Epinephrine (CED0000785)

Epinephrine (C9H13NO3) is an organic compound with an average molecular weight of 183.20 g/mol. Epinephrine belongs to the benzenediols, a subclass of phenols within the organic compounds. Biologically, it serves as a neurotransmitter (PMC11721280, PMC12293634, PMC2783905). It acts as an agonist/agonist or antagonist/antagonist for several protein targets, including the Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A), Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1), Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (ADRA1B), and four other proteins. The compound is released from or found in 43 recorded sources across multiple sectors. These include healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products (such as nasal preparations, cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides, drugs for obstructive airway diseases, stomatological preparations, and Vitamin k and other hemostatics); food, food processing & cookware (including food preservation, fermentation processes for beer, and the preparation of malt, vinegar, wine or sparkling wine); household cleaning & consumer products (such as bleaching agents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, cigar cigarettes, non electric simulated smoking devices, and other smoking requisites); electrical & electronic equipment (including amplifiers, antennas, coils, conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials, and electric hearing aids); building & construction (tents or canopies, ladders, and ceilings); and indoor air. Recorded exposure routes include oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, inhalation, nasal, topical, sublingual, endotracheal, epidural, infiltration, intracardiac, intracaudal, intraocular, intraspinal, iontophoresis, ophthalmic, parenteral, perineural, periodontal, respiratory, retrobulbar, and submucosal. Epinephrine is used as a treatment for asthma (PMC11459094), shock (PMC10169116), hypotension (PMC7287907), and food allergy (PMC11037442). It has a therapeutic effect on bleeding (PMC7388630). Health associations include hypoglycemia (PMC6066785), tachycardia (PMC12193306), hypertension (PMC12193306, PMC8669078), an increase in blood pressure (PMC8983065), and an increase in fatigue (PMC11955606). Additionally, epinephrine is detected in urine in cases of pheochromocytoma (PMC1492602) and is decreased in blood in hypertension (PMC6720215).