Dexamethasone (CED0000662)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2014-10-14 21:18:42 UTC
Update Date2026-08-21 22:47:57 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM003936
Identification
Common NameDexamethasone
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Dexamethasone belongs to the hydroxysteroids, a subclass of steroids and steroid derivatives within the organic compounds. This endogenous solid has the formula C22H29FO5 and an average molecular weight of 392.46 g/mol. It is classified as a biological glucocorticoid (PMC8243632), corticosteroid (PMC7381292), and drug (PMC8472490) that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent (PMC12962701) and anti-inflammatory drug (PMC3791326, PMC6829358). Its protein targets include Annexin A1 (ANXA1), the Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 (NR0B1), and inducible Nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), among others. Dexamethasone is found in 30 recorded sources, including drinking water, food preservation, various electrical and electronic equipment, household cleaning and consumer products such as tobacco smoke filters, perfumes within detergents and soaps, and cigar cigarettes. It is also present in healthcare, pharmaceutical, and veterinary products, including vasoprotectives, anti-acne preparations, and corticosteroids. Recorded exposure routes include oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intralesional, intraocular, intravitreal, intrathecal, intracaudal, epidural, infiltration, perineural, dental, auricular, parenteral, soft tissue, and inhalation (PMC8406542). Therapeutically, it is used for the treatment of COVID-19 (PMC10893528, PMC7470720, PMC7834521, PMC8022295, PMC8243632, PMC8451976, PMC9380879), multiple myeloma (PMC10022849, PMC10040899, PMC11172882, PMC11473584, PMC11584757, PMC11637717, PMC12014722, PMC12025247), rheumatoid arthritis (PMC2701446, PMC7736172), anemia (PMC3977019), conjunctivitis (PMC9229942), inflammation (PMC3791326), fever (PMC4718299), and pain (PMC4718299). It has therapeutic effects on asthma (PMC7719435), vomiting (PMC7457994), and nausea (PMC7457994). Associated health effects include hypertension (PMC2822858, PMC5083756), cardiomyopathy (PMC2822858), weight gain (PMC7451114), neutropenia (PMC11215383, PMC3227886, PMC3699390, PMC4131249, PMC4559079, PMC6593978, PMC7581128, PMC8979809, PMC9250185), thrombocytopenia (PMC11795829, PMC3227886, PMC3699390, PMC4559079, PMC6593978, PMC7581128, PMC9250185), neuropathic pain (PMC4559079), bleeding (PMC6593978), pneumonia (PMC3227886, PMC3699390, PMC4131249), fatigue (PMC3699390, PMC4131249), and rash (PMC4131249).
Contaminant Type
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agent
  • Antiemetic
  • Antineoplastic Agent, Hormonal
  • Drug
  • Glucocorticoid
  • Human Neurotoxin
  • Metabolite
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-Dehydro-16alpha-methyl-9alpha-fluorohydrocortisoneChEBI
16alpha-Methyl-9alpha-fluoro-1-dehydrocortisolChEBI
9alpha-Fluoro-16alpha-methylprednisoloneChEBI
DecadronChEBI
DexametasonaChEBI
DexamethasonumChEBI
MaxidexKegg
1-Dehydro-16a-methyl-9a-fluorohydrocortisoneGenerator
1-Dehydro-16α-methyl-9α-fluorohydrocortisoneGenerator
16a-Methyl-9a-fluoro-1-dehydrocortisolGenerator
16Α-methyl-9α-fluoro-1-dehydrocortisolGenerator
9a-Fluoro-16a-methylprednisoloneGenerator
9Α-fluoro-16α-methylprednisoloneGenerator
1-Dehydro-16alpha -methyl-9alpha -fluorohydrocortisoneHMDB
16-alpha-Methyl-9-alpha-fluoro-1-dehydrocortisolHMDB
16-alpha-Methyl-9-alpha-fluoro-delta1-hydrocortisoneHMDB
16-alpha-Methyl-9-alpha-fluoroprednisoloneHMDB
16alpha -Methyl-9alpha -fluoro-1-dehydrocortisolHMDB
16alpha -Methyl-9alpha -fluoroprednisoloneHMDB
16alpha-Methyl-9alpha-fluoroprednisoloneHMDB
9-alpha-Fluoro-16-alpha-methylprednisoloneHMDB
9-Fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dioneHMDB
9-Fluoro-11alpha -methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dioneHMDB
9-Fluoro-16-methylprednisoloneHMDB
9a-Fluoro-16BETA-methylprednisoloneHMDB
9alpha -Fluoro-16alpha -methylprednisoloneHMDB
9alpha-Fluoro-16alpha-methyl-prednisoloneHMDB
Aeroseb-DHMDB
Aeroseb-dexHMDB
Ak dex OPH otic soln 0.1%HMDB
alpha -Fluoro-16-alpha -methylcortisolHMDB
AnaflogisticoHMDB
AphtasolonHMDB
Apo-dexamethasoneHMDB
AuxironHMDB
Azimycin (veterinary)HMDB
AziumHMDB
Azium (veterinary)HMDB
Bisu DSHMDB
CalonatHMDB
CorsonHMDB
CorsoneHMDB
CortisummanHMDB
DecacortinHMDB
DecadermHMDB
DecagelHMDB
DecalixHMDB
DecasoneHMDB
DecasprayHMDB
DectancylHMDB
DekacortHMDB
Delta1-9alpha-Fluoro-16alpha-methylcortisolHMDB
DeltafluoreneHMDB
DergraminHMDB
DesadreneHMDB
DesametasoneHMDB
DesamethasoneHMDB
DesametonHMDB
DeseronilHMDB
DEXHMDB
Dex-ideHMDB
DEXAHMDB
Dexa mamalletHMDB
Dexa-cortideltHMDB
Dexa-cortisylHMDB
Dexa-scherosonHMDB
Dexa-sineHMDB
DexacidinHMDB
DexacortHMDB
DexacortalHMDB
DexacortinHMDB
DexadeltoneHMDB
DexafarmaHMDB
DexalonaHMDB
DexametasoneHMDB
DexamethHMDB
DexamethansoneHMDB
Dexamethasone acetateHMDB
Dexamethasone alcoholHMDB
Dexamethasone baseHMDB
Dexamethasone intensolHMDB
Dexamethasone sodium phosphateHMDB
Dexamethasone-omegaHMDB
DexamethazoneHMDB
DexapolcortHMDB
DexaposHMDB
DexaprolHMDB
DexasonHMDB
DexasoneHMDB
Dexasone 0.5MGHMDB
Dexasone 0.75MGHMDB
Dexasone 4MGHMDB
DexasporinHMDB
DexinolonHMDB
DexinoralHMDB
DexoneHMDB
DEXONE 0.5HMDB
DEXONE 0.75HMDB
DEXONE 1.5HMDB
DEXONE 4HMDB
DextelanHMDB
DezoneHMDB
DinormonHMDB
DXMHMDB
DXMSHMDB
FluormethylprednisoloneHMDB
FortecortinHMDB
GammacortenHMDB
HexadecadrolHMDB
HexadrolHMDB
Hexadrol elixirHMDB
HL-DexHMDB
Isopto-dexHMDB
Lokalison FHMDB
LoverineHMDB
LuxazoneHMDB
Maxidex ont 0.1%HMDB
Maxidex sus 0.1%HMDB
MaxitrolHMDB
MediamethasoneHMDB
MethylfluorprednisoloneHMDB
MexidexHMDB
MymethasoneHMDB
Naquasone (veterinary)HMDB
Neomycin and polymyxin b sulfates and dexamethasoneHMDB
Neomycin and polymyxin b sulphates and dexamethasoneHMDB
NSC 34521HMDB
Ocu-trolHMDB
OradexonHMDB
Pet derm IIIHMDB
PHL-DexamethasoneHMDB
PMS Dexamethasone elixir 0.5mg/5MLHMDB
PMS-DexamethasoneHMDB
PolicortHMDB
Prednisolon FHMDB
Prednisolone FHMDB
ProdexHMDB
Sandoz dexamethasoneHMDB
SK-DexamethasoneHMDB
SpolovenHMDB
Sunia sol DHMDB
SuperprednolHMDB
TobradexHMDB
Tobramycin and dexamethasoneHMDB
Tresaderm (veterinary)HMDB
TurbinaireHMDB
VisumetazoneHMDB
MillicortenHMDB
Decaject-l.a.HMDB
DecamethHMDB
DexpakHMDB
Foy brand OF dexamethasoneHMDB
Merz brand 1 OF dexamethasoneHMDB
Merz brand 2 OF dexamethasoneHMDB
ICN brand OF dexamethasoneHMDB
Alcon brand OF dexamethasoneHMDB
DecajectHMDB
Decaject l.a.HMDB
ECR brand OF dexamethasoneHMDB
Merck brand OF dexamethasoneHMDB
Chemical FormulaC22H29FO5
Average Molecular Mass392.461 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass392.200 g/mol
CAS Registry Number50-02-2
IUPAC Name(1R,2S,10S,11S,13R,14R,15S,17S)-1-fluoro-14,17-dihydroxy-14-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-2,13,15-trimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadeca-3,6-dien-5-one
Traditional Namedexamethasone
SMILES[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]1(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1
InChI KeyUREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassHydroxysteroids
Direct Parent21-hydroxysteroids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Progestogin-skeleton
  • 21-hydroxysteroid
  • Pregnane-skeleton
  • 20-oxosteroid
  • 3-oxo-delta-1,4-steroid
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • 17-hydroxysteroid
  • 11-hydroxysteroid
  • 11-beta-hydroxysteroid
  • 9-halo-steroid
  • Halo-steroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • Delta-1,4-steroid
  • Alpha-hydroxy ketone
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Fluorohydrin
  • Halohydrin
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Primary alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alkyl halide
  • Alkyl fluoride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginEndogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point170-229 °C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility89 mg/L (at 25 °C)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.05 g/LALOGPS
logP1.93ALOGPS
logP1.68ChemAxon
logS-3.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.42ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area94.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity102.49 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.83 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-02ai-2923000000-e31987dc12e5a702a42eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-2414490000-490d5cc0ad1eca76d44eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4r-0696000000-1df7921eb1369fef69c4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-3960000000-e9ee044790c0655981b1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-01ot-0904000000-dbbc479b104fbe981ce7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0903000000-c84b561c97b1277fed56Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0903000000-b498846e21073040b905Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0900000000-b04e175289861dc518f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0900000000-b04e175289861dc518f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-01ot-0904000000-dbbc479b104fbe981ce7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0903000000-c84b561c97b1277fed56Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0903000000-b498846e21073040b905Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006w-0719000000-d4feef3f83ca022aa94dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0913000000-3c8e5afb526637f1e822Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0910000000-57f268bed9b190ee6066Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0900000000-cfdda545a27ec16c8b76Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0900000000-c70817ad99741f01b675Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0009000000-ecbabc9fe90444b14afeNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fr-0019000000-4161bdd8f3deed25b9bcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002r-0594000000-bf4495b7906d53ad019dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00ds-0980000000-c4e88ec70fa28252f6f7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fs-0930000000-8022e38d862953c2551bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fs-1920000000-6f1a7ac153a363c2aa73Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00tf-1910000000-e34981c957b125a39447Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fr-0019000000-285cd2de8c812f1c5e55Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002r-0593000000-bd52212afb3af2380901Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00ds-0980000000-ff265e4738c79efad9e3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0940000000-818b114d12290dc23743Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fs-1930000000-9e4283fb9c2780729f55Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05dm-1920000000-0f41e220b5d3d1abe699Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0009000000-cf986616b1138d5569c7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dl-0009000000-431895662c53cadb563cNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4r-0498000000-233b2490f89112ad539eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000j-0791000000-c83a21019f43596e6804Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0970000000-36eebd63d78f040ae67fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0940000000-730013951a30cf080ad4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4r-0696000000-1df7921eb1369fef69c4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-3960000000-e9ee044790c0655981b1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000j-0791000000-c0838e7f02811fe8dde5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0970000000-f9a6b3eadbc6decdcf78Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4r-0498000000-88a84f5701018f8c8566Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-0492000000-0da6f331454c287b0c18Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0900000000-b04e175289861dc518f1Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0940000000-730013951a30cf080ad4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0970000000-36eebd63d78f040ae67fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fr-0019000000-142116174ffc6ae653d2Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0009000000-cf9e9a56ee9770970ab2Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0900000000-cfdda545a27ec16c8b76Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002r-0594000000-bf4495b7906d53ad019dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00ds-0980000000-ff265e4738c79efad9e3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0940000000-818b114d12290dc23743Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00ds-0980000000-c4e88ec70fa28252f6f7Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0910000000-57f268bed9b190ee6066Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-006w-0719000000-d4feef3f83ca022aa94dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0009000000-e39ed85235ac278deaf3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fs-1930000000-9e4283fb9c2780729f55Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0913000000-3c8e5afb526637f1e822Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dl-0009000000-431895662c53cadb563cNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fr-0019000000-12bf79014e2c6401fc67Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002r-0593000000-bd52212afb3af2380901Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0900000000-c70817ad99741f01b675Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4r-0498000000-233b2490f89112ad539eNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fs-1920000000-6f1a7ac153a363c2aa73Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0903000000-b498846e21073040b905Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0903000000-c84b561c97b1277fed56Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fs-0930000000-8022e38d862953c2551bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000j-0791000000-c83a21019f43596e6804Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0abi-1359000000-b0d2ed9aa284afd839dcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-009b-1792000000-460b6ac5aae21180b72bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0abi-0259000000-161ade4884cb43d896d3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0604-2940000000-aa86cbc9a44511a8d2ebNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-000b-1893000000-19d366a1ad8653217587Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-0940000000-5a79f305d5c33cd3c38bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fs-2970000000-7f1ac4069487d777dc98Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-03di-0009000000-7adbbb206239045cde50Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-03di-0009000000-972ed7af2cdb3ddac1a0Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-002f-0009000000-6926653590903a3ace6cNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-06vl-0019000000-301b3962f9291bee1ee9Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0g4r-1294000000-8f3712f110452655373eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0009000000-a4ddb0d0eed36d96b76fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05uu-1009000000-badd4f30582cf375bbdfNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-8019000000-2bad3a1904cfc0e5431fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-054o-0009000000-3702a20eae7c02129c8dNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-01ec-0329000000-4bf118d6006bbe37897eNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-052r-3592000000-3398f331604edab7af4cNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-03e9-0009000000-8f2ff94364bde578948fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-0009000000-c53af86e47eae3fd458cNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0kai-1009000000-350faaa7d5aecf256744Not AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Mechanism of ToxicityDexamethasone is a glucocorticoid agonist. Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. This complex binds to DNA elements (glucocorticoid response elements) which results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of dexamethasone are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Oral, rat LD50: >3 gm/kg. Signs of overdose include retinal toxicity, glaucoma, subcapsular cataract, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, aseptic bone necrosis, osteoporosis, myopathies, obesity, edemas, hypertension, proteinuria, diabetes, sleep disturbances, psychiatric syndromes, delayed wound healing, atrophy and fragility of the skin, ecchymosis, and pseudotumor cerebri.
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueUnitValue RangeOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalReference
674.0Log mg/kg[380:1200]RatLD50oralpredictedNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionReference
lung canceris_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC6936241
hypertensionassociated_withNot AvailablePMC2822858 , PMC5083756 , PMC5083756
inflammationhas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC3791326
inflammationis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC3791326
anemiais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC3977019
anemiaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC9250185
osteoporosisassociated_withincreasePMC12371263
fatigueassociated_withNot AvailablePMC3699390 , PMC4131249
multiple myelomais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC10022849 , PMC10040899 , PMC11172882 , PMC11172882 , PMC11473584 , PMC11584757 , PMC11584757 , PMC11637717 , PMC12014722 , PMC12025247
multiple myelomahas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC4352933
asthmahas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC7719435
rheumatoid arthritisis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC2701446 , PMC7736172
diarrheaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC7598776
neutropeniaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC11215383 , PMC3227886 , PMC3699390 , PMC4131249 , PMC4131249 , PMC4559079 , PMC6593978 , PMC7581128 , PMC8979809 , PMC9250185
thrombocytopeniaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC11795829 , PMC3227886 , PMC3699390 , PMC4559079 , PMC6593978 , PMC7581128 , PMC9250185
neuropathic painassociated_withNot AvailablePMC4559079
feveris_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC4718299
bleedingassociated_withNot AvailablePMC6593978
painis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC4718299
weight gainassociated_withincreasePMC7451114
coughhas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC8174414
gastroenteritisassociated_withNot AvailablePMC12014722
respiratory failureassociated_withNot AvailablePMC9250185
cardiomyopathyassociated_withNot AvailablePMC2822858
COVID-19is_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC10893528 , PMC7470720 , PMC7834521 , PMC8022295 , PMC8243632 , PMC8451976 , PMC9380879 , PMC9380879
COVID-19has_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC7719435
lymphomais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC9323819
nauseahas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC7457994
nauseaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC4131249
vomitinghas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC7457994
edemaassociated_withdecreasePMC3699390
rashassociated_withNot AvailablePMC4131249
pneumoniaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC3227886 , PMC3699390 , PMC4131249
acute pancreatitisassociated_withNot AvailablePMC3699390
acute renal failureis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC3227886
osteoarthritisis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC12962701
renal insufficiencyhas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC6355407
hyperglycemiaassociated_withincreasePMC3699390 , PMC8174414
conjunctivitisis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC9229942
confusionassociated_withdecreasePMC3699390
muscle weaknessassociated_withdecreasePMC3699390
leukopeniaassociated_withNot AvailablePMC9250185
urticariais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC9979891
osteonecrosisassociated_withdecreasePMC7533007
pulmonary embolismassociated_withNot AvailablePMC3042271
pulmonary hypertensionis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC7705367
plasma cell leukemiais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC6223128 , PMC9387011
mantle cell lymphomais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC4725701
POEMS syndromeis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC7238582 , PMC9387014 , PMC9387014
otitis externais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC10534465
smoldering myelomais_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC11404760 , PMC11404760
amyloidosisis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC3789465
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
10InsecticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
115Drinking waterDrinking water & water supplyNot Available
241Stomatological preparationsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
292VasoprotectivesHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
309CorticosteroidsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
311Corticosteroids, combinations with antibioticsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
314Anti-acne preparationsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
389Nasal preparationsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
396Antiinflammatory agentsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
397Antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combinationHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
406OtologicalsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
407Ophthalmological and otological preparationsHealthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary productsNot Available
505AmplifiersElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
506AntennasElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
508CoilsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive MaterialsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
513Cores Yokes Or ArmaturesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
516Electric Hearing AidsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
517Electric SwitchesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
518Electrically Stimulated Smoking DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
519ElectrodesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
521Fixed Capacitors And Their ManufactureElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
524Hybrid CapacitorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
530Radio Transmission SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
537Television SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
540X Ray TubesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
545Food PreservationFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
556Cigar CigarettesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
560Other Smoking RequisitesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
561Perfumes Within Detergents And SoapsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
569Tobacco Smoke FiltersHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
578Making CigarsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco ProductsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
581Paper Making MachinesIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
605Pest RepellantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
606Plant Growth RegulatorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
607Rodenticides(1)Agriculture & land managementNot Available
608RodenticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
609AftershavePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
610Aftersun ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
611Anti Perspirants Or Body DeoderantsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
613DepilatoriesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
615Eye Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
616Face Mask CosmeticsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
617Lip Care ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
618Lip Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
630ToysRecreation & sports surfacesNot Available
632ApparelTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
642FootwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
643HeadwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
650Purses Luggage Hand BagsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
662Yarns Or ThreadsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
Pathways
2 pathways
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Glucocorticoid receptor structureClick to view 3D structureGlucocorticoid receptorP04150HumansPredicted (SEA)0.0778492
Click to view 3D structureTyrosine aminotransferaseP04694Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)0.155698
Progesterone receptor structureClick to view 3D structureProgesterone receptorP06401HumansPredicted (SEA)0.389246
Click to view 3D structureProgesterone receptorQ690N0Bos taurusPredicted (SEA)0.155698
Click to view 3D structureGlucocorticoid receptorP06536Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)0.467095
Interstitial collagenase structureClick to view 3D structureInterstitial collagenaseP03956HumansPredicted (SEA)7.00643
Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial structureClick to view 3D structurePyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrialP11498HumansPredicted (SEA)0.0778492
Click to view 3D structureNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2Q9R1A7Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)0.0778492
Mineralocorticoid receptor structureClick to view 3D structureMineralocorticoid receptorP08235HumansPredicted (SEA)2.02408
Click to view 3D structureAndrogen receptorP15207Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)5.91654
Androgen receptor structureClick to view 3D structureAndrogen receptorP10275HumansPredicted (SEA)14.48
Bile salt export pump structureClick to view 3D structureBile salt export pumpO95342HumansPredicted (SEA)3.73676
Estrogen receptor structureClick to view 3D structureEstrogen receptorP03372HumansPredicted (SEA)40.8708
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated structureClick to view 3D structurePhospholipase A2, membrane associatedP14555HumansPredicted (SEA)5.0602
Protein kinase C delta type structureClick to view 3D structureProtein kinase C delta typeQ05655HumansPredicted (SEA)322.451
Protein kinase C eta type structureClick to view 3D structureProtein kinase C eta typeP24723HumansPredicted (SEA)66.3275
Protein kinase C epsilon type structureClick to view 3D structureProtein kinase C epsilon typeQ02156HumansPredicted (SEA)91.3171
Protein kinase C alpha type structureClick to view 3D structureProtein kinase C alpha typeP17252HumansPredicted (SEA)82.1309
Estrogen receptor beta structureClick to view 3D structureEstrogen receptor betaQ92731HumansPredicted (SEA)53.7938
Corticosteroid-binding globulin structureClick to view 3D structureCorticosteroid-binding globulinP08185HumansPredicted (SEA)15.8812
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta structureClick to view 3D structureInhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit betaO14920HumansPredicted (SEA)240.243
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase structureClick to view 3D structureRAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinaseP31749HumansPredicted (SEA)530.542
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha structureClick to view 3D structurecAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alphaP17612HumansPredicted (SEA)513.571
Rho-associated protein kinase 2 structureClick to view 3D structureRho-associated protein kinase 2O75116HumansPredicted (SEA)586.36
Rho-associated protein kinase 1 structureClick to view 3D structureRho-associated protein kinase 1Q13464HumansPredicted (SEA)591.576
Glucocorticoid receptor structureClick to view 3D structureGlucocorticoid receptorP04150HumansKnownNot Available
Annexin A1 structureClick to view 3D structureAnnexin A1P04083HumansKnownNot Available
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible structureClick to view 3D structureNitric oxide synthase, inducibleP35228HumansKnownNot Available
Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1 structureClick to view 3D structureNuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 1P51843HumansKnownNot Available
Androgen receptor structureClick to view 3D structureAndrogen receptorP10275HumansKnownNot Available
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor structureClick to view 3D structureAryl hydrocarbon receptorP35869HumansKnownNot Available
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 structureClick to view 3D structureNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2O75469HumansKnownNot Available
Concentrations
StatusValueUnitSample LocationReference
External Links
DrugBank IDDB01234
HMDB IDHMDB0015364
FooDB IDFDB001355
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkDexamethasone
Chemspider ID5541
ChEBI ID41879
PubChem Compound ID5743
Kegg Compound IDC15643
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDNot Available
References
Synthesis Reference

Fried, J.; US. Patent 2,852.51 1; September 16, 1958; assigned to Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation.
Muller, G., Bardoneschi, R. and Jolly, J.; U.S. Patent 3,007,923; November 7, 1961; assigned to Les Laboratories Francais de Chimiotherapie, France.

MSDSNot Available
General References
1. Bisgaard T: Analgesic treatment after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a critical assessment of the evidence. Anesthesiology. 2006 Apr;104(4):835-46.
2. Chisti MJ, Bardhan PK, Huq S, Khan WA, Khan AM, Sharifuzzaman, Salam MA: High-dose intravenous dexamethasone in the management of diarrheal patients with enteric fever and encephalopathy. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2009 Sep;40(5):1065-73.
3. Ross DD, Alexander CS: Management of common symptoms in terminally ill patients: Part I. Fatigue, anorexia, cachexia, nausea and vomiting. Am Fam Physician. 2001 Sep 1;64(5):807-14.
4. Belanto JJ, Diaz-Perez SV, Magyar CE, Maxwell MM, Yilmaz Y, Topp K, Boso G, Jamieson CH, Cacalano NA, Jamieson CA: Dexamethasone induces dysferlin in myoblasts and enhances their myogenic differentiation. Neuromuscul Disord. 2010 Feb;20(2):111-21. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.12.003. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
5. Liu JZ, Huang YH, Hand PJ: Effects of dexamethasone on electroacupuncture analgesia and central nervous system metabolism. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1988;13(1):9-23.
6. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9.
7. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10.
8. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20.
9. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621.
10. Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
11. The lipid handbook with CD-ROM
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11508649
13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18272184
14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18524938