Hydroxypropionic acid (CED0006373)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-08-29 06:17:33 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 17:51:16 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0006373

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM003264
T3D4304

Identification

Common Name

Hydroxypropionic acid

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Hydroxypropionic acid (C3H6O3) is an endogenous organic compound with an average molecular weight of 90.08 g/mol. At room temperature, it exists as a liquid. Hydroxypropionic acid belongs to the beta hydroxy acids and derivatives, a subclass of hydroxy acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. Biologically, the compound serves as a metabolite for both humans and Escherichia coli. It is known to target the protein Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase (bioH). The compound has been identified in 19 recorded sources across several categories. Within food, food processing, and cookware, it is associated with fermentation processes for beer, the preparation of vinegar, wort, and wine or sparkling wine, as well as food contact materials and two additional sources. In the sector of electrical and electronic equipment, it is found in antennas, electric switches, magnets, television systems, emergency protective devices, and one other source. It is also present in building and construction materials, specifically roofs, ladders, and floors. Additionally, it is found in household cleaning and consumer products, including tobacco product cases, cigar cigarettes, and other smoking requisites. Recorded routes of exposure for the compound include oral, inhalation, and touch.

Contaminant Type

Animal Toxin
Food Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
3-HYDROXY-propanoIC ACID	ChEBI
3-Hydroxypropanoic acid	ChEBI
beta-Hydroxypropionic acid	ChEBI
Hydracrylic acid	ChEBI
3-Hydroxypropionate	Kegg
3-Hydroxypropionic acid	Kegg
3-HYDROXY-propanoate	Generator
3-Hydroxypropanoate	Generator
b-Hydroxypropionate	Generator
b-Hydroxypropionic acid	Generator
beta-Hydroxypropionate	Generator
Β-hydroxypropionate	Generator
Β-hydroxypropionic acid	Generator
Hydracrylate	Generator
Hydroxypropionate	Generator
2-Deoxyglycerate	HMDB
2-Deoxyglyceric acid	HMDB
b-Lactate	HMDB
b-Lactic acid	HMDB
beta-Lactate	HMDB
beta-Lactic acid	HMDB
Ethylenelactate	HMDB
Ethylenelactic acid	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₃H₆O₃

Average Molecular Mass

90.078 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

90.032 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

503-66-2

IUPAC Name

3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Traditional Name

hydroxypropionic acid

SMILES

OCCC(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)

InChI Key

ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Hydroxy acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Beta-hydroxy acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid (CHEBI:33404 )
omega-hydroxy fatty acid (CHEBI:33404 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	< 25°C
Boiling Point	143°C (sodium salt) decomposes
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	647 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.95	ALOGPS
logP	-0.8	ChemAxon
logS	0.86	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	4.2	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.5	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	57.53 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	2	ChemAxon
Refractivity	19.05 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	8.15 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0900000000-26c10a7c09d2819f18b3	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0fba-0900000000-8bf04c0af8fd2e3b58de	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0900000000-26c10a7c09d2819f18b3	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0fba-0900000000-8bf04c0af8fd2e3b58de	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0007-9000000000-9aeb0d9c81f19a27c424	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0100-9720000000-bbec0186b2d36c22228d	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-3f5b72b8462bfcb4f391	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-3e9fa999dd5a46584db4	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03fu-5900000000-bd7d31d2678f47785461	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-d440d21b0f161a9853f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4r-9000000000-242c99f8bca595fe224e	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-052f-9000000000-a9bac0e4116df119abb1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-081d862d9b4bc28ae21b	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-be05ae87088e43aa060d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-d440d21b0f161a9853f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4r-9000000000-dba7e70fabc7dac6fe4b	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-052f-9000000000-a9bac0e4116df119abb1	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-081d862d9b4bc28ae21b	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-be05ae87088e43aa060d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-01ox-9000000000-abdb98d8c1686dc43cc3	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-7e9710b33d0c0f60adc0	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00kf-9000000000-8076ca0477f5e951c57d	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03dl-9000000000-74725037ead28bc3cbb5	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-029l-9000000000-e17da766d94d48429d67	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-03di-9000000000-e19c639a151e1fca0d34	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9000000000-9e7369e67b8849650d52	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-05fs-9000000000-6bc03f735cf4358adaaf	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-05di-9000000000-8c197b7691bbbacb263a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-1983baaf50a36f58c36c	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-9000000000-5cc8fd5907f4674c72f3	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-006x-9000000000-3e0c27682d8f7902d021	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-05fr-9000000000-ca1c84f66f87d8657cdd	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0ab9-9000000000-b40f7221c4743db25e12	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0a4i-9000000000-1b8a1f4e163373153a42	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-bb7db4de3f8756b25fae	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00dl-9000000000-b4566d2315040273e25b	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-5b066a2687d00a5c1bce	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
2175.0 Log mg/kg [1200:3900]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) toxicity is mediated by 3-hydroxypropionic aldehyde (reuterin). 3HP toxicity is also proposed to be related to inhibition of the chorismate and threonine super-pathways. Generally, the toxicity mechanism of 3HP is not understood at the molecular level. (6)

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000070	Stormwater runoff?Stormwater runoff refers to the flow of rainwater or melted snow that does not soak into the ground and instead collects pollutants as it travels over impervious surfaces such as roads and parking lots.	Automotive & urban infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000494	Food contact materials?Food contact materials refer to substances and products that are intended to come into contact with food during processing, packaging, or preparation.	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
CEDs000497	Floors?Floors in built environments can be a significant source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and finishes used in their construction.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000498	Ladders?Ladders, commonly used in various construction and maintenance activities, can become a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings applied during their manufacture and use.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000499	Roofs?Roofs can be a significant source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their construction and maintenance.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000517	Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000520	Emergency Protective Devices?Emergency protective devices, such as circuit breakers and surge protectors, are essential components in electrical systems designed to prevent damage from overcurrent and surges.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000521	Fixed Capacitors And Their Manufacture?Fixed capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy, playing a critical role in various circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000527	Magnets?Magnets, commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000537	Television Systems?Television systems can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the various materials and components used in their manufacture and operation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000538	Thin Magnetic Films?Thin magnetic films are layers of magnetic material ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in thickness, commonly used in applications such as magnetic sensors, data storage devices, and electronic components.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000544	Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000548	Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine?The preparation of wine or sparkling wine involves various stages, including fermentation, aging, and bottling, which can introduce potential sources of synthetic chemical contamination.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000550	Preparation Of Wort?The preparation of wort involves the extraction of sugars from malted grains, a crucial step in the brewing process.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000551	Processing Fish?Processing fish can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through various stages of production and preservation.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000552	Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000556	Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000563	Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000567	Tobacco Product Cases?Tobacco product cases can serve as a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and chemicals used in tobacco processing and product manufacturing.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000578	Making Cigars?The process of making cigars involves several steps, including the cultivation of tobacco, fermentation, and the application of various additives to enhance flavor and preservation.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000579	Manufacture Of Iron Or Steel?The manufacture of iron or steel involves various processes, including smelting, refining, and alloying, which can result in the release of synthetic chemicals and contaminants.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000581	Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000609	Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000612	Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements?Body washing or cleaning implements, such as synthetic sponges, loofahs, and washcloths, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000613	Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000635	Buttons?Buttons, often made from synthetic materials such as polyester, nylon, or polycarbonate, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination during their production, use, and disposal.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000638	Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000643	Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000652	Ropes?Ropes manufactured from synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene, nylon, and polyester, are widely used in various applications, including marine, construction, and outdoor activities.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000657	Surface Finishing Of Leather?Surface finishing of leather often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, resins, and finishing agents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000659	Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000662	Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000670	Solid Fire Fighting Substances?Solid fire fighting substances, such as certain types of dry chemical powders, are used in fire suppression applications to extinguish flames and prevent fire spread.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000684	Cements?Cements are a composite material primarily used as a binding agent in construction applications, formed by the calcination of limestone and clay minerals at high temperatures.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000686	Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000688	Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000689	Glass Fibres?Glass fibres are composed of fine strands of glass, commonly utilized for their tensile strength and lightweight properties.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000698	Jewellery?Jewellery production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals during the extraction and processing of metals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000699	Mining Or Quarrying?Mining and quarrying operations can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through the release of various pollutants associated with the extraction and processing of minerals.	Mining & metal processing	PubChem
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000738	Cooling Circuit Water?Cooling circuit water is utilized in various industrial processes to absorb and dissipate heat generated during operations.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000741	Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000742	Leather Tanning?Leather tanning is a process that transforms raw animal hides into durable leather through the application of various chemicals, including chromium salts, aldehydes, and vegetable tannins.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs01348	Rice Straw	Food, food processing & cookware	PMC12197902
CEDs01401	Rice Straw Hydrolysate	Food, food processing & cookware	PMC12197902 , PMC12197902
CEDs01407	Sugarcane Molasses	Food, food processing & cookware	PMC11382391 , PMC11382391
CEDs01529	Sugarcane Juice	Food, food processing & cookware	PMC12197902

Pathways

14 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Propanoate Metabolism

Biotinidase Deficiency

Malonic Aciduria

Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Methylmalonic Aciduria

Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders

Propionic Acidemia

Propanoate Metabolism

Malonic Aciduria

Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders

Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency

Malonic Aciduria

View all 14 pathways

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	P31646	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.421 Applicability Domain 0.421 Statistical Significance 4.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.311397
Click to view 3D structure	N-acetylaspartylglutamate synthase A	Q8IXN7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.375 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 3.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 2.56902
Click to view 3D structure	Egl nine homolog 1	Q9GZT9	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.364 Applicability Domain 0.615 Statistical Significance 9.80e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 41 E-value 7.62922
Click to view 3D structure	Lysine-specific demethylase 2A	Q9Y2K7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.356 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 4.50e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 35 E-value 3.50322
Click to view 3D structure	Histone lysine demethylase PHF8	Q9UPP1	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.356 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 3.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 14 E-value 0.233548
Click to view 3D structure	Succinate receptor 1	Q99MT6	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.355 Applicability Domain 0.615 Statistical Significance 2.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 0.155698
Click to view 3D structure	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	P18031	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.347 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0037 Supporting Reference Compounds 197 E-value 28.5707
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Q07869	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.347 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0053 Supporting Reference Compounds 127 E-value 41.4936
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Q03181	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.328 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0053 Supporting Reference Compounds 89 E-value 41.3379
Click to view 3D structure	Olfactory receptor 51E2	Q9H255	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.326 Applicability Domain 0.444 Statistical Significance 4.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 9 E-value 0.311397
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2	Q9WUD2	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.315 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0019 Supporting Reference Compounds 21 E-value 14.7135
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	P37231	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.307 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0151 Supporting Reference Compounds 192 E-value 117.864
Click to view 3D structure	Lysine-specific demethylase 5C	P41229	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.306 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 9.30e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 45 E-value 7.23998
Click to view 3D structure	Beta-lactamase VIM-1	Q9XAY4	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.3 Applicability Domain 0.3 Statistical Significance 1.10e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.856341
Click to view 3D structure	Histone deacetylase 11	Q96DB2	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.291 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.023 Supporting Reference Compounds 149 E-value 179.442
Click to view 3D structure	Free fatty acid receptor 1	O14842	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.288 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0103 Supporting Reference Compounds 56 E-value 80.5739
Click to view 3D structure	Asc-type amino acid transporter 1	P63116	Rat	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.286 Applicability Domain 0.286 Low confidence Statistical Significance 4.50e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 3.50322
Click to view 3D structure	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	P80147	Sus scrofa	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.276 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 3.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 0.233548
Click to view 3D structure	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2	P31421	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.274 Applicability Domain 0.364 Statistical Significance 0.0052 Supporting Reference Compounds 53 E-value 40.3259
Click to view 3D structure	Free fatty acid receptor 4	Q5NUL3	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.271 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0132 Supporting Reference Compounds 63 E-value 102.761
Click to view 3D structure	Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8	P47743	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.271 Applicability Domain 0.364 Statistical Significance 6.80e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 5.29375
Click to view 3D structure	Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte	P15090	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.27 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0022 Supporting Reference Compounds 19 E-value 17.2047
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Q92820	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.267 Applicability Domain 0.267 Low confidence Statistical Significance 8.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 6.38364
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2	Q04609	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.262 Applicability Domain 0.375 Statistical Significance 0.0025 Supporting Reference Compounds 16 E-value 19.1509
Click to view 3D structure	G-protein coupled receptor 84	Q9NQS5	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.26 Applicability Domain 0.381 Statistical Significance 0.0022 Supporting Reference Compounds 15 E-value 17.1268

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB03688

HMDB ID

HMDB0000700

FooDB ID

FDB022189

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

BiGG ID

BioCyc ID

METLIN ID

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Hydroxypropanoic acid

Chemspider ID

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

Not Available

ECMDB ID

ECMDB21168

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Link

General References

Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed: 8087979]
Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed: 8412012]
Brown GK, Cromby CH, Manning NJ, Pollitt RJ: Urinary organic acids in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: evidence of alpha-oxidation of 4-hydroxybutyric acid, interaction of succinic semialdehyde with pyruvate dehydrogenase and possible secondary inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1987;10(4):367-75. [PubMed: 3126356]
Sweetman L, Bates SP, Hull D, Nyhan WL: Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency in a patient with biotin-responsive 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria. Pediatr Res. 1977 Nov;11(11):1144-7. [PubMed: 917614]
Pollitt RJ, Fowler B, Sardharwalla IB, Edwards MA, Gray RG: Increased excretion of propan-1,3-diol and 3-hydroxypropionic acid apparently caused by abnormal bacterial metabolism in the gut. Clin Chim Acta. 1987 Nov 16;169(2-3):151-7. [PubMed: 3427776]
Kildegaard KR, Hallstrom BM, Blicher TH, Sonnenschein N, Jensen NB, Sherstyk S, Harrison SJ, Maury J, Herrgard MJ, Juncker AS, Forster J, Nielsen J, Borodina I: Evolution reveals a glutathione-dependent mechanism of 3-hydroxypropionic acid tolerance. Metab Eng. 2014 Sep 28;26C:57-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.09.004. [PubMed: 25263954]

Hydroxypropionic acid (CED0006373)

Structure for CHEM003264: Hydroxypropionic acid

Structure