VANILLIC ACID (CED0002614)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-19 02:30:31 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 17:28:37 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM007811
Identification
Common NameVANILLIC ACID
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
VANILLIC ACID (C8H8O4) is a compound with an average molecular weight of 168.15 g/mol. VANILLIC ACID belongs to the benzoic acids and derivatives, a subclass of benzene and substituted derivatives within the organic compounds. Industrially, it is utilized as a curing agent (PMC13306418), a fragrance, a flavouring, and a nutrient (PMC10850857, PMC4752411, PMC7564337, PMC9578065). Biologically, it acts as a stabilizer (PMC10850857) and an antioxidant (PMC10850857, PMC4752411, PMC7564337, PMC9578065). Its recorded protein target is chorismate pyruvate-lyase (ubiC). The compound is found in or released from 25 recorded sources. These include food, food processing and cookware—specifically fermentation processes for beer, food preservation, preparation of malt, preparation of vinegar, and four additional sources—as well as ceilings in building and construction. It is also associated with household cleaning and consumer products, such as soap detergents, bleaching agents, perfumes within detergents and soaps, cigar cigarettes, non electric simulated smoking devices, and one other source. Furthermore, it is found in electrical and electronic equipment, including electric switches, electrodes, coils, conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials, electrically stimulated smoking devices, and four others. Recorded exposure routes include oral, inhalation, and touch. Regarding health effects, vanillic acid has a therapeutic effect on inflammation (PMC13316579) and is used as a treatment for neurodegenerative disease (PMC4752411).
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acidChEBI
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoateKegg
VanillateGenerator
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoateHMDB
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acidHMDB
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoateHMDB
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acidHMDB
4-Hydroxy-m-anisateHMDB
4-Hydroxy-m-anisic acidHMDB
Acide vanilliqueHMDB
p-VanillateHMDB
p-Vanillic acidHMDB
Protocatechuic acid 3-methyl esterHMDB
Acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoicHMDB
p Hydroxy m methoxy benzoic acidHMDB
4 Hydroxy 3 methoxybenzoic acidHMDB
Acid, vanillicHMDB
Acid, p-hydroxy-m-methoxy-benzoicHMDB
p-Hydroxy-m-methoxy-benzoic acidHMDB
2-Methoxy-4-carboxyphenolHMDB
Methylprotocatechuic acidHMDB
VAHMDB
m-Methoxy-p-hydroxy-benzoic acidHMDB
Vanillic acidKEGG
Chemical FormulaC8H8O4
Average Molecular Mass168.148 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass168.042 g/mol
CAS Registry Number121-34-6
IUPAC Name4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid
Traditional Namevanillic acid
SMILESCOC1=C(O)C=CC(=C1)C(O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C8H8O4/c1-12-7-4-5(8(10)11)2-3-6(7)9/h2-4,9H,1H3,(H,10,11)
InChI KeyWKOLLVMJNQIZCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as m-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives. These are benzoic acids in which the hydrogen atom at position 3 of the benzene ring is replaced by a methoxy group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentM-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • M-methoxybenzoic acid or derivatives
  • Hydroxybenzoic acid
  • Methoxyphenol
  • Benzoic acid
  • Anisole
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Benzoyl
  • Phenol ether
  • Methoxybenzene
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Phenol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Ether
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility5.7 g/LALOGPS
logP1.7ALOGPS
logP1.17ChemAxon
logS-1.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.16ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.9ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area66.76 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity41.76 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability15.86 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0hp2-2691000000-8409d9c758b023c6576bNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0gb9-2900000000-ccd8d4a214bc1a7f08c5Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0hp2-2691000000-8409d9c758b023c6576bNot AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0g0b-2981000000-a58243e35d1e3a64d2aaNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0g4i-1900000000-851f4a1738be8dd91d47Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-7390000000-18c5f822b380ea00aa26Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0gb9-0900000000-0aa6709c16899e222086Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-9aa2b9d4aa89e6ac12abNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-6d98ebfa89f4b8ee1e6bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0gb9-2900000000-babed327a6e49c6f7d51Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-105f33777cee542cf6dfNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fr-1900000000-a502792703fa2f211035Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4l-5900000000-037ef32f4c68a5252b92Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-9800000000-ecd60ac022f5fee1d5efNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-066u-9300000000-c63f7f792794f3c748a0Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0923211100-7e9f357f7429cff05524Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0923211100-7e9f357f7429cff05524Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0429110000-57f8760ce65d48cdc01fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0429110000-57f8760ce65d48cdc01fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0923211100-7e9f357f7429cff05524Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-8e112ffa4dcc7c08b0fdNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0429110000-57f8760ce65d48cdc01fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uxr-0900000000-29a2674dccd1fa478bd5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-105f33777cee542cf6dfNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-05fr-1900000000-c4ce596998934098267bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4l-5900000000-51df94e7bb7b909f6469Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-9800000000-ecd60ac022f5fee1d5efNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-066u-9300000000-c63f7f792794f3c748a0Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0gb9-0900000000-dd3e6c64d7b396190f33Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-2ce30066f202a1bb95ffNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-8e112ffa4dcc7c08b0fdNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uxr-0900000000-29a2674dccd1fa478bd5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-052f-9800000000-31f7f8425f27280140cfNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-8e112ffa4dcc7c08b0fdNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uxr-0900000000-29a2674dccd1fa478bd5Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9200000000-8bdf32aa87af42714414Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-2bc8bef92b08ea181aaaNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-8900000000-5b45e865b6e0da3898fcNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-066u-9200000000-efa5501e96aa3da44a57Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-aae8d23c50d82bda1560Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0pb9-0900000000-4aa4ab49e593d00060d3Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0q29-1900000000-02e4ae49d6449bd235dbNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-5900000000-98aa39c5c35345a07ca4Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0gb9-0900000000-d2238af41f75453cece6Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-342964fa3647815dd1d2Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uxr-0900000000-f16c365899f9d95733d3Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0zfs-5900000000-e5593db0a935e1534bc6Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-0900000000-6a1a2db582acd95348eaNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0600-0900000000-eda6cfe601d63ed00f8dNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-6900000000-b2c1e3f6b255e94a10afNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-01b9-0900000000-491e6483667faf4fd85fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-0900000000-60bf57fed2b13b8abb38Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0a4i-9400000000-ddaef5ce212242a7421fNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-004i-0900000000-48624ad5dc0495b92218Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0uk9-2900000000-aa33876dfa20178f38daNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0v0a-9000000000-81a17544c4c286fad0ecNot AvailableView Spectrum
MSMS Spectrumsplash10-0gb9-6900000000-c13506201c3612fc7ca5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueUnitValue RangeOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalReference
2364.0Log mg/kg[1300:4200]RatLD50oralpredictedNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionReference
inflammationhas_therapeutic_effect_onNot AvailablePMC13316579
neurodegenerative diseaseis_treatment_forNot AvailablePMC4752411
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
10InsecticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
494Food contact materialsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
495CeilingsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
508CoilsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive MaterialsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
517Electric SwitchesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
518Electrically Stimulated Smoking DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
519ElectrodesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
520Emergency Protective DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
521Fixed Capacitors And Their ManufactureElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
524Hybrid CapacitorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
527MagnetsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
544Fermentation Processes For BeerFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
545Food PreservationFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
547Preparation Of MaltFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
548Preparation Of VinegarFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling WineFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
550Preparation Of WortFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
551Processing FishFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
552Processing MeatsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
555Bleaching AgentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
556Cigar CigarettesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
559Non Electric Simulated Smoking DevicesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
561Perfumes Within Detergents And SoapsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
563Soap DetergentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
569Tobacco Smoke FiltersHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
578Making CigarsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco ProductsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
581Paper Making MachinesIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
596AcaricidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
597ChemosterilantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
600Herbicides And AlgicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
602MolluscicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
603NematocidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
604Pest AttractantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
605Pest RepellantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
606Plant Growth RegulatorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
607Rodenticides(1)Agriculture & land managementNot Available
608RodenticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
609AftershavePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
610Aftersun ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
611Anti Perspirants Or Body DeoderantsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
613DepilatoriesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
614Essential Oils Or PerfumesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
615Eye Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
616Face Mask CosmeticsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
617Lip Care ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
618Lip Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
619Manicure PedicurePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
632ApparelTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
642FootwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
659Transfer PrintingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
662Yarns Or ThreadsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
Pathways
1 pathway
Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Carbonic anhydrase 9 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 9Q16790HumansPredicted (SEA)1.94623
Carbonic anhydrase 2 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 2P00918HumansPredicted (SEA)3.03612
Carbonic anhydrase 7 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 7P43166HumansPredicted (SEA)0.856341
Carbonic anhydrase 12 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 12O43570HumansPredicted (SEA)1.40129
Carbonic anhydrase 1 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 1P00915HumansPredicted (SEA)2.25763
Carbonic anhydrase 14 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 14Q9ULX7HumansPredicted (SEA)0.778492
Carbonic anhydrase 6 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 6P23280HumansPredicted (SEA)1.94623
Carbonic anhydrase 4 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 4P22748HumansPredicted (SEA)2.10193
Click to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialP35218HumansPredicted (SEA)4.9045
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase structureClick to view 3D structurePolyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenaseP09917HumansPredicted (SEA)12.2223
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 structureClick to view 3D structureStromal cell-derived factor 1P48061HumansPredicted (SEA)1.55698
Amyloid-beta precursor protein structureClick to view 3D structureAmyloid-beta precursor proteinP05067HumansPredicted (SEA)20.1629
Carbonic anhydrase 3 structureClick to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 3P07451HumansPredicted (SEA)2.17978
Click to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialQ9Y2D0HumansPredicted (SEA)17.5161
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 structureClick to view 3D structureTyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7P35236HumansPredicted (SEA)4.12601
Tissue factor structureClick to view 3D structureTissue factorP13726HumansPredicted (SEA)8.09632
Cytochrome P450 2C9 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2C9P11712HumansPredicted (SEA)156.01
Click to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydraseQ2PCB5Dicentrarchus labraxPredicted (SEA)0.0778492
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK4 structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity protein kinase CLK4Q9HAZ1HumansPredicted (SEA)103.929
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B structureClick to view 3D structureAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BP27338HumansPredicted (SEA)54.4166
Alpha-synuclein structureClick to view 3D structureAlpha-synucleinP37840HumansPredicted (SEA)2.33548
Click to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 2Q3I4V7Cryptococcus neoformansPredicted (SEA)7.94062
Click to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydraseQ5AJ71Candida albicans (strain SC5314 / ATCC MYA-2876) (Yeast)Predicted (SEA)9.49761
Epidermal growth factor receptor structureClick to view 3D structureEpidermal growth factor receptorP00533HumansPredicted (SEA)281.114
Click to view 3D structureCarbonic anhydrase 15Q99N23Mus musculusPredicted (SEA)12.7673
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB0000484
FooDB IDFDB000846
Phenol Explorer ID414
KNApSAcK IDC00002682
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID5471
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkVanillic acid
Chemspider ID8155
ChEBI ID30816
PubChem Compound ID8468
Kegg Compound IDC06672
YMDB IDYMDB01802
ECMDB IDM2MDB005308
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=20482617
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24078147
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24314059
4. Pearl, Irwin A. Reactions of vanillin and its derived compounds. I. The reaction of vanillin with silver oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1946), 68 429-32.
5. Ebinger G, Verheyden R: On the occurence of vanillic acid in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurol. 1976 Apr 23;212(2):133-8.
6. Lee BL, New AL, Kok PW, Ong HY, Shi CY, Ong CN: Urinary trans,trans-muconic acid determined by liquid chromatography: application in biological monitoring of benzene exposure. Clin Chem. 1993 Sep;39(9):1788-92.
7. Muskiet FA, Groen A: Urinary excretion of conjugated homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and vanillic acid by persons on their usual diet and patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Chem. 1979 Jul;25(7):1281-4.
8. Dhananjaya BL, Nataraju A, Rajesh R, Raghavendra Gowda CD, Sharath BK, Vishwanath BS, D'Souza CJ: Anticoagulant effect of Naja naja venom 5'nucleotidase: demonstration through the use of novel specific inhibitor, vanillic acid. Toxicon. 2006 Sep 15;48(4):411-21. Epub 2006 Jul 7.
9. Achterholt S, Priefert H, Steinbuchel A: Identification of Amycolatopsis sp. strain HR167 genes, involved in the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 Dec;54(6):799-807.
10. Overhage J, Priefert H, Steinbuchel A: Biochemical and genetic analyses of ferulic acid catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. Strain HR199. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Nov;65(11):4837-47.
11. Plaggenborg R, Steinbuchel A, Priefert H: The coenzyme A-dependent, non-beta-oxidation pathway and not direct deacetylation is the major route for ferulic acid degradation in Delftia acidovorans. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001 Nov 27;205(1):9-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10918.x.
12. Venturi V, Zennaro F, Degrassi G, Okeke BC, Bruschi CV: Genetics of ferulic acid bioconversion to protocatechuic acid in plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas putida WCS358. Microbiology. 1998 Apr;144 ( Pt 4):965-73. doi: 10.1099/00221287-144-4-965.