Sulfur dioxide (CED0001217)

Sulfur dioxide (O2S) has an average molecular weight of 64.06 g/mol. Sulfur dioxide belongs to the other non-metal oxides, a subclass of other non-metal organides within the inorganic compounds. Industrially, the compound is utilized as a fragrance, biocide, dye, and as a flavouring and nutrient (PMC11732501). It further serves as an industrial catalyst (PMC8934023), an industrial antimicrobial agent (PMC13104097), and an industrial reducing agent (PMC6009310), as well as both an industrial and biological antioxidant (PMC11732501). The compound is released from 50 recorded sources, including electrical and electronic equipment such as antennas, amplifiers, communication cables or conductors, coils, and auxiliary devices. Other sources include building and construction materials like ceilings, floors, fencing, and tents or canopies; household cleaning and consumer products including bleaching agents, pipe accessories, cigar cigarettes, other smoking requisites, and perfumes within detergents and soaps; and food, food processing and cookware, including food preservation, cellar tools, the preparation of malt, molasses and treatment of molasses, and fermentation processes for beer. Literature supports inhalation as a route of exposure (PMC4129148). Health effects associated with sulfur dioxide include acne (PMC10341863), allergic rhinitis (increase) (PMC5981873), atopic dermatitis (increase) (PMC13219715), and psoriasis (PMC13219715). Respiratory effects include bronchospasm, pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema (PMC5122104), as well as asthma (PMC8977186, PMC12534815, PMC13085518, PMC7722407, PMC8625220), allergic asthma (PMC4384764), and increased inflammation (PMC12518403). Cardiovascular associations include blood pressure (PMC6612795), heart disease (PMC12534815), heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction (PMC12121063), as well as an increase in arrhythmia (PMC10946040). Other associated effects include an increase in COVID-19 (PMC11507386), depression (increase) (PMC9540824), schizophrenia (increase) (PMC9540824), Kawasaki disease and its increase (PMC7571626), cancer (PMC4078580, PMC13085518), and lung cancer (PMC9265552).