Liothyronine (CED0001645)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-09-11 05:15:14 UTC
Update Date2026-08-19 09:13:34 UTC
SynCED IDCED0001645
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • CHEM003716
  • T3D4759
Identification
Common NameLiothyronine
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Liothyronine is a solid compound with the chemical formula C15H12I3NO4. Liothyronine belongs to the amino acids, peptides, and analogues, a subclass of carboxylic acids and derivatives within the organic compounds. With an average molecular weight of 650.97 g/mol, Liothyronine is a heavy molecule. This exogenous substance is found in or released from 18 recorded sources, including thyroid preparations in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products; food preservation, processing fish, processing meats, and the preparation of vinegar in food, food processing, and cookware; and soap detergents, cigar cigarettes, non electric simulated smoking devices, other smoking requisites, and pipe accessories in household cleaning and consumer products. It is also associated with electrical and electronic equipment, such as antennas, auxiliary devices, electric switches, electric hearing aids, and conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials. Recorded exposure routes include oral, intravenous, and topical administration. Liothyronine has been detected in various tissues, including the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, placenta, intestine, epidermis, fibroblasts, nerve cells, neuron, platelet, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and testes. The compound interacts with 10 recorded protein targets, acting as an antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ESR1), and targeting the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA), collagenase 3 (MMP13), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (HTR6), and 6 other proteins. Regarding health effects, liothyronine is used as a treatment for hypothyroidism (PMC8778081 ).
Contaminant Type
  • Amine
  • Animal Toxin
  • Drug
  • Ether
  • Food Toxin
  • Hormone Replacement Agent
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-thyronineChEBI
3,5,3'-TriiodothyronineChEBI
3,5,3'TRIIODOTHYRONINEChEBI
4-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanineChEBI
L-3,5,3'-TriiodothyronineChEBI
L-T3ChEBI
LiothyroninumChEBI
LiotironinaChEBI
O-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosineChEBI
T3ChEBI
TertroxinChEBI
TresitopeChEBI
TriiodothyronineChEBI
3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronineKegg
ThyrolarKegg
3,3',5-TriiodothyronineHMDB
CytomelHMDB
T3 Thyroid hormoneHMDB
Thyroid hormone, T3HMDB
Liothyronine sodiumHMDB
3,3',5'-Triiodo-L-thyronineHMDB
3,3',5'-TriiodothyronineHMDB
4-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenylalanineHMDB
CyronineHMDB
L-3,3',5-Triiodo-thyronineHMDB
L-3,3',5-TriiodothyronineHMDB
L-3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]-alanineHMDB
L-LiothyronineHMDB
L-TriiodothyronineHMDB
LiothyroninHMDB
Triiodo-L-thyronineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC15H12I3NO4
Average Molecular Mass650.974 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass650.790 g/mol
CAS Registry Number6893-02-3
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
Traditional Nameliothyronine
SMILESN[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C15H12I3NO4/c16-9-6-8(1-2-13(9)20)23-14-10(17)3-7(4-11(14)18)5-12(19)15(21)22/h1-4,6,12,20H,5,19H2,(H,21,22)/t12-/m0/s1
InChI KeyAUYYCJSJGJYCDS-LBPRGKRZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentPhenylalanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylalanine or derivatives
  • Diphenylether
  • Diaryl ether
  • 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Phenoxy compound
  • 2-iodophenol
  • 2-halophenol
  • Phenol ether
  • Iodobenzene
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Halobenzene
  • Phenol
  • Aralkylamine
  • Aryl iodide
  • Aryl halide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Amino acid
  • Ether
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organoiodide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Nerve Cells
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testes
  • Thyroid Gland
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point236-237°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility3.96 mg/L (at 37°C)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.02 g/LALOGPS
logP0.82ALOGPS
logP2.8ChemAxon
logS-4.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)0.3ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.48ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area92.78 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity113.43 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability43.92 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-05a9-5090378000-014ef55558b58a3d38f2Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-0009001000-1d47041336da63b556e4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-1009001000-15f70073b9018f013c9cNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000i-0009000000-71c231d7a3ab505815ffNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-f932659d1e6d8a622985Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-6506a7a71dab928abfb0Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fc0-0700119000-1df6db0e3031eb2739faNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-973fc871534b19242cc8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-ac3c4a198bb017dc7cccNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-2770ece749a9fa1042f4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-881174c66da97022d645Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0000019000-6f798ae76702a3053339Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0000219000-d2ca9f0cc3c1b47176b5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-056r-0021915000-6f3810619f383bce651aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-f932659d1e6d8a622985Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-6506a7a71dab928abfb0Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0fc0-0700119000-1df6db0e3031eb2739faNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-973fc871534b19242cc8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-ac3c4a198bb017dc7cccNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-2770ece749a9fa1042f4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-881174c66da97022d645Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0000019000-6f798ae76702a3053339Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0000219000-178f8aeb4d7fe4223eb6Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-056r-0021915000-6f3810619f383bce651aNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-3313609bddb3960195a8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-1900003000-78126830445d493472e8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-80c7a00acb578576bcc3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-9223d3d63e3db43052a7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-1e8e674422aa4d820da7Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0pb9-0000009000-4d60e144164273111464Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0000149000-87babecf610c68223da5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-016r-0039010000-b57f6dd23e6456cf7c1eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0010009000-50e441d89395debe176bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001j-0050139000-a259e39ad1204b60b373Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00e9-9262431000-bcc1f7554c4e309cef17Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0udi-0000009000-9044a59ba63b511399cdNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0000019000-9a3ced9d360ca4bb7172Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a6r-0032629000-227cf95eb5064b9a6105Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0000009000-f8e74b77f02e17e351b1Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004j-1700029000-9e90bebe08cced3041e1Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-0dba40d354fa6a5575e0Not AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalToxicity RatingReference
824.0 Log mg/kg [460:1500]RatLD50oralpredictedNot AvailableNot Available
0.007 mg/kg-day MouseLOECinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
0.007 mg/kg-day MouseNOECinjectionexperimentalNot AvailableECOTOX - EPA ORD
Toxicity / Toxin ClassNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityThe hormones, T4 and T3, are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine is an important component in their synthesis. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T4). This is converted to the more active liothyronine form by deiodinases in peripheral tissues. Liothyronine acts on the body to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline). The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. To various extents T4 and T3 regulate protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Their most pronounced effect is on how human cells use energetic compounds. The thyroid hormone derivatives bind to the thyroid hormone receptors initially to initiate their downstream effects.
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionDescriptionReference
anemiaAssociated With?decreaseA disorder characterized by a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in 100 ml of blood. Signs and symptoms of anemia may include pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, shortness of breath, palpitations of the heart, soft systolic murmurs, lethargy, and fatigability. (NCI CTCAE)PMC8472829
diabetes mellitusAssociated With?inverseA glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (DO)PMC11017329 , PMC11017329
diabetes mellitusAssociated With?positiveA glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (DO)PMC11017329
diabetes mellitusAssociated With?Not AvailableA glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (DO)PMC11017329 , PMC11017329
diabetes mellitusAssociated With?mixedA glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (DO)PMC11017329
obesityAssociated With?decreaseA disorder characterized by having a high amount of body fat. (NCI CTCAE)PMC2713042
hypothyroidismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailablePMC8778081 , PMC10164501
hypothyroidismDecreased in Blood IndecreaseNot AvailablePMC7009407
HyperthyroidismElevated in Blood InincreaseNot AvailablePMC1492602
HyperthyroidismAssociated With?decreaseNot AvailablePMC12736302
thyrotoxicosisAssociated With?Not AvailableNot AvailablePMC7605468
autoimmune thyroiditisElevated in Blood InincreaseNot AvailablePMC13190364
abdominal obesity-metabolic syndromeAssociated With?decreaseNot AvailablePMC2713042
Oxidative StressAssociated With?increaseNot AvailablePMC11017329
prediabetes syndromeAssociated With?positiveNot AvailablePMC11017329
depressive disorderAssociated With?Not AvailableNot AvailablePMC11109747
primary hyperthyroidismElevated in Blood InNot AvailableNot AvailablePMC7009407
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisHas Therapeutic Effect OnNot AvailableNot AvailablePMC12938659
Graves' diseaseAssociated With?Not AvailableNot AvailablePMC12940130
Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndromeElevated in Blood InincreaseNot AvailablePMC3388438
Primary hypothyroidismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailablePMC7945716
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-ResistantNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailablePMC10164501
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
CEDs000181Ballast water?Ballast water, taken on by ships to maintain stability and balance, often contains a diverse array of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and plankton.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000182Bilge water?Bilge water is a byproduct generated from the accumulation of water in the lowest part of a ship's hull, which may include a mixture of seawater, oil, fuel residues, and various contaminants.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000332Thyroid preparations?Thyroid preparations, which are primarily used for the treatment of hypothyroidism and other thyroid-related disorders, include synthetic hormones such as levothyroxine and liothyronine.Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
CEDs000506Antennas?Antennas, commonly used in communication technologies, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through the materials and coatings used in their construction.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000507Auxiliary Devices?Auxiliary devices, such as capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, are integral components in various electronic systems.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive Materials?Conductors, or conductive bodies, are materials that allow the flow of electrical current, typically made from metals such as copper, aluminum, or silver.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000516Electric Hearing Aids?Electric hearing aids are small electronic devices designed to amplify sound for individuals with hearing loss.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000517Electric Switches?Electric switches, integral components in numerous devices, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and manufacturing processes involved in their production.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000518Electrically Stimulated Smoking Devices?Electrically stimulated smoking devices, commonly known as e-cigarettes or vape pens, utilize electrical components to heat a liquid solution, often containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives, to produce an aerosol for inhalation.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000519Electrodes?Electrodes, used in various electrical and electronic applications, can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials from which they are constructed and the processes involved in their manufacturing.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000530Radio Transmission Systems?Radio transmission systems utilize a variety of synthetic chemicals in their manufacturing and maintenance processes.Electrical & Electronic EquipmentPubChem
CEDs000545Food Preservation?Food preservation often involves the use of synthetic chemicals, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and color additives, to extend shelf life and enhance the sensory qualities of food products.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000548Preparation Of Vinegar?Vinegar is produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria, resulting in a solution that typically contains 4-8% acetic acid.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000551Processing Fish?Processing fish can lead to synthetic chemical contamination through various stages of production and preservation.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000552Processing Meats?Processing meats can lead to synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of additives and preservatives.Food, food processing & cookwarePubChem
CEDs000556Cigar Cigarettes?Cigar cigarettes are a source of synthetic chemical contamination due to the combustion of various tobacco blends and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000559Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices?Non-electric simulated smoking devices, often designed to mimic the experience of smoking without combustion, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials and chemicals used in their construction and operation.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000560Other Smoking Requisites?Other smoking requisites, including items such as lighters, matches, and rolling papers, can introduce synthetic chemical contamination through various components and additives.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000562Pipe Accessories?Pipe accessories, such as fittings, connectors, and seals, are components used in plumbing systems to facilitate the flow of liquids and gases.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000563Soap Detergents?Soap detergents are synthetic surfactants designed to enhance the cleaning efficacy of water by reducing surface tension, allowing for better interaction with dirt and grease.Household cleaning & consumer productsPubChem
CEDs000580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco Products?The manufacture and preparation of tobacco products involve various processes that can result in the introduction of synthetic chemicals into the environment.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000592Marine Propulsion Or Steering?Marine propulsion and steering systems often rely on various synthetic chemicals, including lubricants, fuels, and hydraulic fluids.Marine, shipping & aquaculturePubChem
CEDs000596Acaricides?Acaricides are synthetic chemicals specifically designed to target and control mite populations that can damage crops and plants.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000609Aftershave?Aftershave is a grooming product typically used to soothe and protect the skin following shaving.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000610Aftersun Products?Aftersun products are designed to soothe and hydrate the skin after sun exposure, often containing various synthetic chemicals such as emollients, preservatives, and fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000611Anti Perspirants Or Body Deoderants?Antiperspirants and body deodorants commonly contain synthetic chemicals such as aluminum compounds, parabens, and synthetic fragrances.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000612Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements?Body washing or cleaning implements, such as synthetic sponges, loofahs, and washcloths, can be sources of synthetic chemical contamination due to the materials used in their production.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000613Depilatories?Depilatories are products designed to remove unwanted hair through the application of synthetic chemicals that break down the protein structure of hair, facilitating its removal.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000614Essential Oils Or Perfumes?Essential oils and perfumes are complex mixtures of volatile compounds derived from natural or synthetic sources, commonly used for their aromatic properties.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000615Eye Makeup Products?Eye makeup products, including mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals such as pigments, preservatives, and film-forming agents.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000616Face Mask Cosmetics?Face mask cosmetics often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including preservatives, emulsifiers, and fragrances, which can contribute to chemical contamination.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000618Lip Makeup Products?Lip makeup products, such as lipsticks, lip glosses, and lip liners, often contain a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pigments, preservatives, and emollients.Personal care & cosmeticsPubChem
CEDs000632Apparel?Apparel production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, including dyes, finishing agents, and preservatives.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000642Footwear?Footwear production often involves the use of various synthetic chemicals, such as adhesives, dyes, and treatments, which can contribute to environmental contamination.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000643Headwear?Headwear made from synthetic materials often incorporates chemicals used in the manufacturing and finishing processes, such as dyes, flame retardants, and water repellents.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000650Purses Luggage Hand Bags?Purses, luggage, and handbags are often manufactured using synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, and various types of nylon.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000655Slide Fasteners?Slide fasteners, commonly known as zippers, are mechanical devices used to join two edges of fabric or other materials.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000671Airplanes And Helicopters?Airplanes and helicopters are significant sources of synthetic chemical contamination primarily through the use of aviation fuels, lubricants, and de-icing agents.Aviation & AerospacePubChem
CEDs000678Nitrogenous Fertilisers?Nitrogenous fertilizers are synthetic chemical compounds primarily used to enhance plant growth by supplying essential nitrogen, a crucial nutrient for photosynthesis and protein synthesis.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000679Phosphatic Fertilisers?Phosphatic fertilizers are synthetic chemical products primarily composed of phosphorus, which is essential for plant growth.Agriculture & land managementPubChem
CEDs000685Ceramics?Ceramics can be a source of synthetic chemical contamination through various additives and processing agents used in their production.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000686Clay Wares?Clay wares are ceramic products made from natural clay, often utilized in various construction applications such as tiles, bricks, and sanitary ware.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000688Glass Coatings?Glass coatings are synthetic chemical formulations applied to glass surfaces to enhance properties such as durability, UV resistance, and aesthetic appeal.Building & ConstructionPubChem
CEDs000696Nanotechnology?Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the molecular or atomic level, typically within the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.Industrial manufacturing & chemical processingPubChem
CEDs000739Inks?Inks are complex mixtures composed of pigments or dyes, solvents, resins, and additives used primarily for printing and writing applications.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000740Paper?Paper production involves the processing of wood fibers and the use of various chemicals, which can lead to synthetic chemical contamination.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000741Pigment Pastes?Pigment pastes are concentrated dispersions of pigments used to impart color and properties to materials.Paper, pulp & fiber productsPubChem
CEDs000742Leather Tanning?Leather tanning is a process that transforms raw animal hides into durable leather through the application of various chemicals, including chromium salts, aldehydes, and vegetable tannins.Textiles, leather & furnishingsPubChem
CEDs000743Sludge Treatment?Sludge treatment involves the processing of waste materials generated from wastewater treatment plants, which often contain a variety of organic and inorganic substances.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
CEDs000744Water, Wastewater, & Sewage Treatment?Water, wastewater, and sewage treatment processes are critical for managing and mitigating pollutants in water systems.Wastewater, sanitation & biosolidsPubChem
CEDs01170EggsFood, food processing & cookwarePMC6331280
CEDs01428Edible OilsFood, food processing & cookwarePMC9137556
CEDs01432Dietary FatsFood, food processing & cookwarePMC9137556
Pathways
4 pathwaysPathway Source: PathBank
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Thyroxine-binding globulin structureClick to view 3D structureThyroxine-binding globulinP05543HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structureUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1P22309HumansKnownNot Available
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma structureClick to view 3D structurePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaP37231HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.684
Applicability Domain
1.0
Statistical Significance
6.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
192
E-value
0.467095
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase structureClick to view 3D structureTyrosine 3-monooxygenaseP04177Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.683
Applicability Domain
0.683
Statistical Significance
1.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
0.0778492
Click to view 3D structureSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1Q9ERB5Mus musculusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.654
Applicability Domain
0.744
Statistical Significance
1.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
3
E-value
0.0778492
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha structureClick to view 3D structureThyroid hormone receptor alphaP10827HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.65
Applicability Domain
1.0
Statistical Significance
1.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
27
E-value
0.0778492
Thyroid hormone receptor beta structureClick to view 3D structureThyroid hormone receptor betaP10828HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.65
Applicability Domain
1.0
Statistical Significance
1.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
37
E-value
0.0778492
Thyroid hormone receptor beta structureClick to view 3D structureThyroid hormone receptor betaP18113Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.609
Applicability Domain
1.0
Statistical Significance
1.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
5
E-value
0.0778492
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha structureClick to view 3D structureRetinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaP19793HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.46
Applicability Domain
0.744
Statistical Significance
8.10e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
82
E-value
6.30579
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen structureClick to view 3D structureProliferating cell nuclear antigenP12004HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.454
Applicability Domain
1.0
Statistical Significance
1.00e-05
Supporting Reference Compounds
6
E-value
0.0778492
Transthyretin structureClick to view 3D structureTransthyretinP02766HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.448
Applicability Domain
0.744
Statistical Significance
1.10e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
55
E-value
0.856341
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha structureClick to view 3D structureThyroid hormone receptor alphaP10827HumansKnownNot Available
Prothrombin structureClick to view 3D structureProthrombinP00734HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.372
Applicability Domain
1.0
Statistical Significance
0.013
Supporting Reference Compounds
331
E-value
101.126
Adenosine receptor A1 structureClick to view 3D structureAdenosine receptor A1P30542HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.336
Applicability Domain
1.0
Statistical Significance
0.0125
Supporting Reference Compounds
302
E-value
97.0001
Bile acid receptor structureClick to view 3D structureBile acid receptorQ96RI1HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.331
Applicability Domain
0.744
Statistical Significance
0.0045
Supporting Reference Compounds
94
E-value
35.4214
Click to view 3D structureGlutamate racemaseQ03469Lactobacillus fermentumPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.327
Applicability Domain
0.327
Statistical Significance
6.30e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
4.9045
Click to view 3D structureCytochrome P450A0A0T9WNE5Mycobacterium tuberculosisPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.309
Applicability Domain
0.309
Statistical Significance
2.70e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
2.10193
Click to view 3D structureTrace amine-associated receptor 5O14804HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.309
Applicability Domain
0.309
Statistical Significance
1.30e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
1.01204
Glutamate receptor 2 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor 2P42262HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.302
Applicability Domain
0.333
Statistical Significance
5.10e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
41
E-value
3.97031
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn structureClick to view 3D structureTyrosine-protein kinase FynP06241HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.301
Applicability Domain
0.5
Statistical Significance
0.0884
Supporting Reference Compounds
707
E-value
688.109
Glutamate receptor 2 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor 2P19491Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.299
Applicability Domain
0.333
Statistical Significance
2.50e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
34
E-value
1.94623
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase structureClick to view 3D structureTyrosine 3-monooxygenaseP07101HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.299
Applicability Domain
0.683
Statistical Significance
2.40e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
3
E-value
1.86838
Click to view 3D structureKynureninaseP70712Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.296
Applicability Domain
0.296 Low confidence
Statistical Significance
5.20e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
1
E-value
4.04816
Glutamate receptor 3 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor 3P19492Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.296
Applicability Domain
0.333
Statistical Significance
4.10e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
30
E-value
3.19182
Glutamate receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor 1P19490Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.295
Applicability Domain
0.333
Statistical Significance
0.0033
Supporting Reference Compounds
37
E-value
25.6124
Epidermal growth factor receptor structureClick to view 3D structureEpidermal growth factor receptorP00533HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.289
Applicability Domain
0.5
Statistical Significance
0.1695
Supporting Reference Compounds
1301
E-value
1319.54
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1P22756Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.287
Applicability Domain
0.309
Statistical Significance
9.60e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
45
E-value
7.47353
Glutamate receptor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureGlutamate receptor 1P42261HumansPredicted (SEA)
Prediction Confidence Score
0.287
Applicability Domain
0.309
Statistical Significance
9.50e-04
Supporting Reference Compounds
37
E-value
7.39568
Click to view 3D structureMonocarboxylate transporter 8P36021HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structureMonocarboxylate transporter 10Q8TF71HumansKnownNot Available
Click to view 3D structureSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1Q96BD0HumansKnownNot Available
Transthyretin structureClick to view 3D structureTransthyretinP02766HumansKnownNot Available
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor structureClick to view 3D structureThyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorP34981HumansKnownNot Available
Thyroid hormone receptor beta structureClick to view 3D structureThyroid hormone receptor betaP10828HumansKnownNot Available
Forkhead box protein O1 structureClick to view 3D structureForkhead box protein O1Q12778HumansKnownNot Available
Thyroid hormone receptor beta structureClick to view 3D structureThyroid hormone receptor betaP10828HumansKnownNot Available
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha structureClick to view 3D structureThyroid hormone receptor alphaP10827HumansKnownNot Available
Adenosine receptor A1 structureClick to view 3D structureAdenosine receptor A1P30542HumansKnownNot Available
Progesterone receptor structureClick to view 3D structureProgesterone receptorP06401HumansKnownNot Available
Glucocorticoid receptor structureClick to view 3D structureGlucocorticoid receptorP04150HumansKnownNot Available
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor structureClick to view 3D structureAryl hydrocarbon receptorP35869HumansKnownNot Available
Collagenase 3 structureClick to view 3D structureCollagenase 3P45452HumansKnownNot Available
Estrogen receptor structureClick to view 3D structureEstrogen receptorP03372HumansKnownNot Available
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 structureClick to view 3D structure5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6P50406HumansKnownNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB00279
HMDB IDHMDB0000265
FooDB IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDCPD-10813
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTriiodothyronine
Chemspider IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18258
PubChem Compound ID5920
Kegg Compound IDC02465
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDECMDB24026
References
Synthesis Reference

Martin Beasley, David Hause, Irwin Klein, Charles Pamplin, David Reynolds, Kevin Sills, “Controlled release pharmaceutical compositions of liothyronine and methods of making and using the same.” U.S. Patent US20060246133, issued November 02, 2006.

MSDSLink
General References
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  2. Gil'miiarova FN, Pervova IuV, Radomskaia VM, Gergel' NI, Tarasova SV: [Levels of unified metabolites and thyroid hormones in blood and oral fluid of children with minimal brain dysfunction]. Biomed Khim. 2004 Mar-Apr;50(2):204-10. [PubMed: 15179829]
  3. Stalenheim EG: Long-term validity of biological markers of psychopathy and criminal recidivism: follow-up 6-8 years after forensic psychiatric investigation. Psychiatry Res. 2004 Jan 1;121(3):281-91. [PubMed: 14675747]
  4. Schwartz CE, May MM, Carpenter NJ, Rogers RC, Martin J, Bialer MG, Ward J, Sanabria J, Marsa S, Lewis JA, Echeverri R, Lubs HA, Voeller K, Simensen RJ, Stevenson RE: Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome and the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Jul;77(1):41-53. Epub 2005 May 11. [PubMed: 15889350]
  5. Zimmermann-Belsing T, Dreyer M, Holst JJ, Feldt-Rasmussen U: The relationship between the serum leptin concentrations of thyrotoxic patients during treatment and their total fat mass is different from that of normal subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Nov;49(5):589-95. [PubMed: 10197073]
  6. Holt PJ: In vitro responses of the epidermis to triiodothyronine. J Invest Dermatol. 1978 Sep;71(3):202-4. [PubMed: 690484]
  7. Mizuma H, Murakami M, Mori M: Thyroid hormone activation in human vascular smooth muscle cells: expression of type II iodothyronine deiodinase. Circ Res. 2001 Feb 16;88(3):313-8. [PubMed: 11179199]
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  9. Gledhill RF, Dessein PH, Van der Merwe CA: Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with triiodothyronine corrects co-existent autonomic dysfunction: preliminary findings. Postgrad Med J. 1992 Apr;68(798):263-7. [PubMed: 1409189]
  10. Kassem M, Brixen K, Mosekilde L, Blum WF, Flyvbjerg A: Effects of growth hormone treatment on serum levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins 1-4 in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Dec;49(6):747-56. [PubMed: 10209562]
  11. Llewellyn L, Ramsurn VP, Wigham T, Sweeney GE, Power DM: Cloning, characterisation and expression of the apolipoprotein A-I gene in the sea bream (Sparus aurata). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Nov 8;1442(2-3):399-404. [PubMed: 9804999]
  12. Dutkiewicz S, Witeska A, Nauman A: The deiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in the testes of patients with prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol. 1995;27(1):81-5. [PubMed: 7615374]
  13. Rosenbaum M, Goldsmith R, Bloomfield D, Magnano A, Weimer L, Heymsfield S, Gallagher D, Mayer L, Murphy E, Leibel RL: Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight. J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3579-86. [PubMed: 16322796]
  14. Urcelay E, Jareno MA, Menaya J, Parrilla R, Ayuso MS, Martin-Requero A: Cloning and functional characterization of the 5' regulatory region of the human mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Lack of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine responsiveness in adipose tissue. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Dec;267(24):7209-17. [PubMed: 11106433]
  15. Escobar-Morreale HF, Botella-Carretero JI, Gomez-Bueno M, Galan JM, Barrios V, Sancho J: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy in primary hypothyroidism: a randomized trial comparing L-thyroxine plus liothyronine with L-thyroxine alone. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 15;142(6):412-24. [PubMed: 15767619]
  16. Lebon V, Dufour S, Petersen KF, Ren J, Jucker BM, Slezak LA, Cline GW, Rothman DL, Shulman GI: Effect of triiodothyronine on mitochondrial energy coupling in human skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest. 2001 Sep;108(5):733-7. [PubMed: 11544279]
  17. Iwao H, Abe Y: [Expression of the renin and angiotensinogen genes]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1991 Jan;97(1):1-11. [PubMed: 2045011]
  18. Calvo R, Obregon MJ, Ruiz de Ona C, Escobar del Rey F, Morreale de Escobar G: Congenital hypothyroidism, as studied in rats. Crucial role of maternal thyroxine but not of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the protection of the fetal brain. J Clin Invest. 1990 Sep;86(3):889-99. [PubMed: 2394838]
  19. Haas MJ, Fishman M, Mreyoud A, Mooradian AD: Thyroid hormone responsive protein (THRP) mediates thyroid hormone-induced cytotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures. Exp Brain Res. 2005 Jan;160(4):424-32. Epub 2004 Oct 15. [PubMed: 15490139]