Pyruvic acid (CED0001908)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2014-08-29 06:27:15 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 16:24:02 UTC

SynCED ID

CED0001908

Secondary Accession Numbers

CHEM003285
T3D4325

Identification

Common Name

Pyruvic acid

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Pyruvic acid (C3H4O3) is an endogenous liquid with an average molecular weight of 88.06 g/mol. Pyruvic acid belongs to the alpha-keto acids and derivatives, a subclass of keto acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. It is an intermediate compound in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and serves as an intermediate in primary metabolism, including fermentation processes. In the muscle, it exists in redox equilibrium with lactic acid. This compound is a common constituent of bacterial polysaccharides as a chiral cyclic acetal linked to saccharide residues. It is found in peppermint, cane sugar fermentation broth, and plant species including Bauhinia purpurea, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Delonix regia, Pisum sativum (pea), and Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil). Pyruvic acid is detected in various tissues, including the brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thyroid gland, testes, myocardium, neuron, fibroblasts, adipose tissue, muscle, and skeletal muscle. It acts as a biological metabolite and targets 17 proteins, including Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (SLC16A3), Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (SLC16A2), Monocarboxylate transporter 6 (SLC16A5), and Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial (AGXT2). Industrially, it is used as a deodorizer, fragrance, and flavouring and nutrient, while serving as an environmental nutrient (PMC9049632 ). It is also used as a reagent for the regeneration of carbonyl compounds from oximes, phenylhydrazones, and semicarbazones. Recorded sources include food processing and cookware (such as the preparation of vinegar, wort, beer, and wine, and food preservation), household cleaning and consumer products (including bleaching agents, perfumes within soaps and detergents, and smoking requisites), and electrical and electronic equipment (including antennas, conductors, contacts, and electric switches).

Contaminant Type

Animal Toxin
Dietary Supplement
Drug
Food Toxin
Metabolite
Micronutrient
Natural Compound
Nutraceutical
Organic Compound
Supplement

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
2-Ketopropionic acid	ChEBI
2-Oxopropanoic acid	ChEBI
2-Oxopropansaeure	ChEBI
2-Oxopropionsaeure	ChEBI
Acetylformic acid	ChEBI
Acide pyruvique	ChEBI
alpha-Ketopropionic acid	ChEBI
alpha-Oxopropionsaeure	ChEBI
Brenztraubensaeure	ChEBI
BTS	ChEBI
CH3COCOOH	ChEBI
Pyroracemic acid	ChEBI
2-Oxopropanoate	Kegg
2-Ketopropionate	Generator
Acetylformate	Generator
a-Ketopropionate	Generator
a-Ketopropionic acid	Generator
alpha-Ketopropionate	Generator
Α-ketopropionate	Generator
Α-ketopropionic acid	Generator
a-Oxopropionsaeure	Generator
Α-oxopropionsaeure	Generator
Pyroracemate	Generator
Pyruvate	Generator
2-Oxopropionate	HMDB
2-Oxopropionic acid	HMDB
Acid, pyruvic	MeSH, HMDB
Pyruvic acid	HMDB
alpha-Ketopropanoic acid	HMDB
α-Ketopropanoic acid	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₃H₄O₃

Average Molecular Mass

88.062 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

88.016 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

127-17-3

IUPAC Name

2-oxopropanoic acid

Traditional Name

pyruvic acid

SMILES

CC(=O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C3H4O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h1H3,(H,5,6)

InChI Key

LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-keto acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an aldehyde substituted with a keto group on the adjacent carbon.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Keto acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Alpha-keto acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Alpha-keto acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alpha-keto acid
Alpha-hydroxy ketone
Ketone
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

2-oxo monocarboxylic acid (CHEBI:32816 )
Oxo fatty acids (LMFA01060077 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Mitochondria
Peroxisome

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Adipose Tissue
Brain
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Liver
Muscle
Myocardium
Neuron
Pancreas
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testes
Thyroid Gland

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

coenzyme (PMC6249977 )?
metabolite ?A chemical produced during metabolism process, as an intermediate or end-product

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	13.8°C
Boiling Point	54°C at 1.00E+01 mm Hg
Solubility	1E+006 mg/L (at 20°C)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	134 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.38	ALOGPS
logP	0.066	ChemAxon
logS	0.18	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.93	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-9.6	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	54.37 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	17.99 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	7.31 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-4900000000-f26ef76666e40ab9fe61	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-5900000000-b8e81f82572d4796e944	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-5970000000-154bf9ad168a12593fcc	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-a2cf85a5e1d2379d26df	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-4900000000-f26ef76666e40ab9fe61	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-5900000000-b8e81f82572d4796e944	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-5970000000-154bf9ad168a12593fcc	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00dr-5900000000-5b1f470d4ff91420618c	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-5417b44aa241a7ba27e8	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00dm-9400000000-6db65a709bdc47e3adf7	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-a2cf85a5e1d2379d26df	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-dd49835da8355fb6e625	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-f09d8e3d7a774b255d89	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-7d91f6f626cab1a366fd	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-8ae98cdb3e142034e52a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-e04e6c68013983e1b6dc	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-dd49835da8355fb6e625	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-f09d8e3d7a774b255d89	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-7d91f6f626cab1a366fd	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-8ae98cdb3e142034e52a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-e04e6c68013983e1b6dc	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000f-9000000000-f24c93ecfd3928827154	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0udj-9000000000-fc3b9ad0c57f44261fba	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-9000000000-f3444f8b94ee5a0a9f74	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0avr-9000000000-dc40a6a1b9b166d6e68a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-016r-9000000000-efac7b176bb77118ecb8	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-d0defa72b09503c6d6d1	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000f-9000000000-c25fa150e9c490319a2a	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-ccb42b4c05ddd001990f	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-faf36ff70d6205370270	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-60c1a02aabf80f51050f	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000f-9000000000-ca5f4a2f06787d8b62a0	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-0eb1fb2cdd24bdc78601	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-87bbaed151efac084591	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-87bbaed151efac084591	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9000000000-0ff17f97b83100ef5b2c	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000f-9000000000-3732177135731d084b0e	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-d154cbf253a17855bcd7	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-f315d0752893e7d0c657	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, predicted)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, H₂O, experimental)	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Toxicity Rating	Reference
2645.0 Log mg/kg [1500:4700]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available	Not Available

Toxicity / Toxin Class

Not Available

Mechanism of Toxicity

Pyruvate serves as a biological fuel by being converted to acetyl coenzyme A, which enters the tricarboxylic acid or Krebs cycle where it is metabolized to produce ATP aerobically. Energy can also be obtained anaerobically from pyruvate via its conversion to lactate. Pyruvate injections or perfusions increase contractile function of hearts when metabolizing glucose or fatty acids. This inotropic effect is striking in hearts stunned by ischemia/reperfusion. The inotropic effect of pyruvate requires intracoronary infusion. Among possible mechanisms for this effect are increased generation of ATP and an increase in ATP phosphorylation potential. Another is activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, promoting its own oxidation by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inactivated in ischemia myocardium. Yet another is reduction of cytosolic inorganic phosphate concentration. Pyruvate, as an antioxidant, is known to scavenge such reactive oxygen species as hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. Indirectly, supraphysiological levels of pyruvate may increase cellular reduced glutathione.

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Description	Reference
inflammation	Associated With?	inverse	Not Available	PMC12960162
type 2 diabetes mellitus	Associated With?	Not Available	Not Available	PMC12109552

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
CEDs000010	Insecticides?Insecticides are synthetic chemicals designed to control or eliminate insect pests that threaten crops and other agricultural products.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000233	Brushes?Brushes used in personal care and cosmetics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and coatings used in their manufacturing.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000479	Effluent?Effluent refers to liquid waste or sewage that is discharged into the environment, typically resulting from industrial processes, municipal wastewater treatment, or agricultural runoff.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PMC8320890
CEDs000490		Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
CEDs000506	Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000511	Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000512	Contacts?Contacts in electrical and electronic equipment are components that facilitate the flow of electricity between circuits.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000514	Discharge Lamps?Discharge lamps, including fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, are commonly used for lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and brightness.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000517	Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000518	Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000519	Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000520	Emergency Protective Devices?Emergency protective devices, such as circuit breakers and surge protectors, are essential components in electrical systems designed to prevent damage from overcurrent and surges.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000524	Hybrid Capacitors?Hybrid capacitors are energy storage devices that combine the properties of electrolytic and supercapacitors, utilizing a combination of electrochemical principles to achieve higher energy density and power density.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000530	Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000540	X Ray Tubes?X-ray tubes are devices used to produce X-rays for various applications, including medical imaging and industrial inspections.	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	PubChem
CEDs000544	Fermentation Processes For Beer?Fermentation processes for beer involve the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000545	Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000548	Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine?The preparation of wine or sparkling wine involves various stages, including fermentation, aging, and bottling, which can introduce potential sources of synthetic chemical contamination.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000550	Preparation Of Wort?The preparation of wort involves the extraction of sugars from malted grains, a crucial step in the brewing process.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000553	Treatment Of Hops?Hops, a key ingredient in brewing and food flavoring, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to various agricultural practices.	Food, food processing & cookware	PubChem
CEDs000555	Bleaching Agents?Bleaching agents are chemical substances used to whiten or lighten materials, often employed in various cleaning products for their stain removal and disinfecting properties.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000556	Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000560	Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000561	Perfumes Within Detergents And Soaps?Perfumes within detergents and soaps are synthetic fragrance compounds added to enhance the sensory experience of cleaning products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000562	Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000563	Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000566	Tobacco Pipes?Tobacco pipes, often made from materials such as plastic, wood, or metal, can serve as sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the residues left by tobacco products.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000567	Tobacco Product Cases?Tobacco product cases can serve as a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the presence of various additives and chemicals used in tobacco processing and product manufacturing.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000569	Tobacco Smoke Filters?Tobacco smoke filters are designed to reduce the inhalation of harmful substances in cigarette smoke, including tar and other particulate matter.	Household cleaning & consumer products	PubChem
CEDs000578	Making Cigars?The process of making cigars involves several steps, including the cultivation of tobacco, fermentation, and the application of various additives to enhance flavor and preservation.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000580	Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000581	Paper Making Machines?Paper making machines utilize various synthetic chemicals throughout the production process, including additives, coatings, and bleaching agents.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000596	Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000597	Chemosterilants?Chemosterilants are synthetic chemicals designed to induce sterility in target pest populations, thereby controlling their reproduction and mitigating damage to crops.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000600	Herbicides And Algicides?Herbicides and algicides are synthetic chemicals primarily used to control unwanted plants and algae in various environments.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000603	Nematocides?Nematocides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to control nematodes, which are microscopic roundworms that can cause significant damage to crops and plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000605	Pest Repellants?Pest repellents, often formulated from synthetic chemicals, are widely used to protect crops from insect infestations and other pests.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000606	Plant Growth Regulators?Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are synthetic chemicals designed to influence the growth and development of plants.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000607	Rodenticides(1)?Rodenticides are synthetic chemicals specifically formulated to control rodent populations, serving as a crucial tool in managing pests that can damage crops and spread diseases.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000608	Rodenticides?Rodenticides are chemical substances specifically designed to control rodent populations by causing death through various mechanisms, including anticoagulation or neurotoxicity.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000609	Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000610	Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000611	Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000613	Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000614	Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000615	Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000616	Face Mask Cosmetics?Face mask cosmetics often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including preservatives, emulsifiers, and fragrances, which can contribute to chemical contamination.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000617	Lip Care Products?Lip care products, including lipsticks, balms, and glosses, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000618	Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.	Personal care & cosmetics	PubChem
CEDs000632	Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000638	Decorating Textiles?Decorating textiles often involves the use of synthetic chemicals such as dyes, finishes, and coatings.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000642	Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000652	Ropes?Ropes manufactured from synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene, nylon, and polyester, are widely used in various applications, including marine, construction, and outdoor activities.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000655	Slide Fasteners?Slide fasteners, commonly known as zippers, are mechanical devices used to join two edges of fabric or other materials.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000657	Surface Finishing Of Leather?Surface finishing of leather often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, resins, and finishing agents.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000659	Transfer Printing?Transfer printing is a process used to apply designs and patterns onto various substrates, commonly utilizing synthetic dyes and inks that can contain hazardous chemicals.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000662	Yarns Or Threads?Yarns or threads used in textiles can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the production processes and treatments they undergo.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000664	Fire Fighting Gels?Fire fighting gels are synthetic chemical formulations designed to enhance fire suppression effectiveness by creating a protective barrier against heat and flames.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000665	Fire Extinguishers?Fire extinguishers contain various synthetic chemicals designed to suppress flames and prevent the spread of fire.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000670	Solid Fire Fighting Substances?Solid fire fighting substances, such as certain types of dry chemical powders, are used in fire suppression applications to extinguish flames and prevent fire spread.	Fire suppression systems & agents	PubChem
CEDs000678	Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000679	Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.	Agriculture & land management	PubChem
CEDs000684	Cements?Cements are a composite material primarily used as a binding agent in construction applications, formed by the calcination of limestone and clay minerals at high temperatures.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000685	Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000693	Silica Glass?Silica glass, primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2), is widely used in various applications, including windows, glass facades, and insulation materials.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000696	Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	PubChem
CEDs000727	Printing Machines Or Presses?Printing machines or presses commonly utilize synthetic chemicals such as inks, solvents, and cleaning agents.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000734	Coating Compositions?Coating compositions, which include paints, sealants, and varnishes, are formulated with a variety of synthetic chemicals such as solvents, resins, pigments, and additives.	Building & Construction	PubChem
CEDs000735	Explosives?Explosives are chemical compounds or mixtures designed to undergo rapid decomposition, releasing energy in the form of gas and heat.	Defense & military infrastructure	PubChem
CEDs000737	Chemical Igniters?Chemical igniters are substances or devices designed to initiate combustion in various applications, often found in products like lighters, candles, and certain household cleaning agents.	Household items	PubChem
CEDs000739	Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000740	Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.	Paper, pulp & fiber products	PubChem
CEDs000742	Leather Tanning?Leather tanning is a process that transforms raw animal hides into durable leather through the application of various chemicals, including chromium salts, aldehydes, and vegetable tannins.	Textiles, leather & furnishings	PubChem
CEDs000743	Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs000744	Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	PubChem
CEDs01083	Pharmaceutical	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	PMC3962153
CEDs01144	Food	Food, food processing & cookware	PMC3962153
CEDs01610	Model Wine	Food, food processing & cookware	PMC13255049
CEDs02646	Air Mass	Air, dust & atmospheric transport	PMC9433442
CEDs02851	Cosmetic	Personal care & cosmetics	PMC3962153

Pathways

129 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank

Alanine Metabolism

Amino Sugar Metabolism

Glucose-Alanine Cycle

Glycine and Serine Metabolism

Glycolysis

Pyruvaldehyde Degradation

Pyruvate Metabolism

Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria

View all 129 pathways

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Pyruvate carboxylase	A0A0H3JRU9	Staphylococcus aureus (strain Mu50 / ATCC 700699)	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Pyruvate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]	P07003	Escherichia coli (strain K12)	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial	P10173	Sus scrofa	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.235 Applicability Domain 0.235 Low confidence Statistical Significance 5.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.389246
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Q16790	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.235 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 0.2087 Supporting Reference Compounds 372 E-value 1624.64
Click to view 3D structure	Egl nine homolog 1	Q9GZT9	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.234 Applicability Domain 0.286 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0225 Supporting Reference Compounds 41 E-value 174.849
Click to view 3D structure	Olfactory receptor 51E2	Q9H255	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.227 Applicability Domain 0.278 Low confidence Statistical Significance 4.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 9 E-value 3.26967
Click to view 3D structure	Lysine-specific demethylase 2A	Q9Y2K7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.222 Applicability Domain 0.286 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0279 Supporting Reference Compounds 35 E-value 216.966
Click to view 3D structure	Histone lysine demethylase PHF8	Q9UPP1	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.222 Applicability Domain 0.286 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0011 Supporting Reference Compounds 14 E-value 8.32987
Click to view 3D structure	Lysine-specific demethylase 5C	P41229	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.219 Applicability Domain 0.286 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0488 Supporting Reference Compounds 45 E-value 380.216
Click to view 3D structure	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	P18031	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.217 Applicability Domain 0.238 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.1788 Supporting Reference Compounds 197 E-value 1391.94
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Q07869	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.217 Applicability Domain 0.238 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.2413 Supporting Reference Compounds 127 E-value 1878.66
Click to view 3D structure	Beta-lactamase VIM-1	Q9XAY4	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.211 Applicability Domain 0.211 Low confidence Statistical Significance 4.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 3.26967
Click to view 3D structure	Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1	P39086	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.209 Applicability Domain 0.222 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0068 Supporting Reference Compounds 31 E-value 52.7039
Click to view 3D structure	3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase	Q5SIY4	Thermus thermophilus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.208 Applicability Domain 0.208 Low confidence Statistical Significance 5.00e-05 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 0.389246
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	P48029	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.208 Applicability Domain 0.208 Low confidence Statistical Significance 4.40e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 3.42537
Click to view 3D structure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Q03181	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.208 Applicability Domain 0.238 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.2552 Supporting Reference Compounds 89 E-value 1987.02
Click to view 3D structure	Complement factor D	P32038	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.207 Applicability Domain 0.207 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0117 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 91.395
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2	Q9WUD2	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.204 Applicability Domain 0.238 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.015 Supporting Reference Compounds 21 E-value 117.085
Click to view 3D structure	Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1	P54001	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.202 Applicability Domain 0.25 Low confidence Statistical Significance 5.20e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 4.04816
Click to view 3D structure	Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase	P44514	Haemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.202 Applicability Domain 0.227 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0011 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 8.25202
Click to view 3D structure	1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase	B7UJP3	Escherichia coli O127:H6 (strain E2348/69 / EPEC)	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.201 Applicability Domain 0.217 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.001 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 7.94062
Click to view 3D structure	Asc-type amino acid transporter 1	P63116	Rat	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.2 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0018 Supporting Reference Compounds 2 E-value 13.8572
Click to view 3D structure	CD81 antigen	P60033	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.2 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 2.70e-04 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 2.10193
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	P31646	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.2 Applicability Domain 0.2 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.0019 Supporting Reference Compounds 1 E-value 15.1806
Click to view 3D structure	Histone deacetylase 11	Q96DB2	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.2 Applicability Domain 0.238 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.4376 Supporting Reference Compounds 149 E-value 3406.68
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha carbonic anhydrase	B5SU02	Stylophora pistillata	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.198 Applicability Domain 0.4 Statistical Significance 0.0332 Supporting Reference Compounds 43 E-value 258.771
Click to view 3D structure	Carbonic anhydrase 2	P00918	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	Prediction Confidence Score 0.196 Applicability Domain 0.208 Low confidence Statistical Significance 0.6219 Supporting Reference Compounds 472 E-value 4841.21
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 1	P53985	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 2	O60669	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 5	O15374	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	P11498	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Pyruvate kinase PKLR	P30613	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Pyruvate kinase PKM	P14618	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	P80404	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	Q9BYV1	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO	Q9C0B1	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 3	O95907	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 4	O15427	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 6	O15375	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 7	O15403	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Monocarboxylate transporter 8	P36021	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial	P11177	Humans	Known	Not Available
Click to view 3D structure	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	Q92959	Humans	Known	Not Available

Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

DB00119

HMDB ID

HMDB0000243

FooDB ID

FDB031141

Phenol Explorer ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00001200

BiGG ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

PYRUVATE

METLIN ID

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Pyruvic_acid

Chemspider ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

PubChem Compound ID

Kegg Compound ID

YMDB ID

ECMDB ID

References

Synthesis Reference

Tadamitsu Kiyoura, “Process for producing salts of pyruvic acid.” U.S. Patent US4242525, issued December, 1965.

MSDS

Link

General References

Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed: 12097436]
Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed: 8087979]
Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed: 8412012]
Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed: 15627241]
Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed: 8579834]
Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2:18. [PubMed: 15882454]
Nielsen J, Ytrebo LM, Borud O: Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in capillary blood from newborns. Acta Paediatr. 1994 Sep;83(9):920-2. [PubMed: 7819686]
Ka T, Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Kaya M, Tsujita J, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Fukuchi M, Hada T: Effect of exercise and beer on the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of purine bases. J Rheumatol. 2003 May;30(5):1036-42. [PubMed: 12734903]
Talseth T, Haegele KD, McNay JL, Skrdlant HB, Clementi WA, Shepherd AM: Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects in rabbits of a major hydralazine metabolite, the hydralazine pyruvic-acid hydrazone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1979 Dec;211(3):509-13. [PubMed: 512915]
Reece PA, Cozamanis I, Zacest R: Selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assays for hydralazine and its metabolites in plasma of man. J Chromatogr. 1980 Mar 14;181(3-4):427-40. [PubMed: 7391156]
Meijer-Severs GJ, Van Santen E, Meijer BC: Short-chain fatty acid and organic acid concentrations in feces of healthy human volunteers and their correlations with anaerobe cultural counts during systemic ceftriaxone administration. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1990 Jul;25(7):698-704. [PubMed: 2396083]
Elling D, Bader K: [Biochemical changes in cervix mucus in stepwise malignant transformation of cervix epithelium]. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1990;112(9):555-60. [PubMed: 2378186]
Mongan PD, Capacchione J, West S, Karaian J, Dubois D, Keneally R, Sharma P: Pyruvate improves redox status and decreases indicators of hepatic apoptosis during hemorrhagic shock in swine. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Oct;283(4):H1634-44. Epub 2002 Jun 20. [PubMed: 12234818]
Foster KJ, Alberti KG, Hinks L, Lloyd B, Postle A, Smythe P, Turnell DC, Walton R: Blood intermediary metabolite and insulin concentrations after an overnight fast: reference ranges for adults, and interrelations. Clin Chem. 1978 Sep;24(9):1568-72. [PubMed: 688619]
Tsuchiya H, Hashizume I, Tokunaga T, Tatsumi M, Takagi N, Hayashi T: High-performance liquid chromatography of alpha-keto acids in human saliva. Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28(11):989-92. [PubMed: 6581765]

Pyruvic acid (CED0001908)

Structure for CHEM003285: Pyruvic acid

Structure