D-Xylose (CHEM003882)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-09-11 05:22:47 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 19:05:57 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003882
Identification
Common NameD-Xylose
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Xylose or wood sugar is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is found in the embryos of most edible plants. The polysaccharide xylan, which is closely associated with cellulose, consists practically entirely of d-xylose. Corncobs, cottonseed hulls, pecan shells, and straw contain considerable amounts of this sugar. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and/or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. (Wikipedia).
Contaminant Sources
  • Cosmetic Chemicals
  • EAFUS Chemicals
  • FooDB Chemicals
  • HMDB Contaminants - Feces
  • HMDB Contaminants - Urine
  • HPV EPA Chemicals
  • STOFF IDENT Compounds
  • T3DB toxins
  • ToxCast & Tox21 Chemicals
Contaminant Type
  • Food Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Plant Toxin
Chemical Structure
MOLSDF3D SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
(3R,4S,5R)-Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrolChEBI
D-(+)-XyloseChEBI
D-XylopentoseChEBI
Wood sugarChEBI
Xylo-pfanKegg
D-Xylo-pentoseHMDB
XylomedHMDB
XyloseHMDB
XylosideHMDB
XylopyranoseHMDB
D XyloseHMDB
D-XylopyranoseHMDB
Aldehydo-D-xyloseHMDB
D-XyloseChEBI
Chemical FormulaC5H10O5
Average Molecular Mass150.130 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass150.053 g/mol
CAS Registry Number58-86-6
IUPAC Name(3R,4S,5R)-oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Traditional Named-xylose
SMILESO[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-2-1-10-5(9)4(8)3(2)7/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5?/m1/s1
InChI KeySRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentoses. These are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentPentoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Lysosome
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Erythrocyte
  • Small Intestine
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point90.5 °C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility555.0 mg/mL
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1220 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.6ALOGPS
logP-2.3ChemAxon
logS0.91ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.31ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area90.15 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity29.96 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.43 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureNot Available
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesNot Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0000098
FooDB IDFDB005944
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00007290
BiGG ID34162
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID314
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkXylose
Chemspider ID119104
ChEBI ID53455
PubChem Compound ID135191
Kegg Compound IDC00181
YMDB IDYMDB00779
ECMDB IDECMDB00098
References
Synthesis ReferenceLavarack, B. P.; Griffin, G.; Rodman, D. Optimizing the autohydrolysis of bagasse to extract D-xylose. Proceedings of the Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (1999), 21st 394-400.
MSDSLink
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=13338266
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17979222
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=22770225
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23279585
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23359361
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23721368
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23872280
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24053822
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24065156
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24643482
11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25108762
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=7540499
13. Lavarack, B. P.; Griffin, G.; Rodman, D. Optimizing the autohydrolysis of bagasse to extract D-xylose. Proceedings of the Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (1999), 21st 394-400.
14. Lavarack, B. P.; Griffin, G.; Rodman, D. Optimizing the autohydrolysis of bagasse to extract D-xylose. Proceedings of the Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (1999), 21st 394-400.
15. Saliba F, Hagipantelli R, Misset JL, Bastian G, Vassal G, Bonnay M, Herait P, Cote C, Mahjoubi M, Mignard D, Cvitkovic E: Pathophysiology and therapy of irinotecan-induced delayed-onset diarrhea in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a prospective assessment. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2745-51.
16. Weiner R, Dietze F, Laue R: Age-dependent alterations of intestinal absorption. II. A clinical study using a modified D-xylose absorption test. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1984 Jul;3(2):97-108.
17. Molina JM, Tourneur M, Sarfati C, Chevret S, de Gouvello A, Gobert JG, Balkan S, Derouin F: Fumagillin treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 20;346(25):1963-9.
18. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38.
19. Kost S, Keinert K, Glaser FH: [D-xylose test of resorption as a method to determine radiation side effects in the small intestine]. Strahlenther Onkol. 1998 Sep;174(9):462-7.
20. Weiner R, Laue R, Dietze F: [Enteral resorption kinetics in the aging process]. Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1986 Mar 1;41(5):152-8.
21. Ehrenpreis ED, Salvino M, Craig RM: Improving the serum D-xylose test for the identification of patients with small intestinal malabsorption. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):36-40.
22. Weiner R: [Characteristics of disease and involution-induced changes in intestinal absorption]. Z Alternsforsch. 1986 Jul-Aug;41(4):219-24.
23. Weiner R, Laue R, Dietze F, Hartig W: A modified D-xylose absorption test. Infusionsther Klin Ernahr. 1984 Dec;11(6):333-7.
24. Horvath K, Horn G, Bingadeem H, Nemes Nagy A, Bodanszky H: [The value of the d-xylose loading test in the diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes]. Orv Hetil. 1990 Aug 19;131(33):1803-6, 1809.
25. Wang SC, You RD: [Clinical and experimental study on treatment of anorexy in children with the activating spleen prescription]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1991 Feb;11(2):75-8, 67.
26. Thiele I, Swainston N, Fleming RM, Hoppe A, Sahoo S, Aurich MK, Haraldsdottir H, Mo ML, Rolfsson O, Stobbe MD, Thorleifsson SG, Agren R, Bolling C, Bordel S, Chavali AK, Dobson P, Dunn WB, Endler L, Hala D, Hucka M, Hull D, Jameson D, Jamshidi N, Jonsson JJ, Juty N, Keating S, Nookaew I, Le Novere N, Malys N, Mazein A, Papin JA, Price ND, Selkov E Sr, Sigurdsson MI, Simeonidis E, Sonnenschein N, Smallbone K, Sorokin A, van Beek JH, Weichart D, Goryanin I, Nielsen J, Westerhoff HV, Kell DB, Mendes P, Palsson BO: A community-driven global reconstruction of human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2013 May;31(5):419-25. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2488. Epub 2013 Mar 3.