D-Limonene (CED0001966)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2016-05-22 03:28:02 UTC

Update Date

2026-05-14 19:00:48 UTC

Accession Number

CHEM016337

Identification

Common Name

D-Limonene

Class

Small Molecule

Description

D-Limonene is an organic compound with the formula C10H16 and an average molecular weight of 136.23 g/mol. D-Limonene belongs to the monoterpenoids, a subclass of prenol lipids within the organic compounds. In industrial applications, the compound serves as a solvent, fragrance, deodorizer, cleaning agent, and surfactant. It is also utilized as a nutrient and flavouring agent. D-Limonene is found in or released from 29 recorded sources across various sectors. Within electrical and electronic equipment, it is associated with batteries, capacitors, cell phones, printed circuit boards, wires and cables, and six additional sources. In the sector of food, food processing and cookware, it is found in food packaging, food contact materials, and the preparation of vinegar, wort, and wine or sparkling wine, among others. Its presence in household cleaning and consumer products includes tobacco pipes, tobacco product cases, other smoking requisites, pipe accessories, and non-electric simulated smoking devices. Additionally, it is recorded in agriculture and land management as part of pesticides, in drinking water and water supply, and in textiles, leather and furnishings, specifically within carpets, rugs, and synthetic textiles. Recorded exposure routes for D-Limonene include oral, inhalation, and touch.

Contaminant Type

PFAS
Pesticide
Phytotoxin

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-(S)-Limonene	ChEBI
(-)-(4S)-Limonene	ChEBI
(4S)-1-Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene	ChEBI
(4S)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene	ChEBI
(S)-(-)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene	ChEBI
(S)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene	ChEBI
(S)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene	ChEBI
4AlphaH-p-mentha-1,8-diene	ChEBI
L-Limonen	ChEBI
L-Limonene	ChEBI
4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene	HMDB
Limonene	HMDB
(+)-Limonene	HMDB
AISA 5203-L (+)limonene	HMDB
Dipentene	HMDB
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene	HMDB
Limonene, (+-)-isomer	HMDB
(D)-Limonene	HMDB
4-Mentha-1,8-diene	HMDB
Limonene, (S)-isomer	HMDB
Limonene, (R)-isomer	HMDB
(R)-(+)-Limonene	HMDB
(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene	HMDB
(+)-(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene	HMDB
(4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene	HMDB
D-Limonene	HMDB
4 Mentha 1,8 diene	HMDB
D Limonene	HMDB
(-)-alpha-Limonene	HMDB
(-)-Α-limonene	HMDB
(4S)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene	HMDB
(4S)-Limonene	HMDB
(S)-(-)-Limonene	HMDB
(S)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene	HMDB
(S)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene	HMDB
(S)-Limonene	HMDB
beta-Limonene	HMDB
L-Carvene	HMDB
Β-limonene	HMDB
(-)-Limonene	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₁₀H₁₆

Average Molecular Mass

136.234 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

136.125 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

5989-27-5

IUPAC Name

(4S)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene

Traditional Name

(-)-limonene

SMILES

CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m0/s1

InChI Key

XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Prenol lipids

Sub Class

Monoterpenoids

Direct Parent

Menthane monoterpenoids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

P-menthane monoterpenoid
Monocyclic monoterpenoid
Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
Cycloalkene
Cyclic olefin
Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Olefin
Hydrocarbon
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

limonene (CHEBI:15383 )
Menthane monoterpenoids (C00521 )
Cyclic monoterpenes (C00521 )
Menthane monoterpenoids (LMPR0102090002 )

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Not Available

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Organoleptic Effects

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Not Available

Appearance

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.46 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	4.5	ALOGPS
logP	3.22	ChemAxon
logS	-2.5	ALOGPS
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	46.48 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	17.23 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0173-9100000000-239928f205c8242a700a	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-507f7afbc17b7c2556e2	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-1a0c62c6971532ab6782	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0173-9100000000-239928f205c8242a700a	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-507f7afbc17b7c2556e2	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-1a0c62c6971532ab6782	Not Available	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-0b286d388287bcc487f2	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9200000000-df40612bbf371089d7ac	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum	Not Available	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-6900000000-f7ee4bad43b6ccae0ccb	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00ou-9000000000-51a52c25a98124e179e9	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0006-9000000000-9655665d3d36755028cc	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0173-9100000000-239928f205c8242a700a	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-bc8708fdb2d1955dce92	Not Available	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-1a0c62c6971532ab6782	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-2900000000-bce8f8616cfd3b16cac9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-9600000000-583a2621a826cedbca61	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-1000-9100000000-d78cd6fbdd7a13fe9dfa	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0900000000-2950ad058f77d7bc9f76	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0900000000-6f48f3b0b500d4f25ec9	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014r-5900000000-1c30c00bfa4058f5e22b	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-0900000000-a013b4ae27f975ab5621	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-014i-8900000000-d835e92fba2c2a238797	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-001a-9400000000-fb09a1cdd4bc09480281	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-0564-9000000000-dc5effa7f00987fc8567	Not Available	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum	splash10-00mo-9000000000-40d99aa482e2ce5a66f1	Not Available	View Spectrum
MS	MS Spectrum	splash10-014l-9100000000-fbf154446f93ee5019c0	Not Available	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Mechanism of Toxicity

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

Not Available

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Symptoms

Not Available

Treatment

Not Available

Toxicity Values

Toxicity Value	Unit	Value Range	Organism	Dose Descriptor	Route of Exposure	Predicted or Experimental	Reference
2991.0	Log mg/kg	[1700:5300]	Rat	LD50	oral	predicted	Not Available

Health Effects

Health Effect	Relationship	Direction	Reference

Exposure Sources

Source ID	Source	Sector	Reference
7	Pesticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
115	Drinking water	Drinking water & water supply	Not Available
120	Wires and cables	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
121	Printed circuit boards	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
125	Batteries	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
130	Semiconductors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
138	Lubricants	Energy, oil & gas	Not Available
147	Food packaging	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
174	Lubricants	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
234	Medical devices	Healthcare, pharmaceuticals & veterinary products	Not Available
451	Carpets and Rugs	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
454	Synthetic textiles	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
490		Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
492	Cell phones	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
493	Capacitors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
494	Food contact materials	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
506	Antennas	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
510	Communication Cables Or Conductors	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
536	Superconductive Or Hyperconductive Conductors Cables Or Transmission Lines	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
537	Television Systems	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
539	Video Games	Electrical & Electronic Equipment	Not Available
548	Preparation Of Vinegar	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
549	Preparation Of Wine Or Sparkling Wine	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
550	Preparation Of Wort	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
553	Treatment Of Hops	Food, food processing & cookware	Not Available
559	Non Electric Simulated Smoking Devices	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
560	Other Smoking Requisites	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
562	Pipe Accessories	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
566	Tobacco Pipes	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
567	Tobacco Product Cases	Household cleaning & consumer products	Not Available
578	Making Cigars	Industrial manufacturing & chemical processing	Not Available
597	Chemosterilants	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
598	Fertiliser Distributors	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
607	Rodenticides(1)	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
608	Rodenticides	Agriculture & land management	Not Available
612	Body Washing Or Cleaning Implements	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
616	Face Mask Cosmetics	Personal care & cosmetics	Not Available
630	Toys	Recreation & sports surfaces	Not Available
635	Buttons	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
638	Decorating Textiles	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
640	Embroidering And Tufting	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
647	Multicolour Dyeing	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
652	Ropes	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
655	Slide Fasteners	Textiles, leather & furnishings	Not Available
663	Sanitary Equipment	Wastewater, sanitation & biosolids	Not Available

Pathways

0 pathways

No pathways found

No metabolic pathways have been associated with this synthetic chemical

Targets

Structure	Protein	UniProt ID	Organism	Relationship	Details
Click to view 3D structure	Cannabinoid receptor 2	P34972	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	72.789
Click to view 3D structure	Pyruvate kinase PKM	P52480	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	1.24559
Click to view 3D structure	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	P47870	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2.33548
Click to view 3D structure	Mu-type opioid receptor	P35372	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	585.66
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Q8NER1	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	127.439
Click to view 3D structure	Cannabinoid receptor 1	P21554	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	260.795
Click to view 3D structure	Heat sensitive channel TRPV3	Q4QYD9	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	1.86838
Click to view 3D structure	D(2) dopamine receptor	P14416	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1999.95
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	P41595	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1631.49
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Q6RI86	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	95.9881
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8	Q7Z2W7	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	98.7128
Click to view 3D structure	G-protein coupled receptor 55	Q9Y2T6	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	550.394
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2C19	P33261	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	4879.43
Click to view 3D structure	Cannabinoid receptor 1	P20272	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	399.834
Click to view 3D structure	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8	Q8R455	Rattus norvegicus	Predicted (SEA)	87.1911
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2D6	P10635	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	5647.03
Click to view 3D structure	Sigma intracellular receptor 2	Q5BJF2	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	2683.31
Click to view 3D structure	Cytochrome P450 2B6	P20813	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	1752.85
Click to view 3D structure	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	P08908	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	5160.86
Click to view 3D structure	Taste receptor type 2 member 46	P59540	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	0.311397
Click to view 3D structure	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	P23975	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	4391.01
Click to view 3D structure	Kappa-type opioid receptor	P41145	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	5373.08
Click to view 3D structure	D(3) dopamine receptor	P35462	Humans	Predicted (SEA)	5893.03
Click to view 3D structure	Cannabinoid receptor 1	P47746	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	560.437
Click to view 3D structure	Cannabinoid receptor 2	P47936	Mus musculus	Predicted (SEA)	791.649