medical devices often incorporate synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing processes, which can contribute to contamination in healthcare settings.Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
CEDs000451Carpets and Rugs?Carpets and rugs are commonly manufactured using synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester, and polypropylene, which can be derived from petrochemical sources.Textiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
CEDs000454Synthetic textiles?Synthetic textiles are materials derived from man-made fibers, such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic, which are produced through chemical processes involving petrochemicals.Textiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
CEDs000490Personal care & cosmeticsNot Available
CEDs000492Cell phones?Cell phones contain a variety of synthetic chemicals and materials, including plastics, metals, and glass, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
CEDs000493Capacitors?Capacitors are electronic components that store and release electrical energy, often using dielectric materials that can include synthetic chemicals.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
CEDs000511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000518Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000519Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000521Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000524Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000545Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000556Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000559Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000560Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000562Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000566Tobacco Pipes?Tobacco pipes, often made from materials such as plastic, wood, or metal, can serve as sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the residues left by tobacco products.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000567Tobacco Product Cases?Tobacco product cases can serve as a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and chemicals used in tobacco processing and product manufacturing.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000568Tobacco Product Moisture Control?Tobacco product moisture control involves the use of synthetic chemicals to manage the humidity levels in tobacco products, aiming to preserve flavor and extend shelf life.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000569Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000578Making Cigars?The process of making cigars involves several steps, including the cultivation of tobacco, fermentation, and the application of various additives to enhance flavor and preservation.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000596Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000598Fertiliser Distributors?Fertiliser distributors play a critical role in the supply of synthetic fertilizers, which are widely used to enhance soil fertility and crop yield.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000600Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000603Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000604Pest Attractants?Pest attractants are synthetic chemicals designed to lure specific pests for monitoring or control purposes.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000605Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000606Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000614Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000615Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000618Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000632Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000662Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000685Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000696Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000727Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000734Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000735Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.Defense & military infrastructurePubChem
CEDs000739Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000740Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000741Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000744Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
Pathways
3 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Click to view 3D structureLycopene beta-cyclaseP21687Pantoea ananasPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.55
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
1.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
0.0778492
Click to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9P43144Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.375
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
1.00e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
2
E-value
0.778492
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 structureClick to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7P36544HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.361
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
0.0024
Supporting Reference Compounds
77
E-value
18.606
Click to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7Q05941Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.338
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
0.0012
Supporting Reference Compounds
55
E-value
9.26406
Click to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4P12392Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.33
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
3.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
3
E-value
0.233548
Cytochrome P450 2A6 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2A6P11509HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.324
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
7.40e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
68
E-value
5.76084
Cytochrome P450 1A2 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 1A2P05177HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.309
Applicability Domain
0.38
Statistical Significance
0.0565
Supporting Reference Compounds
793
E-value
440.004
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrialP15538HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.306
Applicability Domain
0.38
Statistical Significance
0.0029
Supporting Reference Compounds
66
E-value
22.4206
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrialP19099HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.306
Applicability Domain
0.38
Statistical Significance
0.003
Supporting Reference Compounds
62
E-value
23.1991
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase structureClick to view 3D structureSteroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyaseP05093HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.304
Applicability Domain
0.38
Statistical Significance
0.0024
Supporting Reference Compounds
69
E-value
18.5281
Acetylcholine-binding protein structureClick to view 3D structureAcetylcholine-binding proteinP58154Lymnaea stagnalisPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.3
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
8.60e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
20
E-value
6.69503
Aromatase structureClick to view 3D structureAromataseP11511HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.299
Applicability Domain
0.38
Statistical Significance
0.0089
Supporting Reference Compounds
127
E-value
69.3637
Click to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7P49582Mus musculusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.29
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
2.50e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
8
E-value
1.94623
Click to view 3D structureNicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 5 subunitA9XFY4Musca domesticaPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.289
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
8.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
10
E-value
0.622794
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureSigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Q99720HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.285
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
0.0851
Supporting Reference Compounds
562
E-value
662.185
Click to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2P12389Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.285
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
1.10e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
4
E-value
0.856341
Cytochrome P450 3A4 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 3A4P08684HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.282
Applicability Domain
0.298 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.2638
Supporting Reference Compounds
1538
E-value
2053.35
Cytochrome P450 2D6 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2D6P10635HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.275
Applicability Domain
0.292 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.2248
Supporting Reference Compounds
1130
E-value
1749.74
Click to view 3D structureSialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 9Q9Y336HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.274
Applicability Domain
0.274 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.0021
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
16.7376
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AP28223HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.272
Applicability Domain
0.306
Statistical Significance
0.1597
Supporting Reference Compounds
955
E-value
1243.56
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CP28335HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.272
Applicability Domain
0.306
Statistical Significance
0.1439
Supporting Reference Compounds
823
E-value
1120.25
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 structureClick to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3P32297HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.27
Applicability Domain
0.55
Statistical Significance
2.50e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
13
E-value
1.94623
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 structureClick to view 3D structureMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2P08172HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.268
Applicability Domain
0.326
Statistical Significance
0.0751
Supporting Reference Compounds
373
E-value
584.492
Click to view 3D structureRalA-binding protein 1Q62172Mus musculusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.267
Applicability Domain
0.267 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.0015
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
11.9888
Cytochrome P450 2C9 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2C9P11712HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.264
Applicability Domain
0.288 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
0.3647
Supporting Reference Compounds
1245
E-value
2839.01
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 structureClick to view 3D structureNeuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7P36544HumansKnownNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0001046
FooDB IDFDB004716
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00034470
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID1531
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCotinine
Chemspider ID395
ChEBI ID127762
PubChem Compound ID408
Kegg Compound IDNot Available
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceRolf, David; Goon, David J. W.; Michelson, Robert H. Preparation of cotinine by reacting nicotine with bromide and bromate. U.S. (1997), 5 pp.
MSDSLink
General References
  1. Bentley MC, Abrar M, Kelk M, Cook J, Phillips K: Validation of an assay for the determination of cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine in human saliva using automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 Feb 19;723(1-2):185-94. [PubMed: 10080645]
  2. Urakawa N, Nagata T, Kudo K, Kimura K, Imamura T: Simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in various human tissues using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Int J Legal Med. 1994;106(5):232-6. [PubMed: 8068568]
  3. Poppe WA, Peeters R, Drijkoningen M, Ide PS, Daenens P, Lauweryns JM, Van Assche FA: Cervical cotinine and macrophage-Langerhans cell density in the normal human uterine cervix. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1996;41(4):253-9. [PubMed: 8793496]
  4. Jacqz-Aigrain E, Zhang D, Maillard G, Luton D, Andre J, Oury JF: Maternal smoking during pregnancy and nicotine and cotinine concentrations in maternal and neonatal hair. BJOG. 2002 Aug;109(8):909-11. [PubMed: 12197371]
  5. Gwent SH, Wilson JF, Tsanaclis LM, Wicks JF: Time course of appearance of cotinine in human beard hair after a single dose of nicotine. Ther Drug Monit. 1995 Apr;17(2):195-8. [PubMed: 7624910]
  6. Dobek D, Karmowski A, Sobiech KA, Terpilowski L, Mis-Michalek M: Average quantitative concentration of cotinine within the system pregnant woman-baby. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1998;46(1):59-61. [PubMed: 9510948]
  7. Torano JS, van Kan HJ: Simultaneous determination of the tobacco smoke uptake parameters nicotine, cotinine and thiocyanate in urine, saliva and hair, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for characterisation of smoking status of recently exposed subjects. Analyst. 2003 Jul;128(7):838-43. [PubMed: 12894819]
  8. Knight JM, Eliopoulos C, Klein J, Greenwald M, Koren G: Passive smoking in children. Racial differences in systemic exposure to cotinine by hair and urine analysis. Chest. 1996 Feb;109(2):446-50. [PubMed: 8620720]
  9. Hatsukami DK, Jensen J, Brauer LH, Mooney M, Schulte S, Sofuoglu M, Pentel PR: Lack of effect of 5HT3 antagonist in mediating subjective and behavioral responses to cotinine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003 Apr;75(1):1-7. [PubMed: 12759107]
  10. Laskowska-Klita T, Chelchowska M, Leibschang J: [Concentrations of cotinine in serum and urine of smoking pregnant women and in placenta and umbilical cord blood]. Przegl Lek. 2005;62(10):1007-9. [PubMed: 16521941]
  11. Nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco. Lancet. 1975 Mar 1;1(7905):478-80. [PubMed: 46956]
  12. Tutka P, Wielosz M, Zatonski W: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and children health. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2002;15(4):325-35. [PubMed: 12608620]
  13. Paszkowski T: [Concentration gradient of cotinine between blood serum and preovulatory follicular fluid]. Ginekol Pol. 1998 Dec;69(12):1131-6. [PubMed: 10224789]
  14. Poppe WA, Peeters R, Daenens P, Ide PS, Van Assche FA: Tobacco smoking and the uterine cervix: cotinine in blood, urine and cervical fluid. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1995;39(2):110-4. [PubMed: 7737579]
  15. Istvan JA, Lee WW, Buist AS, Connett JE: Relation of salivary cotinine to blood pressure in middle-aged cigarette smokers. Am Heart J. 1999 May;137(5):928-31. [PubMed: 10220643]
  16. Nafstad P, Botten G, Hagen JA, Zahlsen K, Nilsen OG, Silsand T, Kongerud J: Comparison of three methods for estimating environmental tobacco smoke exposure among children aged between 12 and 36 months. Int J Epidemiol. 1995 Feb;24(1):88-94. [PubMed: 7797361]
  17. Eliopoulos C, Klein J, Chitayat D, Greenwald M, Koren G: Nicotine and cotinine in maternal and neonatal hair as markers of gestational smoking. Clin Invest Med. 1996 Aug;19(4):231-42. [PubMed: 8853571]
  18. Eliopoulos C, Klein J, Koren G: Validation of self-reported smoking by analysis of hair for nicotine and cotinine. Ther Drug Monit. 1996 Oct;18(5):532-6. [PubMed: 8885115]
  19. Wilson SE, Kahn RS, Khoury J, Lanphear BP: Racial differences in exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among children. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Mar;113(3):362-7. [PubMed: 15743729]
  20. Kintz P: Gas chromatographic analysis of nicotine and cotinine in hair. J Chromatogr. 1992 Sep 16;580(1-2):347-53. [PubMed: 1400830]