Propyl gallate (CHEM003806)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-09-11 05:19:10 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 19:21:45 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003806
Identification
Common NamePropyl gallate
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Propyl gallate is found in corn. Propyl gallate is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils. Synergistic with other antioxidants such as Butylated hydroxyanisole DNB28-K and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol HCH42-H. Especially effective with polyunsaturated fats. Indirect food additive arising from paper or board packaging, adhesives and food contact polymers Propyl gallate is an anti-oxidant. It protects against oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals, in a catalytic manner similar to superoxide dismutase. Propyl gallate, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol. It is an antioxidant added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation.[citation needed] As a food additive, it is used under the E number E310. Propyl gallate has been shown to exhibit pro-oxidant and radical scavenger functions (1, 2).
Contaminant Sources
  • EAFUS Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HPV EPA Chemicals
  • T3DB toxins
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant Type
  • Ester
  • Ether
  • Food Additive
  • Food Toxin
  • Household Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Plant Toxin
Chemical Structure
MOLSDF3D SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
Propyl gallic acidGenerator
Gallate, propylMeSH
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylateHMDB
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid N-propyl esterHMDB
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl esterHMDB
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl esterHMDB
Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl esterHMDB
e310HMDB
FEMA 2947HMDB
Gallic acid N-propyl esterHMDB
Gallic acid propyl esterHMDB
Gallic acid, propyl esterHMDB
N-Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoateHMDB
N-Propyl ester OF 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acidHMDB
N-Propyl gallateHMDB
N-Propyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoateHMDB
N-Propyl-gallateHMDB
Nipa 49HMDB
Nipagallin PHMDB
Nipanox S 1HMDB
PGHMDB
pro Gallin PHMDB
Progallin PHMDB
Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoateHMDB
Propyl galiateHMDB
Propyl gallate (NF)HMDB
Propylester kyseliny galloveHMDB
Sustane PGHMDB
Tenox PGHMDB
Propyl gallateKEGG
N-Propyl gallic acidGenerator
Chemical FormulaC10H12O5
Average Molecular Mass212.199 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass212.068 g/mol
CAS Registry Number121-79-9
IUPAC Namepropyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Traditional Namepropyl gallate
SMILESCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C10H12O5/c1-2-3-15-10(14)6-4-7(11)9(13)8(12)5-6/h4-5,11-13H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI KeyZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as galloyl esters. These are organic compounds that contain an ester derivative of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentGalloyl esters
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Galloyl ester
  • P-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl ester
  • M-hydroxybenzoic acid ester
  • P-hydroxybenzoic acid ester
  • Benzoate ester
  • Benzenetriol
  • Pyrogallol derivative
  • Benzoyl
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Polyol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point150 °C
Boiling PointDecomposes
Solubility3.5 mg/mL at 25 °C
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.71 g/LALOGPS
logP1.84ALOGPS
logP1.95ChemAxon
logS-2.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.11ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-5.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area86.99 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity53.3 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability21.21 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB12450
HMDB IDHMDB0033835
FooDB IDFDB012003
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDCPD-6542
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPropyl gallate
Chemspider ID4778
ChEBI IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID4947
Kegg Compound IDC11155
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSLink
General References
1. Kawanishi S, Oikawa S, Murata M: Evaluation for safety of antioxidant chemopreventive agents. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Nov-Dec;7(11-12):1728-39.
2. Baker JE, Lieberman M, Anderson JD: Inhibition of ethylene production in fruit slices by a rhizobitoxine analog and free radical scavengers. Plant Physiol. 1978 Jun;61(6):886-8.
3. Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.