Modified imidazole (generic) (CED0000901)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-05-19 02:46:45 UTC
Update Date2026-05-14 17:49:37 UTC
Accession NumberCHEM008480
Identification
Common NameModified imidazole (generic)
ClassSmall Molecule
Description
Modified imidazole (generic) belongs to the imidazoles, a subclass of azoles within the organic compounds. This organoheterocyclic compound has the chemical formula $\text{C}_3\text{H}_4\text{N}_2$ and an average molecular weight of 68.08 g/mol. The compound serves several industrial and biological roles, functioning as an industrial catalyst (PMC10857267) and an industrial curing agent (PMC11339998, PMC8074592). Biologically, it acts as a corrosion inhibitor (PMC10233832). It has been identified in 38 recorded sources, including building and construction materials such as floors, roofs, stairs, ramps, tents, or canopies. It is found in household cleaning and consumer products, specifically soap detergents, bleaching agents, tobacco smoke filters, cigar cigarettes, and perfumes within detergents and soaps. Additionally, it is associated with food, food processing, and cookware, including meat processing, food preservation, and fermentation processes for beer, wort, wine, or sparkling wine. It is also released from electrical and electronic equipment, such as antennas, coils, auxiliary devices, communication cables or conductors, and conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials, among 19 other sources. Regarding its biological activity, modified imidazole (generic) interacts with 26 recorded protein targets, including myoglobin (MB), monomeric sarcosine oxidase (soxA), nitric oxide synthase, inducible (NOS2), and nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase (cobT). In terms of health effects, the compound is associated with inflammation (PMC8009606).
Contaminant TypeNot Available
Chemical Structure
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,3-Diaza-2,4-cyclopentadieneChEBI
1,3-DiazoleChEBI
GlyoxalineChEBI
HimChEBI
IMDChEBI
ImidazolChEBI
IminazoleChEBI
MiazoleChEBI
N,N'-1,2-ethenediylmethanimidamideChEBI
N,N'-vinyleneformamidineChEBI
Pyrro[b]monazoleChEBI
1H-ImidazoleHMDB
GlyoxalinHMDB
ImutexHMDB
Pyrro(b)monazoleHMDB
{Pyrro[b]monazole}HMDB
Imidazole acetateHMDB
Imidazole monophosphonateHMDB
Imidazole sodiumHMDB
Imidazolium chlorideHMDB
Al-imidazoleHMDB
Imidazole citrateHMDB
Cu-imidazoleHMDB
Imidazole conjugate monoacidHMDB
Imidazole monohydrochlorideHMDB
ImidazoleChEBI
Chemical FormulaC3H4N2
Average Molecular Mass68.077 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass68.037 g/mol
CAS Registry Number259622
IUPAC Name1H-imidazole
Traditional Nameimidazole
SMILESN1C=CN=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C3H4N2/c1-2-5-3-4-1/h1-3H,(H,4,5)
InChI KeyRAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazoles. Imidazoles are compounds containing an imidazole ring, which is an aromatic five-member ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and three carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassAzoles
Sub ClassImidazoles
Direct ParentImidazoles
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Imidazole
  • Azacycle
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginNot Available
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Organoleptic EffectsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility538 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.21ALOGPS
logP-0.15ChemAxon
logS0.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.4ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.97ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area28.68 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity19.01 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability6.56 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-e6b2b7faf77dcf80d593Not AvailableView Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-e6b2b7faf77dcf80d593Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-ba9a75409716dbd6ae14Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS SpectrumNot AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-2ca95342014cfc85bb74Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-7d24c7b22fb67b2a5b76Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-f50f9a9c83174e9c149fNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-e6b2b7faf77dcf80d593Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-76b001eeacbb900271faNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-5398a23c5b95419a1e5bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-ad715dac27bd6d79523dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-9dad13fc804c087084a8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-36c1868da6ae549e0d51Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-76b001eeacbb900271faNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-5398a23c5b95419a1e5bNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-ad715dac27bd6d79523dNot AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-9dad13fc804c087084a8Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-36c1868da6ae549e0d51Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-0b1bce58fb1f7bcc7093Not AvailableView Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-1e75707c493cc0d66885Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-985af79883cf80d0af6bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-d6f5b271615f8e978a66Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014l-9000000000-4f888ed0233af45d54e5Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-b3d4133417298a44a53bNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-ec4b53ab61f0e52b88c1Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-eff641f0ad5995348cb6Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-e5fe87bd22a87dc81aafNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-e5fe87bd22a87dc81aafNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-9000000000-984396e105296a5464ddNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-cfa5a90ccf7fe5b5a266Not AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-014i-9000000000-56092f64c7480f3a9dedNot AvailableView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrumsplash10-0f6x-9000000000-d85ad9f6520f26c79a3fNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, predicted)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, Methanol, experimental)Not AvailableNot AvailableView Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Mechanism of ToxicityNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not Available
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Toxicity Values
Toxicity ValueUnitValue RangeOrganismDose DescriptorRoute of ExposurePredicted or ExperimentalReference
215.0Log mg/kg[120:380]RatLD50oralpredictedNot Available
Health Effects
Health EffectRelationshipDirectionReference
inflammationassociated_withNot AvailablePMC8009606
Exposure Sources
Source IDSourceSectorReference
10InsecticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
233BrushesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
497FloorsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
499RoofsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
500Stairs And RampsBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
503Tents Or CanopiesBuilding & ConstructionNot Available
506AntennasElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
507Auxiliary DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
508CoilsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
510Communication Cables Or ConductorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
511Conductors Or Conductive Bodies Characterised By The Conductive MaterialsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
513Cores Yokes Or ArmaturesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
514Discharge LampsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
516Electric Hearing AidsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
517Electric SwitchesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
519ElectrodesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
520Emergency Protective DevicesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
521Fixed Capacitors And Their ManufactureElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
523Gas Filled Discharge Tubes With Solid CathodeElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
524Hybrid CapacitorsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
525Line Transmission SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
526LoudspeakersElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
527MagnetsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
529Power CablesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
530Radio Transmission SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
531RelaysElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
536Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission LinesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
537Television SystemsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
538Thin Magnetic FilmsElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
539Video GamesElectrical & Electronic EquipmentNot Available
544Fermentation Processes For BeerFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
545Food PreservationFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
549Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling WineFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
550Preparation Of WortFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
552Processing MeatsFood, food processing & cookwareNot Available
555Bleaching AgentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
556Cigar CigarettesHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
561Perfumes Within Detergents And SoapsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
563Soap DetergentsHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
569Tobacco Smoke FiltersHousehold cleaning & consumer productsNot Available
580Manufacture Preparation Of Tobacco ProductsIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
581Paper Making MachinesIndustrial manufacturing & chemical processingNot Available
583Anchoring EquipmentMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
592Marine Propulsion Or SteeringMarine, shipping & aquacultureNot Available
596AcaricidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
598Fertiliser DistributorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
600Herbicides And AlgicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
602MolluscicidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
603NematocidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
604Pest AttractantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
605Pest RepellantsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
606Plant Growth RegulatorsAgriculture & land managementNot Available
607Rodenticides(1)Agriculture & land managementNot Available
608RodenticidesAgriculture & land managementNot Available
609AftershavePersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
610Aftersun ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
611Anti Perspirants Or Body DeoderantsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
612Body Washing Or Cleaning ImplementsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
613DepilatoriesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
614Essential Oils Or PerfumesPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
615Eye Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
617Lip Care ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
618Lip Makeup ProductsPersonal care & cosmeticsNot Available
631Anthraquinone DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
632ApparelTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
633Azo DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
634BucklesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
638Decorating TextilesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
640Embroidering And TuftingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
641Foam DyeingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
642FootwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
643HeadwearTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
647Multicolour DyeingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
648Nitro DyesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
650Purses Luggage Hand BagsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
652RopesTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
653SewingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
655Slide FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
657Surface Finishing Of LeatherTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
658Touch FastenersTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
659Transfer PrintingTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
661UmbrellasTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
662Yarns Or ThreadsTextiles, leather & furnishingsNot Available
Pathways
0 pathways

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets
StructureProteinUniProt IDOrganismRelationshipDetails
Histamine H3 receptor structureClick to view 3D structureHistamine H3 receptorQ9Y5N1HumansPredicted (SEA)7278.51
Cytochrome P450 3A4 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 3A4P08684HumansPredicted (SEA)7752.85
Histamine H4 receptor structureClick to view 3D structureHistamine H4 receptorQ9H3N8HumansPredicted (SEA)7054.07
Click to view 3D structureHistamine H3 receptorQ9JI35Cavia porcellusPredicted (SEA)4927.54
Histamine H2 receptor structureClick to view 3D structureHistamine H2 receptorP25021HumansPredicted (SEA)7548.49
Histamine H1 receptor structureClick to view 3D structureHistamine H1 receptorP35367HumansPredicted (SEA)7703.49
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A structureClick to view 3D structureDual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1AQ13627HumansPredicted (SEA)7708.24
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta structureClick to view 3D structureInhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit betaO14920HumansPredicted (SEA)7698.82
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 structureClick to view 3D structureIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1P14902HumansPredicted (SEA)7412.73
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 structureClick to view 3D structureMitogen-activated protein kinase 9P45984HumansPredicted (SEA)7725.6
Click to view 3D structureHistamine H3 receptorQ9QYN8Rattus norvegicusPredicted (SEA)7318.84
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta structureClick to view 3D structureGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaP49841HumansPredicted (SEA)7750.36
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 structureClick to view 3D structureSerine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1P11309HumansPredicted (SEA)7742.96
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha structureClick to view 3D structurecAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alphaP17612HumansPredicted (SEA)7748.64
Click to view 3D structureHistamine H3 receptorP58406Mus musculusPredicted (SEA)5598.84
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 structureClick to view 3D structureMitogen-activated protein kinase 14Q16539HumansPredicted (SEA)7750.28
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 structureClick to view 3D structureRibosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3P51812HumansPredicted (SEA)7740.24
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase structureClick to view 3D structureRAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinaseP04049HumansPredicted (SEA)7696.41
Click to view 3D structureLycopene beta-cyclaseP21687Pantoea ananasPredicted (SEA)2304.49
Nischarin structureClick to view 3D structureNischarinQ9Y2I1HumansPredicted (SEA)6293.25
Cytochrome P450 2A6 structureClick to view 3D structureCytochrome P450 2A6P11509HumansPredicted (SEA)7112.07
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 structureClick to view 3D structureVascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2P35968HumansPredicted (SEA)7770.36
Click to view 3D structureHistamine H2 receptorP47747Cavia porcellusPredicted (SEA)6605.97
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase structureClick to view 3D structureRAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinaseP31749HumansPredicted (SEA)7765.69
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 structureClick to view 3D structureRibosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1P23443HumansPredicted (SEA)7743.9
Concentrations
Not Available
External Links
DrugBank IDDB03366
HMDB IDHMDB0001525
FooDB IDFDB012307
Phenol Explorer IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
METLIN ID4190
PDB IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkImidazole
Chemspider ID773
ChEBI ID16069
PubChem Compound ID795
Kegg Compound IDC01589
YMDB IDNot Available
ECMDB IDECMDB01525
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=9730817
2. Lu, Zhongmin; Liu, Xinzheng. Review of process for synthesis of imidazole. Huagong Shikan (1999), 13(2), 26-27.
3. Lu, Zhongmin; Liu, Xinzheng. Review of process for synthesis of imidazole. Huagong Shikan (1999), 13(2), 26-27.
4. Lamberts SW, Bruining HA, Marzouk H, Zuiderwijk J, Uitterlinden P, Blijd JJ, Hackeng WH, De Jong FH: The new aromatase inhibitor CGS-16949A suppresses aldosterone and cortisol production by human adrenal cells in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989 Oct;69(4):896-901.
5. Luft FC, Mann JF: New classes of antihypertensive drugs and new findings with established agents. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1992 Oct;1(1):91-9.
6. Allolio B, Stuttmann R, Winkelmann W: Missing effect of etomidate on testosterone secretion in man. Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Jan 15;64(2):86-8.
7. Schraag S, Pawlik M, Mohl U, Bohm BO, Georgieff M: The role of ascorbic acid and xylitol in etomidate-induced adrenocortical suppression in humans. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1996 Jul;13(4):346-51.
8. Cotovio J, Roguet R, Pion FX, Rougier A, Leclaire J: Effect of imidazole derivatives on cytochrome P-450 enzyme activities in a reconstructed human epidermis. Skin Pharmacol. 1996;9(4):242-9.
9. Sheu JR, Hsiao G, Shen MY, Lin WY, Tzeng CR: The hyperaggregability of platelets from normal pregnancy is mediated through thromboxane A2 and cyclic AMP pathways. Clin Lab Haematol. 2002 Apr;24(2):121-9.
10. Kuhlkamp V, Schmid F, Ress KM, Kramer BK, Mayer F, Liebich HM, Risler T, Seipel L: Quantification of cibenzoline and its imidazole metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography in human serum. J Chromatogr. 1990 Jun 8;528(1):267-73.
11. Santella RM, Yang XY, Hsieh LL, Young TL: Immunologic methods for the detection of carcinogen adducts in humans. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;340C:247-57.
12. Howden CW, Kenyon CJ, Beastall GH, Reid JL: Inhibition by omeprazole of adrenocortical response to ACTH: clinical studies and experiments on bovine adrenal cortex in vitro. Clin Sci (Lond). 1986 Jan;70(1):99-102.
13. Baynes J, Levine M: Urea-extractable protein from human epidermis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Jul 19;439(1):107-15.
14. Bruynseels J, De Coster R, Van Rooy P, Wouters W, Coene MC, Snoeck E, Raeymaekers A, Freyne E, Sanz G, Vanden Bussche G, et al.: R 75251, a new inhibitor of steroid biosynthesis. Prostate. 1990;16(4):345-57.
15. Shishu, Singla AK, Kaur IP: Inhibitory effect of dibenzoylmethane on mutagenicity of food-derived heterocyclic amine mutagens. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(6-7):575-82.
16. Caccuri AM, Ascenzi P, Lo Bello M, Federici G, Battistoni A, Mazzetti P, Ricci G: Are the steady state kinetics of glutathione transferase always dependent on the deprotonation of the bound glutathione? New insights in the kinetic mechanism of GST P 1-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 May 16;200(3):1428-34.
17. Vanden Bossche H, Marichal P, Gorrens J, Coene MC, Willemsens G, Bellens D, Roels I, Moereels H, Janssen PA: Biochemical approaches to selective antifungal activity. Focus on azole antifungals. Mycoses. 1989;32 Suppl 1:35-52.
18. Smith DP, Smith DG, Curtain CC, Boas JF, Pilbrow JR, Ciccotosto GD, Lau TL, Tew DJ, Perez K, Wade JD, Bush AI, Drew SC, Separovic F, Masters CL, Cappai R, Barnham KJ: Copper-mediated amyloid-beta toxicity is associated with an intermolecular histidine bridge. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 2;281(22):15145-54. Epub 2006 Apr 4.