Adenosine (CHEM003235)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-08-29 06:11:54 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 16:44:49 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003235
Identification
Common NameAdenosine
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent.
Contaminant Sources
  • Cosmetic Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Feces
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
  • STOFF IDENT Compounds
  • T3DB toxins
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant Type
  • Amine
  • Analgesic
  • Animal Toxin
  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agent
  • Cardiovascular Agent
  • Drug
  • Ether
  • Food Toxin
  • Human Neurotoxin
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Vasodilator Agent
Chemical Structure
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diolChEBI
6-Amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purineChEBI
9-beta-D-RibofuranosidoadenineChEBI
9-beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amineChEBI
Ade-ribChEBI
Adenine deoxyribonucleosideChEBI
AdenocardChEBI
AdenocorChEBI
AdenoscanChEBI
AdenosinChEBI
AdenyldeoxyribosideChEBI
AdoChEBI
beta-D-AdenosineChEBI
DeoxyadenosineChEBI
DesoxyadenosineChEBI
6-Amino-9-b-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purineGenerator
6-Amino-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purineGenerator
9-b-D-RibofuranosidoadenineGenerator
9-Β-D-ribofuranosidoadenineGenerator
9-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amineGenerator
9-Β-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amineGenerator
b-D-AdenosineGenerator
Β-D-adenosineGenerator
1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranoseHMDB
1-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-delta-ribofuranoseHMDB
6-Amino-9beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purineHMDB
6-Amino-9beta-delta-ribofuranosyl-9H-purineHMDB
9-beta-D-ArabinofuranosyladenineHMDB
9-beta-D-RibofuranosyladenineHMDB
9-beta-delta-ArabinofuranosyladenineHMDB
9-beta-delta-RibofuranosidoadenineHMDB
9-beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amineHMDB
9-beta-delta-RibofuranosyladenineHMDB
9beta-D-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amineHMDB
9beta-D-RibofuranosyladenineHMDB
9beta-delta-Ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-amineHMDB
9beta-delta-RibofuranosyladenineHMDB
Adenine nucleosideHMDB
Adenine ribosideHMDB
Adenine-9beta-D-ribofuranosideHMDB
Adenine-9beta-delta-ribofuranosideHMDB
beta-AdenosineHMDB
beta-delta-AdenosineHMDB
BonitonHMDB
MyocolHMDB
NucleocardylHMDB
SandesinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC10H13N5O4
Average Molecular Mass267.241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass267.097 g/mol
CAS Registry Number58-61-7
IUPAC Name(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
Traditional Nameadenosine
SMILESNC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
InChI KeyOIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassPurine nucleosides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPurine nucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Purine nucleoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Purine
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Monosaccharide
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Pyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Primary alcohol
  • Primary amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Lysosome
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • All Tissues
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Purine MetabolismSMP00050 map00230
Adenosine Deaminase DeficiencySMP00144 Not Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point235.5°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility8230 mg/L
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility14 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.2ALOGPS
logP-2.1ChemAxon
logS-1.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.45ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.92ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area139.54 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity63.2 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability25.28 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityAdenosine slows conduction time through the AV node and can interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node, resulting in the restoration of normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. This effect may be mediated through the drug's activation of cell-surface A1 and A2 adenosine receptors. Adenosine also inhibits the slow inward calcium current and activation of adenylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells, thereby causing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. By increasing blood flow in normal coronary arteries with little or no increase in stenotic arteries (with little to no increase in stenotic arteries), adenosine produces a relative difference in thallous (thallium) chloride TI 201 uptake in myocardium supplied by normal verus stenotic coronary arteries.
MetabolismIntracellular adenosine is rapidly metabolized either via phosphorylation to adenosine monophosphate by adenosine kinase, or via deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase in the cytosol. Half Life: Less than 10 secs
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesUsed as an initial treatment for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PVST), including that associated with accessory bypass tracts, and is a drug of choice for terminating stable, narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). Also used as an adjunct to thallous chloride TI 201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (thallium stress test) in patients who are unable to exercise adequately, as well as an adjunct to vagal maneuvers and clinical assessment to establish a specific diagnosis of undefined, stable, narrow-complex SVT.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsChronically high levels of adeonsine are associated with Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency.
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB00640
HMDB IDHMDB0000050
FooDB IDFDB003554
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00007444
BiGG ID34273
BioCyc IDADENOSINE
METLIN ID86
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAdenosine
Chemspider ID54923
ChEBI ID16335
PubChem Compound ID60961
Kegg Compound IDC00212
YMDB IDYMDB00058
ECMDB IDECMDB00050
References
Synthesis Reference

Giorgio Stramentinoli, Federico Gennari, “Process for preparing adenosine derivatives of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.” U.S. Patent US4373097, issued October, 1965.

MSDSLink
General References
1. Liao, Ben-ren; Yuan, Zhen-wen. Synthesis of adenosine from inosine. Huaxue Shiji (2006), 28(10), 633-634.
2. Schlimme E, Raezke KP, Ott FG: Ribonucleosides as minor milk constituents. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1991 Jun;30(2):138-52.
3. Schlimme E, Martin D, Meisel H: Nucleosides and nucleotides: natural bioactive substances in milk and colostrum. Br J Nutr. 2000 Nov;84 Suppl 1:S59-68.
4. Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
5. Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386
6. Liao, Ben-ren; Yuan, Zhen-wen. Synthesis of adenosine from inosine. Huaxue Shiji (2006), 28(10), 633-634.
7. Skalhegg BS, Funderud A, Henanger HH, Hafte TT, Larsen AC, Kvissel AK, Eikvar S, Orstavik S: Protein kinase A (PKA)--a potential target for therapeutic intervention of dysfunctional immune cells. Curr Drug Targets. 2005 Sep;6(6):655-64.
8. Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2:18.
9. Lee SH, Jung BH, Kim SY, Chung BC: A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of nucleosides in human urine using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with direct urine injection. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2004;18(9):973-7.
10. Maytin M, Colucci WS: Cardioprotection: a new paradigm in the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 19;96(6A):26G-31G.
11. Dodge-Kafka KL, Soughayer J, Pare GC, Carlisle Michel JJ, Langeberg LK, Kapiloff MS, Scott JD: The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated cAMP effector pathways. Nature. 2005 Sep 22;437(7058):574-8.
12. Gheorghiade M, Teerlink JR, Mebazaa A: Pharmacology of new agents for acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 19;96(6A):68G-73G.
13. Jansen RW, Kruijt JK, van Berkel TJ, Meijer DK: Coupling of the antiviral drug ara-AMP to lactosaminated albumin leads to specific uptake in rat and human hepatocytes. Hepatology. 1993 Jul;18(1):146-52.
14. Ballantyne PJ: Social context and outcomes for the ageing breast cancer patient: considerations for clinical practitioners. J Clin Nurs. 2004 Mar;13(3a):11-21.
15. Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Fujita T, Tsutsumi Z, Yamakita J, Shimizu K, Shiota M, Ohta S, Higashino K: Determination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Nov 20;719(1-2):55-61.
16. Eells JT, Spector R: Purine and pyrimidine base and nucleoside concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Neurochem Res. 1983 Nov;8(11):1451-7.
17. Koeris M, Funke L, Shrestha J, Rich A, Maas S: Modulation of ADAR1 editing activity by Z-RNA in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Sep 21;33(16):5362-70. Print 2005.
18. Vidotto C, Fousert D, Akkermann M, Griesmacher A, Muller MM: Purine and pyrimidine metabolites in children's urine. Clin Chim Acta. 2003 Sep;335(1-2):27-32.
19. Dunne VG, Bhattachayya S, Besser M, Rae C, Griffin JL: Metabolites from cerebrospinal fluid in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage correlate with vasospasm and clinical outcome: a pattern-recognition 1H NMR study. NMR Biomed. 2005 Feb;18(1):24-33.
20. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.
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26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17190852
27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18000974
28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=323854