Dimethylglycine (CHEM003296)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-08-29 06:29:09 UTC
Update Date2026-08-22 19:15:30 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003296
Identification
Common NameDimethylglycine
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Dimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. The human body produces DMG when metabolizing choline into Glycine. Dimethylglycine that is not metabolized in the liver is transported by the circulatory system to body tissue. Dimethylglycine was popular with Russian athletes and cosmonauts owing to its reputed ability to increase endurance and reduce fatigue. DMG is also a byproduct of homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine and betaine are converted to methionine and N, N-dimethylglycine by betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase.
Contaminant Sources
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
  • T3DB toxins
Contaminant Type
  • Amine
  • Animal Toxin
  • Food Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Plant Toxin
Chemical Structure
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
ValueSource
(Dimethylamino)acetic acidChEBI
2-(Dimethylamino)acetic acidChEBI
N,N-Dimethylaminoacetic acidChEBI
N-MethylsarcosineChEBI
(Dimethylamino)acetateGenerator
2-(Dimethylamino)acetateGenerator
N,N-DimethylaminoacetateGenerator
N,N-DimethylglycineHMDB
N-Methylsarcosine N,N-dimethyl-glycineHMDB
Dimethylglycine, monopotassium saltHMDB
Dimethylglycine, sodium saltHMDB
Dimethylglycine, calcium saltHMDB
Dimethylglycine monohydrochlorideHMDB
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)acetic acidHMDB
DMGHMDB
DimethylglycineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC4H9NO2
Average Molecular Mass103.120 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass103.063 g/mol
CAS Registry Number1118-68-9
IUPAC Name2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid
Traditional Namedimethylglycine
SMILESCN(C)CC(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-5(2)3-4(6)7/h3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)
InChI KeyFFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Betaine MetabolismSMP00123 map00260
Glycine and Serine MetabolismSMP00004 map00260
Methionine MetabolismSMP00033 map00270
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)SMP00179 Not Available
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase DeficiencySMP00242 Not Available
DimethylglycinuriaSMP00484 Not Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point185.5°C
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility939 g/LALOGPS
logP-1.7ALOGPS
logP-3.1ChemAxon
logS0.96ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.88ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.69ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area40.54 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity26.07 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability10.47 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesThis is an endogenously produced metabolite found in the human body. It is used in metabolic reactions, catabolic reactions or waste generation.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB02083
HMDB IDHMDB0000092
FooDB IDFDB021893
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG ID36652
BioCyc IDDIMETHYL-GLYCINE
METLIN ID277
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDimethylglycine
Chemspider ID653
ChEBI ID17724
PubChem Compound ID673
Kegg Compound IDC01026
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDECMDB24003
References
Synthesis Reference

Roger V. Kendall, John W. Lawson, “Dimethylglycine enhancement of antibody production.” U.S. Patent US5118618, issued December, 1982.

MSDSLink
General References
1. Lai, Mei-Chin; Wang, Chia-Chi; Chuang, Ming-Jen; Wu, Yen-Chi; Lee, Yu-Chien. Effects of substrate and potassium on the betaine-synthesizing enzyme glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase from a halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis. Res Microbiol. 2006 Dec;157(10):948-55. Epub 2006 Oct 26. Pubmed: 17098399
2. Pan L, Yu J, Mi Z, Mo L, Jin H, Yao C, Ren D, Menghe B: A Metabolomics Approach Uncovers Differences between Traditional and Commercial Dairy Products in Buryatia (Russian Federation). Molecules. 2018 Mar 22;23(4). pii: molecules23040735. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040735.
3. Xi X, Kwok LY, Wang Y, Ma C, Mi Z, Zhang H: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry MS(E)-based untargeted milk metabolomics in dairy cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jun;100(6):4884-4896. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11939. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
4. Lai, Mei-Chin; Wang, Chia-Chi; Chuang, Ming-Jen; Wu, Yen-Chi; Lee, Yu-Chien. Effects of substrate and potassium on the betaine-synthesizing enzyme glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase from a halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis. Res Microbiol. 2006 Dec;157(10):948-55. Epub 2006 Oct 26. Pubmed: 17098399
5. Binzak BA, Vockley JG, Jenkins RB, Vockley J: Structure and analysis of the human dimethylglycine dehydrogenase gene. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 Mar;69(3):181-7.
6. McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72.
7. Moolenaar SH, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UF, Corstiaensen JM, Heerschap A, de Jong JG, Binzak BA, Vockley J, Wevers RA: Defect in dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, a new inborn error of metabolism: NMR spectroscopy study. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):459-64.
8. Look MP, Riezler R, Reichel C, Brensing KA, Rockstroh JK, Stabler SP, Spengler U, Berthold HK, Sauerbruch T: Is the increase in serum cystathionine levels in patients with liver cirrhosis a consequence of impaired homocysteine transsulfuration at the level of gamma-cystathionase? Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 Aug;35(8):866-72.
9. Cicek G, Vuorinen T, Stahle I, Stepanek P, Freudenberg N, Brandsch R: Coxsackievirus B3 infection induces anti-flavoprotein antibodies in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Dec;122(3):404-9.
10. Lever M, George PM, Dellow WJ, Scott RS, Chambers ST: Homocysteine, glycine betaine, and N,N-dimethylglycine in patients attending a lipid clinic. Metabolism. 2005 Jan;54(1):1-14.
11. Xia JH, Yu KP, Liu CY, Pan Q, Zheng D, Dai HP: [Molecular clonging of the human dimethyglycine dehydrogenase-like gene (DMGDHL1) from the sarcosinemia critical region at 9q34]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 1999;26(6):591-7.
12. Laryea MD, Steinhagen F, Pawliczek S, Wendel U: Simple method for the routine determination of betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine in blood and urine. Clin Chem. 1998 Sep;44(9):1937-41.
13. Binzak BA, Wevers RA, Moolenaar SH, Lee YM, Hwu WL, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UF, Hoard HM, Vockley JG, Vockley J: Cloning of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and a new human inborn error of metabolism, dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Apr;68(4):839-47. Epub 2001 Feb 28.
14. Jansen M, Hansen TA: Non-growth-associated demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate by (homo)acetogenic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jan;67(1):300-6.
15. Upadhyaya S, Banerjee G: Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown. Gut Microbes. 2015;6(2):85-92. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1024918.
16. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043.
17. Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in Health Sciences., no 510
18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17190852
19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=21228267
20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22418088
21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22510294