L-Tyrosine (CED0000382)

L-Tyrosine (C9H11NO3) is an endogenous organic compound with an average molecular weight of 181.19 g/mol. It exists as a solid at room temperature. L-Tyrosine belongs to the amino acids, peptides, and analogues, a subclass of carboxylic acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. It is detected in the prostate and all tissues. This human and fundamental metabolite serves as a biological micronutrient and antioxidant (PMC4302234, PMC7583958, PMC9265340, PMC9654611). Its roles include acting as a chemical and biological inhibitor of EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase). Industrially, it is used as a reducing agent (PMC10607471) and as a flavouring and nutrient. Its recorded protein targets include Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TH), Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (YARS1), and Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (YARS2). In application, it is used as a nutraceutical. L-Tyrosine is associated with several health effects, including breast cancer (PMC10026263), esophageal cancer (PMC10384620), colorectal cancer (PMC13157016), and inflammatory bowel disease (PMC13157016). It is associated with increases in obesity and anxiety (PMC12691759). Conversely, it has a therapeutic effect on fatigue (PMC9650640) and serves as a biomarker of COVID-19 (PMC10026263). Environmental and industrial records indicate the compound is found in indoor air, as well as in household cleaning and consumer products such as soap detergents, bleaching agents, tobacco smoke filters, and perfumes within detergents and soaps. It is also found in electrical and electronic equipment, including electric switches and antennas, and in food processing activities such as the preparation of vinegar, wine, and beer. The recorded exposure route is inhalation.