Nalidixic acid (CED0001960)

Nalidixic acid is an organic compound with the formula C12H12N2O3 and an average molecular weight of 232.24 g/mol. Nalidixic acid belongs to the naphthyridines, a subclass of diazanaphthalenes within the organic compounds. It is categorized as an organoheterocyclic compound. The compound is found in or released from 23 recorded sources across several sectors. In healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and veterinary products, it is used as an antibiotic and among quinolone antibacterials. It is associated with food, food processing, and cookware, specifically in food preservation, the processing of meats, and the preparation of vinegar. It is also linked to household cleaning and consumer products, including bleaching agents, pipe accessories, perfumes within detergents and soaps, cigar cigarettes, and non-electric simulated smoking devices. Within electrical and electronic equipment, sources include electrodes, antennas, electrically stimulated smoking devices, electric hearing aids, and discharge tubes with liquid pool cathodes, among four other sources. Additionally, it is found in building and construction materials such as ladders. Recorded exposure routes for the compound include oral and inhalation. At the molecular level, nalidixic acid acts on four recorded protein targets. It functions as an inhibitor of DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA) and DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB). Furthermore, it targets DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A) and DNA topoisomerase 2-beta (TOP2B).